第五章神經(jīng)組織

學習目的通過本章學習，了解神經(jīng)組織的組成特點及神經(jīng)元、神經(jīng)纖維、突觸、神經(jīng)末梢和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，為學習后續(xù)各器官系統(tǒng)奠定基礎(chǔ)。

第五章神經(jīng)組織

Diagram學習要點內(nèi)容

神經(jīng)組織組成特點一二神經(jīng)纖維的分類、結(jié)構(gòu)與功能及神經(jīng)末梢三神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞的類型及功能特點四神經(jīng)元的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能及突觸

第五章神經(jīng)組織神經(jīng)組織神經(jīng)細胞(神經(jīng)元)→感受刺激、整合信息和傳導(dǎo)沖動神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞→支持、營養(yǎng)、絕緣、保護和修復(fù)等神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞神經(jīng)元神經(jīng)組織HE染色

銀染示神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞

第五章神經(jīng)組織

一、概述

（驗一絨）井神債經(jīng)佛元經(jīng)的占結(jié)標構(gòu)神經(jīng)元胞體細胞膜細胞質(zhì)細胞核突起樹突軸突二門、棒神到經(jīng)粥元1娛.胞糞體(省c匹e切l(wèi)襪l欺b劇o提d廊y圍)兩舟大煤特旋征襲性衛(wèi)結(jié)目構(gòu)紙：尼害氏遮體神陷經(jīng)滋原臉纖艷維神粗經(jīng)虎元境的悅營稈養(yǎng)爸和飲代蹲謝繳的驚中罷心（痛一判）悉神況經(jīng)沉元休的忠結(jié)物構(gòu)二躍、鍛神秩經(jīng)旨元功揀能筑：渣合芽成降結(jié)譯構(gòu)臂蛋妄白神冒經(jīng)丙遞慕質(zhì)神橋經(jīng)絲式調(diào)騾質(zhì)（1）因尼委氏裕體(劫N押i誘s柿s幼l排b仰o樓d滋y臉)分半布旱：印胞爛體初和莊樹款突軸丘尼氏體樹突1漲.胞畢體(患c子e拴l甘l板b竊o除d斜y妻)（崇一脾）概神頁經(jīng)氣元怨的擇結(jié)余構(gòu)二賽、載神輝經(jīng)賤元功彎能批：叉構(gòu)邊成侮細盞胞微骨勵架維蜓持之細浴胞宵形蓋態(tài)參腹與菜物挑質(zhì)寸運濱輸（2）還神弓經(jīng)馳原陷纖扛維(左n想e帽u晚r唐o予f各i樣b拍r梨i符l痰)分絨布槳：痕胞蘇體帖、部樹板突繪、漸軸扛突1舟.胞奧體(馳c興e糊l竿l盞b者o晌d銷y剖)（看一槳）酬神吃經(jīng)噸元確的場結(jié)置構(gòu)二蓋、膨神喝經(jīng)扇元2明.樹紙突(滋d陰e業(yè)n惜d浸r巧i咱t負e瘦)數(shù)醫(yī)量就：部一暖至國多淹個結(jié)萍構(gòu)燈：央與蔥核遍周嶺質(zhì)思相倦似有慶樹子突霜棘功后能告：臣接轎受股刺竄激徐，將墳沖睡動率傳梢入勻胞灰體箭頭為樹突棘（嚷一濕）沃神陰經(jīng)虧元孕的數(shù)結(jié)僅構(gòu)二甲、咸神貸經(jīng)鈴元3墳.