名詞性從句講解

名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses).名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)，形容詞賓語(yǔ)等。因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。主要考查語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題，連接詞的選用，時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)等。?名詞性從句的共同點(diǎn)：1)主句和從句之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)2)從句部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序?引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：連接詞：that,whether,if不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分連接代詞：what,whateverCanythingthat),who,whom,whoever(anyonewho),whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why一.主語(yǔ)從句作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether,連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。Thatsheisstillaliveisamiracle.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheywillcomeornot.Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whicheverbookyoulikewouldbeboughtforyouasapresent.WhateverIdoisforthegoodofyou.Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whenweshouldclosetheshopontheholidayhasnotbeendecided.Wherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.Whyhedidsohasnotbeenclear.★有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ),而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型：Itis+名詞+從句.Itisafact/ashame/anhonor/nowonder/nosurprisethat…ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itis+形容詞+從句Itisnatural/strange/clear/likely/(im)possible/obvious/true/good/fortunate/certain/surprisingthat…Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?Itis+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Itseems/happened/appears/turnsout/struckme/occurredtomethat??.ItstruckmethatIstillhavetofinishanothertask.Itis+過(guò)去分詞+從句Itisreported/announced/expected/arranged/suggested/demanded/hoped/knownthat…ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.★在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,possible,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,ordered,demanded,recommended,etc.)that…Itisnecessarythatthemanagershouldsignallthecopies,notjustthetopone.Itisapitythatourteamshouldlosethegame.Itisdesiredthatweshouldarrivetherebeforedark.賓語(yǔ)從句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，無(wú)意義?。在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去。Hehastoldme（that）hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Thelettersays（that）theyareleavingonSunday.★注意下列情況一般不省that：Theteachersaid（that）theboywasnotbrightandthathewasnotworthteaching.（當(dāng)從句部分含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第一個(gè)從句中的that可以省略。第二個(gè)從句中及之后的that不能省略。）Theysaidyesterdaythattheyhadseenthefilm.（主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后有狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不宜省略。）Iguess,Mr.Smith,thatyouarealittleover50.（賓語(yǔ)從句被插入語(yǔ)和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隔開(kāi)時(shí)，that不宜省略。）Shehasmadeitclearthatshehasnothingtodowithhim.（賓語(yǔ)從句用it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不宜省略。）Irememberthatbeforeliberationmyfamilywereoftenhungry.（從句部分狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)，that不宜省略。）★在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.★注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài).如主句是過(guò)去式，從句一般要使用與過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。Ithoughtyouwerehavingabreaknow.Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheearthisround.（從句表示的是客觀(guān)真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）think,believe,imagine,guess,expect,suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。Wedidnotthinkyouwerehere.我們?cè)瓉?lái)認(rèn)為你不在這。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。it可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)1.it可以作為形式賓語(yǔ),而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportjob.whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，意思為“是否”，保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。Iaskedhimif/whetherTomhadarrived.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifthethiefwascaughtonthespot.who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序，應(yīng)弄懂連接詞的含義和作用.（既疑問(wèn)詞的意義和它在句子中所做的句子成分）Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Hewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.HeaskedhowlongIwasgoingtostayinthehotel.Themapdoesn’tshowuswhereEgyptis.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoitis.Nobodyknowswhyhementionedthatinthemeeting.Istillrememberwhenthisusedtobeasmallvillage.Itisconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.Thecomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.Ireaditinsomebookorother,doesitmatterwhichitwas?Marywroteanarticleonwhytheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.Thatdependsonhowmuchyouwanttospend.Eatwhichevercakeyoulikeandleavetheothersforwhoevercomesinlate.三?表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣.可以接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationsinsuchashorttime.（不用if弓I導(dǎo)）Thisiswhywecan，tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.Thatiswhyhedidn，tcometothemeeting.Thetownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat，swhatittakestodoanythingwell.★有時(shí)表語(yǔ)從句用asif,asthough,as,because引導(dǎo)。Itlooksasif/asthoughitisgoingtorain.Histeacherwasangry.That/Itwasbecausehewasverylate.Thingsarenotalways竺theyseemtobe.四.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)其前面的名詞進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。是名詞的具體內(nèi)容.可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information>message、news、order、problem>promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。1.同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)Theking，sdecisiont^tthepiisonerwouldbesetfreesu^^sedallthepeop^.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.★that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：（1）定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。（2）定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）★同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.2.由其他詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句（if不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）.Theyhavenoideaatallwhetherhehascome.Ihavenoideahowfartheairportisfromhere.?對(duì)名詞性從句的一些補(bǔ)充：who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法區(qū)別一般說(shuō)來(lái)，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無(wú)論什么/無(wú)論誰(shuí)”。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever.解析：答案是B,whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且作wants的賓語(yǔ)。這里的whatever不能改成what,因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的是"無(wú)論孩子要什么就給他施什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意，這里whatever也不能改用nomatterwhat,因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。Ican’trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.（這里的who表特定的某人）"介詞+who（m）引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句”與"介詞+whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)。Itwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever解析：答案是A。這是一個(gè)含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，作介詞of賓語(yǔ)的，是后面的整個(gè)句子，而不是賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，由于這里引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以要用主格who名詞性從句中有插入成分時(shí)?此時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：一是從句仍然不倒裝，而在插入成分上倒裝；二是要注意主語(yǔ)的主格和賓格的選擇。youhaveseenbothfighters, willwin?A.Since;doyouthinkwho B.As;whoyouthinkC.When;whoever D.Since;whodoyouthink解析：根據(jù)上面的講解，不難知道答案是D。其中doyouthink是插入成分，其余部分是賓語(yǔ)從句，作think的賓語(yǔ)；由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以要用主格who（不用賓格whom）。引導(dǎo)詞that的省略引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that通?？梢允÷?，但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that不能省。China’ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshowsourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.A.whatB.whichC.不填D.itthat解析：該句中的從句作shows的賓語(yǔ)，是賓語(yǔ)從句，又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗敝?、賓語(yǔ)，所以只能用that引導(dǎo)；又因引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that可以省略，所以答案是C。同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞where,when的用法特點(diǎn)說(shuō)明先行詞內(nèi)容的同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞where,when與被說(shuō)明的名詞在概念上不一致。但引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞卻必須保持一致。Thenarosethequestionweweretogetsomuchmoney.ThisthehousethegreatmanMaoZedongwasborn110yearsago.A.where B.that C.aboutwhich D.inwhich解析：答案分別是1.A 2.A/D1題中的question與where不表同一概念，可見(jiàn)是同位語(yǔ)從句，所以where不能改用"介詞+which”的形式。.2題中的house與where同表地點(diǎn)，先行詞與where,when概念一致時(shí)，是定語(yǔ)從句，且這個(gè)關(guān)