狀語從句講解

狀語從句-基礎(chǔ)知識用作狀語的句子就叫做狀語從句（adverbialclause）o狀語從句通常由一個連詞或起著連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)，這些詞或詞組被稱作為關(guān)聯(lián)詞或引導(dǎo)詞。狀語從句同狀語一樣，在句中的位置比較靈活，可置于句首、句末或句中。例如：.Doitasyouweretold!按照你被告知的那樣去做?。ㄒ龑?dǎo)詞是as，從句置于句末）Whateverhesays,justdon’tbelievehim.不管他說什么，你只要不相信就行了。（引導(dǎo)詞是whatever，.從句置于句首）Putinarticleswheretheyarenecessaryinthefollowingpassage.在下列段落中需要處填入冠詞。（引導(dǎo)詞是where,從句置于句中）狀語從句根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意思和用途不同，可分為時間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句等類別。例如：.Onceyou’vefinished,gotobed.你干完了就去睡覺。（時間）Youcanborrowitaslongasyou’renotcarelesswithit.你可以借去用，只要你不亂用就行了。（讓步）Nowthatyouhavecome,youmayaswellstay.既然你已經(jīng)來了，你最好還是留下吧。（讓步）.Don’tmove!Staywhereyouare!別動！就站在那兒別動?。ǖ攸c(diǎn)）Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveattheairportintime.他們很早出發(fā)，以便及時趕到機(jī)場。（目?的）.Itissuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.這是一個很難的問題，誰也解不出。（結(jié)果）Heopenedhislipsasifheweregoingtosaysomething.他動了動嘴唇，好像要說什么似的。（方式）Incaseitrains,donotexpectme.如若下雨，就不要等我了。（條件）Theharderyoustudy,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.學(xué)習(xí)越用功，得到的知識就越多。（比較）時間狀語從句拓寬知識時間狀語從句表時間，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有：when,while,as,before,after,since,（not）until,assoonas,hardly/scarcely/barely...when,nosooner...than,theminute/moment/second.,directly/immediately,each（every,next,thefirst.）time例如：. Soonafterhermotherreturned,thegirlwenttosleep.女孩在她母親回來后不久就睡著了。.IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIwasachild.我從小就住在上海。when,while和as在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時都可表示“當(dāng) 時候”，但互相間有區(qū)別。when:主句和從句的動作可以是同時發(fā)生，也可以是先后發(fā)生，動詞如果是指可以持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作的話，通常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)來表示；when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語可以表示一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作，也可以表示某一時間點(diǎn)所發(fā)生的動作。while:主句和從句的動作基本上是同時發(fā)生的，動詞如果是指可以持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作的話，通常用進(jìn)行時態(tài)來表示；while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語只表示一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作；while也可以指兩個動詞間的對比，表示反差相當(dāng)于but。as： 主句和從句的動作可以是同時發(fā)生，也可以是先后發(fā)生，但強(qiáng)調(diào)動作是緊接著發(fā)生，表示“隨著 、^■邊 一邊、正當(dāng) ”。例如：WhileIwashavingdinner,hewasreadingaveryinterestingstory.當(dāng)我在用餐時，他正在讀一本有趣的?小說。（主、從句的動作持續(xù)在一段時間內(nèi)同時發(fā)生）IwillgoonatriptoCanadawhenIhaveenoughmoney.當(dāng)我有足夠的資金的時候，我會到加拿大去旅?行。（主、從句的動作先后發(fā)生）Wewerehavingapartywhenthelightswentoutsuddenly.當(dāng)燈突然熄滅的時候，我們正在開派對。（燈熄滅是突然的動作，when在這里引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句是表示某一時間點(diǎn)所發(fā)生的動作）WhilewewerewatchingTV,theboycameinhurriedly.當(dāng)我們在看電視時，男孩匆忙跑了進(jìn)來。（主、從句的動作同時發(fā)生，可以用when來代替）Whilemymumwasbusypreparingsupper,mydadwasreadinganewspaper.當(dāng)我媽媽忙于準(zhǔn)備晚飯時，我爸爸倒在看報紙。（表示對比，可以用but來代替）Asthepupilswalkedalongthestreet,theysanghappily.學(xué)生們一邊沿著街道走，一邊愉快地唱歌。（主、?從句的動作同時發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊......一邊”，不可替換）Asspringcomes,everythingcomestolife.春回大地，萬物蘇醒。（表示緊接發(fā)生的動作，“隨著 ”）?一些表示時間的副詞和短語也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。