軸跑突(獻a承x彼o歌n貨)數(shù)押量瞞：濕一桐個塞，奴起飛始椅部銹稱君軸深丘結(jié)愛構(gòu)催：躍無率尼由氏傾體扇，巨其拐余友似慨核冒周鋤質(zhì)功蛇能兼：棗將兔沖新動立傳壘出襪胞山體軸丘尼氏體樹突軸奴丘（狀一袍）盲神摩經(jīng)有元猾的背結(jié)遵構(gòu)二勸、字神摟經(jīng)首元軸趟突曾運質(zhì)輸(罰a教x城o汁n脆a類l抓t思r徐a政n震s尿p來o鐮r揭t臺)軸突內(nèi)的物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運稱軸突運輸順向軸突運輸：胞體→軸突終末逆向軸突運輸：軸突終末→胞體3活.軸肥突(她a賞x憑o椅n祥)（乒一徐）牢神須經(jīng)夜元攏的寸結(jié)嫩構(gòu)二元、湯神傘經(jīng)悉元1.根據(jù)突起數(shù)目假單極神經(jīng)元雙極神經(jīng)元多極神經(jīng)元根依據(jù)添軸腎突茫的插長遷短多刊級鍛神祝經(jīng)辦元尸分貧為高益爾拾基Ι型錘神逼經(jīng)狡元高刷爾標基Ⅱ型勒神兆經(jīng)食元（泳二普）鹽神鵝經(jīng)欣元汽的叼分彼類假單極神經(jīng)元雙極神經(jīng)元多極神經(jīng)元二口、話神肆經(jīng)櫻元2.根據(jù)神經(jīng)元功能感覺神經(jīng)元：傳入神經(jīng)元運動神經(jīng)元：傳出神經(jīng)元中間神經(jīng)元：聯(lián)絡(luò)神經(jīng)元（脈二觀）璃神鍛經(jīng)究元呢的嫌分堪類二及、蔬神沉經(jīng)急元3犁.根彼據(jù)奏神建經(jīng)挨遞駛質(zhì)粱或想調(diào)瀉質(zhì)膽叫堿漂能月神賴經(jīng)尚元胺惠能揮神擾經(jīng)教元氨灘基雙酸雙能欣神趣經(jīng)些元肽榨能庸神這經(jīng)恐元（蛛二籍）美神農(nóng)經(jīng)荒元鏟的租分認類二吸、倘神樓經(jīng)需元定哭義蝦：阻神丸經(jīng)測元奸與城神終經(jīng)醋元虛之棒間去或罰神蘇經(jīng)廢元修與劉非浴神所經(jīng)悅細腸胞之久間針一連種母特體化雪的火細甜胞掘連脅接滋。三豆、敬突苗觸分烈類1輛.化護學庸性宜突拳觸缺：以批神巨經(jīng)掛遞孔質(zhì)紡作蓮為場信點息端傳揮遞勞的驢載削體2董.電舍突涂觸箭：以美電設(shè)流菊作浪為變信抄息糾載仗體1洞.化撲學差性葵突振觸(處c蛛h戰(zhàn)e劇m太i宰c之a(chǎn)嫌l側(cè)s侮y覆n攔a南p朋s徐e豬)L旺M：叮銀拌染:可遍見勇突挑觸者結(jié)EM突觸間隙突觸后成分：突觸后膜→有受體和離子通道突觸前成分突觸前膜突觸小泡：含神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)或神經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)線粒體、微絲和微管三趕、跑突稱觸2鋪.電列突真觸(浴e榴l執(zhí)e眼c鏈t既r抄i窩c禁a湊l和s匯y牙n鐮a都p燈s瓶e兼)即享縫鑰隙楚連條接三扛、憶突律觸（混一靠）橋中毀樞殊神棍經(jīng)卡系孕統(tǒng)眉的襯神涉經(jīng)綁膠挑質(zhì)物細今胞1捉.星橡形女膠警質(zhì)橋細軋胞2眾.少流突均膠宮質(zhì)六細扮胞3貝.小射膠悼質(zhì)歉細貓胞4期.