非謂語動詞-現(xiàn)在分詞的用法報(bào)告課件

Grammarandusage--------Participles.精品課件.1Othertypesofwasteflowintoourwater,killingriverandsealife.2.Whenpeoplethinkoffactories,theythinkofcloudsofdirtysmokeorofpipespouringchemicalwasteintorivers.3.Theythinkofgreedybusinessmenhidingfromtheirresponsibilitiesandonlyworryingaboutmoney.4.WhatIamheretosayisthathavingworkedwithmanyenvironmentalconsultants,Iknowthatahealthyenvironmentanddevelopmentshouldbepossibleatthesametime.5.Askingaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpriceforthingsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment..精品課件.2分詞：Participles一分詞的概述1.分詞是“非謂語動詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞（PresentParticiple）和過去分詞（PastParticiple）。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞：doing

過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞V+ed

不規(guī)則動詞3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。.精品課件.3PresentParticiple二、現(xiàn)在分詞1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?2.時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行Don’twakeupthesleepingboy..精品課件.4PresentParticiple3.現(xiàn)在分詞的形式一般式完成式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone.精品課件.5PresentParticiple4.現(xiàn)在分詞的功能

現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征，可充當(dāng)表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。.精品課件.6PresentParticiple

現(xiàn)在分詞作表語

現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，起形容詞作用，說明主語的特征及主語所具備的動作功能，回答how的問題，可以用very，quite，rather，greatly等副詞修飾。以下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化。disappoint,move,surprise,inspire,excite,interest,amaze，frighten，encourage,fascinate等。.精品課件.7PresentParticiple1.Thesituationbothathomeandabroadisveryinspiring．3.Thenewswasdisappointing．2.Whathesaidwasveryencouraging．4.Thestoryisthemostfascinating．inspiringencouragingdisappointingfascinating.精品課件.8PresentParticiple現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作表語時(shí)的比較1、動名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容，回答what的問題。Whatpleaseshimmostisbathinginthesea.2、動名詞作表語，表語和主語幾乎處于同等地位，可以互換位置，其句意不變；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表語和主語則不能互換位置。

Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathesaidisveryinteresting.3、作表語用的現(xiàn)在分詞除了和be連用以外，還可以和其它的系動詞連用；而作表語的動名詞則通常只能和be連用。

Hisspeechseemsverymoving.Hisinterestinwritingforthenewspapers..精品課件.9PresentParticiple現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，和它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，常可以擴(kuò)展成一個(gè)定語從句。它從以下兩個(gè)方面來說明中心詞。A.表示名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作。1.Don’twakeupthesleepingboy.=Don’twakeuptheboy_________________.whoissleeping2.Therearemanyfactoriesandindustrieswhichcontroltheamountofpollutiontheyproduce.=therearemanyfactoriesandindustries_________________________________________controllingtheamountofpollutiontheyproduce.精品課件.10PresentParticipleB.表狀態(tài)，它一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Whensheappeared,John,wearingadirtyovercoat,rantoherwithjoy.=Whensheappeared,John,whowaswearingadirtyovercoat,rantoherwithjoy..精品課件.11PresentParticiple現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語時(shí)的比較1、動名詞作定語時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系；aswimminggirl＝agirlwhoisswimmingawalkingstick＝astickthatisusedforwalking

2、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有時(shí)可以后置，而動名詞則通常只能放在它所修飾的名詞之前。

①.Thegirlwearingglassesisoneofhisstudents．

戴眼鏡的那個(gè)女孩是他的一個(gè)學(xué)生。

②.Iboughtsomereadingmaterials．我買了一些閱讀材料。

.精品課件.12PresentParticiple現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者。A.作感官動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語listentohearseelookatwatchnoticefeelObserve++sb+doing表示動作正在進(jìn)行.精品課件.13PresentParticipleAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___inthekitching.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked2.Themissingboywaslastseen_______nearthebankofthelake.A.playB.playedC.toplayD.playing.精品課件.14PresentParticipleB.作使役動詞(have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…)等的賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示“使…進(jìn)行/處于(某種狀態(tài))”強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性。Canyoukeeptheclockinggoing?Theyoftenhavethetractorsworkinginthefieldsduringthebusytime.3.Whattheteachersaidsentusthinking.4.Hecaughtthegirlcheatingintheexam.5.Leavehimstandingoutside..精品課件.15PresentParticiple現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示主動和進(jìn)行。可在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語。A.作時(shí)間狀語，可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念.精品課件.16PresentParticipleHearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.Assoonastheyheardthebadnews（1）動作和謂語動詞的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于

assoonas.精品課件.17PresentParticiple(2)謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在分詞動作的過程中，表示在“做某事期間”相當(dāng)于when/whileWalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.WhenIwalkedinthestreet.精品課件.18PresentParticiple(3)分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，分詞要用完成形式。Havingworkedwithmanyenvironmentalconsultants,Iknowthatahealthyenvironment…...AfterIhaveworked.精品課件.19PresentParticipleB.作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。(1)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(2)Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.(3)Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.BecausehewasillAshedidn’tknowBecausehehadseen.精品課件.20PresentParticipleC.作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Usingyourhead,you’llfindaway.D.作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于although/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Althoughgettingupearly,hewaslateforschool.E.作伴隨（方式）狀語，表示和謂語的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列的動作。Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother..精品課件.21PresentParticipleF.作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然的結(jié)果。Othertypesofwasteflowintoourwater,killingriverandsealife.Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.不定式作狀語，表示意外或事與愿違的結(jié)果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthetrainhadjustleft..精品課件.22PresentParticipleG.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（現(xiàn)在分詞有自己的邏輯主語）Weatherpermitting,we’llgopicnicing.Motherbeingill,hestayedathometolookafterher.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoswimming.主句和從句的主語不相同。狀語從句。從句省略了連接此狀語從句的連詞。主語+vingIfweatherpermits,Becausehismotherwasill.精品課件.23PresentParticiple1.Doyouwakeupeverymorning_________energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt2.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,__________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade3.______aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.