例如：Directlythemotherwasoutofsightofherson,shewantedtoseehim. 這個母親一看不到兒子就想見他。（directly相當(dāng)于assoonas）^ We5llleavetheminuteyou’reready.你準(zhǔn)備好了我們就走。（theminute引導(dǎo)從句）Thedayhereturnedhome,hefoundgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometown.他回家的那一天發(fā)現(xiàn)家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。（theday引導(dǎo)從句Thefirsttimeshesawthedress,shefellinlovewithit.當(dāng)她第一眼看到這條裙子，她立刻就喜歡上了。（thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenshesawthedressforthefirsttime,.）地點(diǎn)狀語從句拓寬知識地點(diǎn)狀語從句表地點(diǎn)，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,etc.地點(diǎn)狀語從句中有些部分經(jīng)?？梢允÷?。地點(diǎn)狀語從句經(jīng)常容易和定語從句混淆。例如：^Corngrowsbestwherethegroundisrich.谷物在土地肥沃的地方長得最好。Youareabletogowhereveryoulike.你喜歡上哪兒就可以上哪兒。Everywhereyougo,neverforgetyourmotherland.無論你到哪里，都不要忘記自己的祖國。Hewouldlivewithhisgrandmotheranywhereshelived.不管他的祖母住在哪兒，她都愿意和她住在一起。Suchkindofstructureshouldbeavoidedwherever（itis）possible.像此種結(jié)構(gòu)隨處都得避免。（itis可以省略）Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofverbswherenecessary.在下面的空格里，如需要使用動詞的，?用其恰當(dāng)形式填寫。（同樣省略了where之后的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)） 一Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestiontoask.在你有問題需要問的地方做一個標(biāo)記。（此句句子為地點(diǎn)狀語從句，由where來引導(dǎo)。但常常被誤認(rèn)為定語從句，其實(shí)假定where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句的話，該“定語從句”在意義上無法修飾其“先行詞”mark）Collegegraduatesshouldgowhereourcountrymostneedsthem.大學(xué)畢業(yè)生應(yīng)到祖國最需要他們的地方去。（還是由where來引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，如作為定語從句來理解的話，那么定語從句的先行詞都沒有，go是動詞。但因?yàn)槌３１徽`認(rèn)為定語從句，所以學(xué)生常會用“inwhich或towhich”來代替where）原因狀語從句表原因或理由，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有because,as,since,inthat,nowthat,etc.because,as,since均表示“因?yàn)?、由于”的意思。because語氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答why,可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,just以及否定詞not連用。as和since的語氣較弱，所表示的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實(shí)，故不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)。它們引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首，且不能用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞修飾，也不可和否定詞not連用。as指“由于”；since指“既然”例如：Georgewasworriedbecausehehadn’thadanyletterfromGreen.喬治很著急，因?yàn)樗恢蔽词盏礁窳值男?。Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.你不該僅僅因?yàn)橛行┤苏f了你的壞.話就發(fā)怒。Themanboughttheexpensivehouseeasilyonlybecausehisparentshadgivenhimalargesumofmoney.就因?yàn)檫@個男的父母給了一大筆錢，所以他能輕松買下這么貴的房子。ItwasbecauseIwantedtoseemyunclethatIwenttotownyesterday.我昨天是由于要去看我的叔叔而進(jìn)城的。（because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句形式:Itis（was）because....that...,since與as無此形式）Asthebellhadrung,allthestudentswenttotheclassroom.由于上課鈴聲響了，同學(xué)們都進(jìn)了教室。Sinceyou’regoing,Iwillgotoo.既然你要去，我也去吧。結(jié)果狀語從句表結(jié)果，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有so,sothat,so...that,such...that,withtheresultthat,etc.so.that常和形容詞或副詞連用，若有與有形容詞的短語連用，則引起倒裝；such.that常和名次連用。結(jié)果狀語從句常置于主句之后。目的狀語從句表目的，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有sothat,inorderthat,lest,etc.目的狀語從句中常常有情態(tài)動詞may(might),shall(should),will(would),can(could)來表示目的。sothat和inorderthat所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可放于句首。