室顆管渡膜缸細酒胞四考、斃神雄經(jīng)圣膠鈔質(zhì)可細味胞1位.星慘形以膠菠質(zhì)川細助胞(耽a忘s壁t饑r園o突c黨y嗓t泰e饑)功托能渠：賴主倡要南參啄與炊形五成釋血縣－育腦竹屏決障原鑄漿養(yǎng)性育星指形昆膠競質(zhì)軍細占胞執(zhí)纖卷維升性鐵星綠形渡膠琴質(zhì)挺細帳胞原瓜漿闖性烤星踩形絹膠耽質(zhì)紐奉細擦胞纖懷維焦性銳星敵形施膠猴質(zhì)誕細犬胞（繼一毀）聞中艷樞戒神滑經(jīng)煙系吹統(tǒng)拼的頭神男經(jīng)括膠孫質(zhì)幅細凱胞四疑、沒神月經(jīng)現(xiàn)膠燥質(zhì)趨細散胞血汗－糞腦賭屏專障(尾b窩l續(xù)o亞o闖d衰-坦b誰r秀a系i牲n葉b套a匆r分r甜i忠e訴r，B渾B溜B嫂)功妄能崗：坑維井持吐神稻經(jīng)笑系仍統(tǒng)鴿內(nèi)寨環(huán)缸境的飯穩(wěn)傾定組磁成蓄：場毛奇細縣血朽管電內(nèi)想皮徐細盾胞終及堂緊恥密建連精接內(nèi)氣皮似細雁胞未基壺膜星券形最膠坑質(zhì)語細頭胞莫形封成帖的眠膠圍質(zhì)片界禮膜（吼一四）爺中奪樞蹈神傷經(jīng)參系危統(tǒng)優(yōu)的符神秧經(jīng)晃膠喘質(zhì)許細傍胞四延、輸神薪經(jīng)剪膠譽質(zhì)緞細霧胞2盡.少盒突眨膠陵質(zhì)富細宵胞(香o裹l截i庫g選o徹d植e燙n肥d原r蒼o變c葬y名t箏e垂)功憐能現(xiàn)：形荷成捆中賴樞倍神趙經(jīng)特系輪統(tǒng)江髓等鞘堅、漿神憲經(jīng)剪膜（勿一精）位中蠅樞搞神絨經(jīng)榆系域統(tǒng)俗的哄神孝經(jīng)率膠溉質(zhì)施細牙胞四峰、嘩神示經(jīng)邀膠蛙質(zhì)紗細橋胞3起.小辯膠漂質(zhì)素細瘦胞(獨m碎i孝c扔r勸o獲g看l云i雹a練)功雨能慎：有吞版噬桃作午用狹（侮屬堡單臨核雀吞似噬沒系膨統(tǒng)妹）（店一箏）鎖中跪樞貝神殖經(jīng)紹系價統(tǒng)究的先神困經(jīng)形膠堆質(zhì)仁細故胞四孟、艇神肆經(jīng)涂膠壁質(zhì)負細沖胞腦瓜室判和沿脊紫髓庸中日央炊管咽腔丈面藍一蜻層巨立慣方隱或統(tǒng)柱的狀斃細卡胞功掠能番：色保固護仍作渾用肯；數(shù)可徐產(chǎn)懷生箱腦蘆脊劫液4成.室吐管切膜腔細耐胞(融e畢p汁e芝n腸d稠y虎m眼a臘l布c擇e裁l索l素)（掙一位）嚼中挺樞倚神但經(jīng)移系草統(tǒng)掘的拐神囑經(jīng)侮膠蘿質(zhì)挖細康胞四妙、蠢神荷經(jīng)騾膠持質(zhì)汪細留胞2哥.衛(wèi)趣星熟細餅胞(拴s丟a輩t寫e忘l還l酸i呈t符e削c憐e恐l昂l危)功哈能膨：保伏護而神藏經(jīng)團元（袋二員）盜周夸圍拐神沿經(jīng)游系齊統(tǒng)堵的部神著經(jīng)趨膠狠質(zhì)距細抗胞箭頭指衛(wèi)星細胞四呆、養(yǎng)神冊經(jīng)林膠帆質(zhì)梯細址胞1旬.施黎萬令細腎胞甚（S橡c核h鑰w俱a肌n賣n料c膨e帝l謠l）功爐能催：臥形暮成政周聽圍鞏神泉經(jīng)共系松統(tǒng)髓棍鞘測和咱神艷經(jīng)饞膜無芳髓該神蹦經(jīng)鞋纖遲維有虜髓焰神塞經(jīng)比纖流維分溝類瓜：定岔義裕：神禽經(jīng)和元伴的吵長燒軸軍突拍和根其咬外夢面己包欲繞爽的平神圍經(jīng)巷膠悄質(zhì)伙細樂胞女組較成御。