第7周1課時閱讀中細節(jié)解題策略分析

閱讀中事實細節(jié)題的解題策略分析授課教師：周小熙學校：清華大學附屬中學高三年級英語學科海淀區(qū)高中學生在線學習課程教學目標Teaching

Objectives能夠識別閱讀中的事實細節(jié)題能夠說明事實細節(jié)題正確與干擾選項的特點能夠根據(jù)事實細節(jié)題的解題策略選出正確選項1綜述Introduction2

正確選項特點Correct

Choices3干擾項特點Wrong

Choices4解題策略Strategies目錄CONTENTS綜述Introduction01概述事實細節(jié)題是閱讀理解中最常出現(xiàn)的題型.考查考生對文章或（某一段落）中某一些特定細節(jié)或文章的重要事實的理解能力。從近五年來北京的高考數(shù)據(jù)：文體：應(yīng)用文，說明文特別注意：提問和選項已不再以同詞復現(xiàn)在文章中出現(xiàn)，而更多的是將原文的意思paraphrase或是轉(zhuǎn)換為近義詞，大大增加了題目的難度。年份20192018201720162015細節(jié)題數(shù)量78968所占比例46.7%53.3%60%40%53.3%命題特點閱讀理解中的事實細節(jié)題,主要考查學生的細節(jié)分析能力,前提是掌握文章大意。結(jié)合以往真題,此類題涉及時間、地點、數(shù)字、原因、結(jié)果等要素,以文章的信息為依據(jù)進行提問,測試學生對事實細節(jié)的理解情況。常見的命題方式有以下兩種：以when,where,what,which,who,how,howmuch,howmany等疑問詞開頭的問題。如：What

service

can

customers

receive?Who

can

help

you

if

you

want

to

have

your

music

produced?Why

did

Adam

participate

in

this

challenging

activity?題干以填空題的形式出現(xiàn)。如：As

for

the

working

environment,

Tanis

prefers

.OnTuesday,Nicholas

.According

to

Sanbonmastsu,

people

multitask

because

of

their

.正確選項特點CorrectChoices02正確選項特點1.替換關(guān)鍵詞：把原文中的一些詞換成近義詞,反義詞等。（2018全國卷II

C）

The

most

hopeful

data

shared

in

the

report

showsclear

evidence

of

parents

serving

as

examples

and

important

guides

fortheir

kids

when

it

comes

to

reading.

Data

shows

that

kids

and

teens

who

doread

frequently,compared

to

infrequent

readers,have

more

books

in

thehome,

more

books

purchased

for

them,

parents

who

read

more

often,

andparents

who

set

aside

time

for

them

to

read.Q:

How

should

parents

encourage

their

children

to

read

more?Act

as

role

models

for

them.Ask

them

to

write

book

reports.Set

up

reading

groups

for

them.Talk

with

their

reading

class

teachers.近義詞1.替換關(guān)鍵詞：把原文中的一些詞換成近義詞,反義詞等。（2013遼寧A）Yet

since

my

arrival

in

Beijing

last

year,I’ve

found

theopposite

is

true.

There

are

millions

of

cars.

However,people

still

usetheir

bicycles

to

get

around.

For

many,it’s

the

easiest

and

cheapest

wayto

travel

today.Bicycles

also

come

in

different

colors---silver,green,

red,blue,

yellow,

whatever

you

want.Q:

According

to

the

author,

why

are

bicycles

still

popular

in

China

today?Because

they

are

traditional

and

safe.Because

they

are

convenient

and

inexpensive.Because

they

are

colorful

and

available.Because

they

are

fast

and

environment

friendly.近義詞正確選項特點2.詞性或者語態(tài)的變化：把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。（2019

北京A）Now

we

need

volunteer

managers

aged

25-75.

Theyare

extremely

important

in

the

safe

and

effective

running

of

ourprogrammes.We

have

such

roles

as

project

managers,

mountainleaders,

and

communication

officers.Q：

What

is

the

main

responsibility

of

volunteer

managers?A．To

seek

local

partners.C．To

carryout

programmes.B．To

takeinyoung

volunteers.D．To

foster

culturalawareness.同義，詞性變換正確選項特點2.詞性或者語態(tài)的變化：把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。(2018全國卷I

B）In

Save

Money:Good

Food,she

visits

a

differenthome

each

week

and

with

the

help

of

chef

Matt

Tebbutt

offers

top

tips

onhow

to

reduce

food

waste,while

preparing

recipes

for

under

￡5

perfamily

a

day.And

the

Good

Morning

Britain

presenter

says

she's

beenable

to

put

a

lot

of

what

she's

learnt

into

practice

in

her

own

home,preparing

meals

for

sons,

Sam,

14,

Finn,

13.

and

Jack,

11.Q：How

does

Matt

Tebbutt

help

Susanna?He

buys

cooking

materials

for

her.He

prepares

food

for

her

kids.He

assists

her

in

cooking

matters.He

invites

guest

families

for

her.同義，詞性變換正確選項特點3.語言簡潔/總結(jié)歸納：把原文中的復雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，長話短說，成為正確答案。(2013，重慶)The

oldest

known

transport

wheel

was

discovered

in2002

in

Slovenia.

It

is

over

5,100

years

old.

Evidence

suggests

thatwheels

for

transport

didn’t e

popular

for

a

while,

though.

Thiscould

be

because

animals

did

a

perfectly

good

job

of

carryingfarming

tools

and

humans

around.Q:

What

might

explain

why

transport

wheels

didn’t e

popularforsome

time?A.

Few

knew

how

to

use

transport

wheels.B.

Humans

carried

farming

tools

just

as

well.C.

Animals

were

a

good

means

of

transport.D.

The

existence

of

transport

wheels

was

not

known.語言簡化，歸納原文正確選項特點3.語言簡潔/總結(jié)歸納：把原文中的復雜語言現(xiàn)象進行簡化，長話短說，成為正確答案。（2018浙江卷C）The

cars

that

drove

the

American

Dream

have

helpedto

create

a

global

ecological

disaster.In

America

the

demand

for

oil

hasgrown

by

22

percent

since

1990.Q:

What

has

the

use

of

cars

in

America

led

to?A.

Decline

of

economy.B.

Environmental

problems.C.

A

shortage

of

oil

supply.D.

A

Farm-based

society.語言簡化，歸納原文干擾選特點Wrong

Choices03干擾項特點貓很愛干凈，貓很獨立正誤并存：信息部分正確，部分錯誤。無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文中事實相反或不符。擴大（縮?。┓秶菏窃男畔ⅲ室庠黾踊驕p少細節(jié)。以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極為相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動。偷換概念：偷換掉文章中的重要信息，混淆視聽。答非所問：是原文信息，但不是題干要求的內(nèi)容。This

Year’s

ThemeAll

participants

must

address

how

communication

or

transportationtechnology

has

promoted

the

quality

of

life

for

Americans

throughout

history.To

many

people,

technology

means

computers,

hand-held

devices,

or

vehiclesthat

travel

to

distant

planets.

However,

technology

is

also

the

application

of

s