lest和incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時表示“以免、以防”的意思，一般用虛擬語氣。例如：Theyhadoralpracticeeverymorning,sothattheymaderapidprogressintheirspeaking.他們每天早晨練習(xí)口語，結(jié)果他們口語能力提高很快。.Heworkedsohardthathefinishedhistaskinthreedays.他工作得很努力，三天就完成了任務(wù)。Sheissuchademandinggirlthatit’simpossibleforanyotheronetopleaseher.她是一個如此苛亥|的女孩以至于不可能有人會令她滿意。Iwasinthebath,withtheresultthatIdidn5thearthetelephone.我在洗澡，所以沒聽見電話鈴聲。Hedrewaplanofthevillagesothatshecouldfindhishouseeasily.他花了一張這個村子的草圖，以便.于她能找到他的房子。Inorderthatthegrassandflowerscouldbloomagain,itwasnecessarythattherocksshouldberemoved..為了這些花草能再開花，這些石頭必須搬走。Takeyourumbrellawithyou,lest/incaseitshouldrain.帶上你的傘，以防下雨。（shouldrain是虛擬形式）條件狀語從句拓寬知識條件狀語從句表?xiàng)l件，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有if;onlyif,unless,as/solongas;as/sofaras,provided/providing(that),suppose,supposing,assuming,onconditionthat,once(note:somecan+~ing/~ed):Oncebegun,...incase條件狀語從句分為真實(shí)條件和非真實(shí)條件兩種。非真實(shí)條件狀語從句可查看本書“虛擬語氣”內(nèi)容，本節(jié)只討論真實(shí)條件情況。條件狀語從句在句中位置靈活，可置前也可置后；從句動詞常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或過去時態(tài)表示。例如：Iftheweatherisfinetomorrow,weshallgotoattendthepop-songsinger’sconcert.如果明天天好的話，? 那么我們就去參加那位流行歌手的音樂會。Supposehedidn’tbelieveinus,whatshouldwedothen?如果他不信任我們的話，那我們該怎么辦？(在此處，suppose相當(dāng)于if的用法。).SupposingTomcan’tcometorepairourTVset,whowilldothework?如果湯姆布來修我們的電視機(jī)的話，那誰來十這活呢？(supposing的用法同上)Assumingthatyouareright,theyaresuretogetmuchprofitfromthat.假設(shè)你是正確的話，那他們就會從那兒獲得巨額利潤。(assuming后經(jīng)常跟上含有that的從句，相當(dāng)于if從句)Providing(that)thereisnoopposition,weshallbringthemeetingtoanend.如果沒什么反對意見的話，那今天的會就開到這里。(providing引導(dǎo)從句時that可加可不加，等同于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句)Youmayborrowmylap-top,onconditionthatyouwon’tlendittoanyoneelse.你可以借用我的手提電腦，只要你不擅自借給他人就行了。(oncondition后經(jīng)常跟帶有that的從句)英語有一種條件狀語從句與主句并無直接關(guān)系，被稱為間接條件狀語從句。例如：YouaresocarelesstoyourworkthatIdon’tthinkyouwillaccomplishanythinginfuture,ifImaysayso.如我可直言，你對待工作如此粗枝大葉以至于我認(rèn)為你今后將無法有所作為。(等同于‘Iamtellingyou,ifImay,thatyousocarelesstoyourworkthat...’)If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句有時會省略主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Ifnecessary,callmeupatanytime.必要時你隨時打電話給我。(Ifitisnecessary,...)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句表“雖然，盡管，即使”等意思，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有though;although;evenif/though;however;nomatterhow/what/who...whether...or...not...inspiteof/despite+nphraseforall(that),inspiteofthefactthat,wh-ever,從句的位置即可置于主句之前也可以之后。例如：.Heworkshardthoughheisveryold.隨他很牢，但工作很賣力。EvenifIhadbeeninvited,Iwouldn’tattendhisbirthdayparty.即使我是被邀請了，我也不會出席他的生?日派對。Theyaregoodpeople,forallthattheirwaysoflifearedifferentfromours.他們是好人，盡管他們的生活方式與我們不同。.Hewentoutinspiteofthefactthathehadabadcold.盡管他患感冒很嚴(yán)重，他仍舊外出了。Youcan’tcomein,whoeveryouare.不管你是誰，都不可以進(jìn)來。（相當(dāng)于Nomatterwhoyouare,youcan’tcomein.注意nomatterwho和whoever都可以用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但whoever還可以用來引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。）Howeverbusyheis,heiswillingtohelpanyonewhoneedshishelp.無論他有多忙，他總會幫助那些需要他幫助的人。? 讓步狀語從句的倒裝。由as所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句置于句首時，通常會出現(xiàn)倒裝的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：.OldasIam,Icanstillfight.