（罵一黎）怖神脅經(jīng)仁纖相維(違n尊e友r熔v缺e倒f償i研b可e腸r云)五槳、廟神潔經(jīng)觀纖商維獸和終神督經(jīng)郎銹飛悄結(jié)貸：象有建髓鞠神患經(jīng)妙纖認維偽的弄髓雨鞘傍呈昏節(jié)洪段討性傷，棟相尿鄰改兩呢節(jié)之段倡間邁無狡髓花鞘未的占狹法窄揮處槐，遭稱呆郎鎖飛猾結(jié)章。結(jié)們間襯體錘：攤相眨鄰胡兩缺個怎郎爹飛罩結(jié)丑之差間互的副一能段禿神場經(jīng)溫纖失維課稱球結(jié)杏間玻體剃。1芒.周艙圍矮神坑經(jīng)總系肢統(tǒng)草有少髓稼神滲經(jīng)痕纖酷維箭頭指郎飛結(jié)（懶一渣）乞神怠經(jīng)淚纖煤維(滲n骨e即r蔬v樓e座f趣i腹b嬌e斧r挺)五墓、背神迷經(jīng)值纖津維敞和夕神扛經(jīng)1卵.周糊圍芳神夫經(jīng)盆系籌統(tǒng)計有桂髓臣神短經(jīng)烏纖炊維施梨萬璃細術(shù)胞則形慰成仆髓任鞘膛的面過考程1鉗.周姜圍拒神掘經(jīng)醋系營統(tǒng)誰有棕髓床神閣經(jīng)舌纖掩維（販一現(xiàn)）非神蒸經(jīng)傷纖耳維(躁n挽e古r存v欲e悅f寨i揮b紙e蜘r銀)五穿、黃神陷經(jīng)什纖全維拳和蘿神病經(jīng)2周.中偵樞匠神騾經(jīng)坊系沾統(tǒng)橋的旬有記髓典神秩經(jīng)乏纖析維少要突艷膠允質(zhì)莊細道胞返形聞成厚髓孫鞘挑。郎唱飛亮結(jié)修寬造，拾無淘施-蘭符切帖跡（續(xù)一把）苦神擴經(jīng)梁纖廳維(大n社e雅r漲v捐e并f比i挽b遺e列r腥)五白、瞇神蛙經(jīng)胞纖葛維慢和耍神安經(jīng)3酬.無幣髓殊神土經(jīng)亦纖幸維中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)無髓神經(jīng)纖維U測n浩.無找髓夕神階經(jīng)卻纖耽維M躲Y延.有吐髓顧神蔑經(jīng)泡纖案維屢髓趨鞘S挽n蔬.施礙萬右細胖胞腦細勤胞易核（1）掩周怨圍雀神血經(jīng)蹤蝶系驅(qū)統(tǒng)一搞個謀施跟萬騰細韻胞寄包懇裹碑多滑條慘軸訂突悶，背無址髓拿鞘描、家郎源飛曠結(jié)（2）銹中仆樞體神冤經(jīng)裂系救統(tǒng)軸殖突繼完悔全蛙裸翻露（炸一白）吳神曬經(jīng)匠纖坊維(勸n稼e叉r帖v黨e碌f喇i繡b輸e呼r炊)五賠、親神稿經(jīng)姻纖書維魄和摘神膜經(jīng)（共二發(fā)）伐神搖經(jīng)由名周晝圍此神慢經(jīng)恒系叼統(tǒng)烤的惜若殼干近條晝神刷經(jīng)璃纖理維泊聚幅合救在侮一吸起侄，錄被丙結(jié)斯締仁組機織舌、姻血上管厲和砍淋舞巴陰管伏包另裹櫻而耗成馬。神賊經(jīng)過內(nèi)骨膜識、僑神嫂經(jīng)嫂束雁膜榨、蘭神涼經(jīng)創(chuàng)外別膜史均負為甘結(jié)糖締薦組薯織農(nóng)。五冷、勞神恭經(jīng)糊纖附維悉和德神膚經(jīng)定狀義肆：久周穿圍赤神蜻經(jīng)壘纖警維環(huán)的禁終筑末鑒部邪分,終泊止忽于而其殘他奴組常織舍中襪并蹦形應(yīng)成腥特泛定摸的余結(jié)摩構(gòu)裝。六賊、牛神賢經(jīng)題末費梢內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)末梢軀體運動神經(jīng)末梢（運動終板）感覺神經(jīng)末梢運動神經(jīng)末梢神經(jīng)末稍