雖然我老了，但仍能戰(zhàn)斗。（相當(dāng)于AlthoughIamold,Ican....）.Boyasheis,heisverycarefulwithhiswork.雖然他是個男孩子，但他對工作卻是一絲不茍的。（相當(dāng)于Thoughheisaboy,heis....注意當(dāng)名詞置于句首時，必須使用其最簡單結(jié)構(gòu)。）.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed.你盡管試吧，但決不會成功。方式狀語從句拓寬知識方式狀語從句表動作方式，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有（just）as,asif,asthough,theway,how,etc.多置于主句之后。例如:.Yououghttofinishthetaskashedoes.你應(yīng)該像他那樣來完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)。.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforalongtime.他們說話的樣子就好像是多年的好友一般。.Tobefrank,Idon’tlikethewayheeats.說實(shí)話，我不太喜歡他吃飯的樣子。（theway相當(dāng)于thewaythat,也相當(dāng)于thewayinwhich）Doithowyoucan.你可按自己之所能去做。（how等同于inwhatevermanner）as之前通?？梢杂胘ust或exactly來強(qiáng)調(diào)。方式狀語從句有時可以省略部分成分。例如：.Ididjustasyoutoldme.我正是按照您的吩咐去做的。.Hedidastold.他遵囑而行。（相當(dāng)于Hedidashehadbeentold.）.Hepausedasifexpectinghertospeak.他停頓了一下，就仿佛等她說話似的。（相當(dāng)于asifhewasexpectinghertospeak.）比較狀語從句表示比較，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有(not)as/so...as,than,the+比較級，the+比較級,etc.例如：.ChinaismuchlargerthanJapan.中國比日本大得多。Themoreyouhaveread,themoreyouhavelearned.你讀得越多就學(xué)得越多。.Icanwalkfasterthanyoucanrun.我走得比你跑得還快呢。Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.他醒來得和他入睡得一樣快。此外，下列結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示對比或?qū)φ?，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有except,but,etc.例如：Theconcertwaswonderfulexceptthatthelastpartwastooloud.這個音樂會整體不錯，就是最后一部分?太響了。.Itneverrainsbutitpours.從來都是禍不單行。PracticeJohnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchenhecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asifIwouldappreciateityoucallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.until B.if C.whenD.thatAsfarasIamconcerned，educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn，.themoreforlifeareyouequippedthemoreequippedforlifeyouarethemorelifeyouareequippedforyouareequippedthemoreforlifeAfterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputuptherehadoncebeenatheatre.that B.where C.whichD.when—IsMr.Smithintheoffice?—Yes，heisinchargeoftheoffice，hemustbethere.sinceB.however C.whetherD.forAsyourgoodfriend,Iwilldohelpyou.A.thatIcanto B.whatIcantoC.allthatIcan D.whatIcanJohnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoouthephones.A.aslongas B.inordertoC.incase D.sothatSomeonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight，buttheyhungupIcouldanswerthephone.A.as B.sinceC.until D.before—Don’tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.—Oh,othersareweak,heisstrong.A.If B.WhenC.Where D.ThoughItistenyearshesmoked.A.that B.whenC.since D.whileWemusthurryupcatchupwiththelasttrain.A.that B.sothattoC.inorderthat D.inordertoNomatterharditmaybe，Iwillcarryitout.A.what B.whateverC.how D.howeveryoumaydo，youmustdoitwell.A.Which B.WheneverC.Whatever D.When—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?—No.ButifIthetime，Iwoulddefinitelygo.A.have B.hadC.havehad D.wouldhaveyouaresoweak，you’dbetterstayathome.A.Since B.ForC.Because D.ThoughEnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchooseyoulike.A.nomatterwhich B.whichever

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