游離神經(jīng)末梢有被囊神經(jīng)末梢

觸覺小體環(huán)層小體肌梭六漆、運神印經(jīng)展末主梢分莊布猾：達表賺皮優(yōu)、群角感膜抖等功析能夜：室感復(fù)受丑疼恢痛捐，惹冷必、食熱思刺宮激1乞.游評離拴神懸經(jīng)冒末票梢(跳f減r福e戚e絡(luò)n旺e政r四v高e訴e曬n鞠d漲i壺n茶g扶)（典一左）交感市覺貞神難經(jīng)奶末朋梢六護、掀神顆經(jīng)紋末腎梢2朋.觸苗覺愉小傳體(雁t硬a孕c侮t戀i包l晝e瞇c筐o煎r顛p拾u活s匠c侮l嘉e削)分宿布固：郊主臭要樣于手鴿指手掌即面達和屋足破趾親底揀面的欣真默皮貢乳扶頭舞層功登能黨：絲式產(chǎn)基生更觸幣覺（塵一乞）到感雙覺叼神舞經(jīng)躬末辦梢六甜、湖神過經(jīng)百末移梢3復(fù).環(huán)軟層站小基體(魄l和a企m股e漿l桿l讀a強r段c煮o栗r珠p唉u穿s拒c放l飯e倒)分艷布射：多惹見趨于取真柔皮俊深摔層宮等敢結(jié)雅締煌組高織概中功痰能爐：感拔受外壓惕力探、磚振納動量和但張舒力業(yè)覺囑。（踩一踩）因感緞覺迷神稿經(jīng)迫末菊梢六筐、尤神競經(jīng)反末隔梢分刑布浸：項骨嘉骼嶄肌功曲能膜：很感銷覺繡肌律肉濫運挎動接和肢鮮體殃位多置退變桂化戴（應(yīng)本去體聚感甲覺霜）4四.肌拐梭(送m促u禽s北c邀l構(gòu)e賺s輸p息i蹤蝶n務(wù)d身l摔e夫)（弓一奸）期感莊覺赤神吃經(jīng)搖末昨梢六磚、宣神師經(jīng)歷末永梢1揉.軀亞體陵運啦動唇神局經(jīng)泰末核梢(逃s兄o反m漢a死t將i裙c修m斥o港t舞o萍r蛾n答e踢r竹v答e差e斑n棍d南i頓n陸g射)又錄稱世運漁動蓄終希板弦，掀神儲經(jīng)-肌岸連攜接（俊二腔）貢運許動閱神毯經(jīng)捐末獄梢分躁布邊：覺骨游骼示肌功胃能:與差骨桐骼材纖鏈維霜肌宜膜殲之逃間圈形陪成果化框?qū)W澡性分突串觸六池、雜神連經(jīng)宗末蜓梢2顯.內(nèi)授臟還運匙動仍神頑經(jīng)膚末脖梢(礙v每i華s蒸c牢e擴r遙a親l偵m蓬o妙t睡o刪r淚n起e蘭r蜻v圓e吧e展n許d民i罷n貝g詳)分敢布澇：樸內(nèi)拴臟爹及戰(zhàn)血令管乞的東平唉滑袖肌況，免以近及轎心挨肌墾和訪腺英細爆胞披等功怠能：與已平皺滑符肌藍、不心橡肌無和唯腺反細