高中定語從句教案

教學目標：1.掌握定語從句中關系詞的基本用法2.區(qū)分一些重要關系詞如that,which*3.在掌握關系詞的用法基礎上，能準確地選用關系詞和與其搭配的介詞4.能夠區(qū)分和定語從句易混淆的其他句型如強調句和同位語從句教學流程：1.簡單介紹定語從句的含義、構成、類型2.羅列出關系詞基本用法*3.介紹和關系代詞連用的介詞的選用和注意事項*4.區(qū)分關系代詞和關系副詞的選用5.分別區(qū)分定語和強調句、同位語從句*PS:主要針對四川地區(qū)考生--------------------------------------華麗的分割線-----------------------------------------=1\*ROMANI.定語從句構成&類型當你已經無法簡單地用一個形容詞來修飾你想要表達的事物或人的時候，則你就需要更換裝備，將你的簡單定語升級為更為豐富上檔次的定語從句了！先行詞（所修飾的名詞/代詞）限制性定從定語從句構成關系詞（非常重要的引導詞?。┒◤念愋蛷木浞窍拗菩远◤南拗菩远ㄕZ從句非限制性定語從句意義起限制修飾作用，若被省去，原句意義不完整起補充說明作用，若被省去，原句意義影響不大功能只修飾現(xiàn)行詞既可修飾現(xiàn)行詞，也可修飾整個主句關系代詞和關系副詞可用that引導從句，t關系詞在從句中作賓語成分時可省略不可用that引導，關系詞不能省略形式無逗號有逗號Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons)他有兩個兒子，她們在同一家公司上班Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons)他有兩個在同一家公司上班的兒子=2\*ROMANII.關系詞（關系代詞&關系副詞）連接主句和從句代替先行詞從句中成分作人作物關系代詞who√主語whom√賓語which√主語&賓語that√√主語&賓語whose√√定語作用替代先行詞在從句中充當句子成分代替先行詞從句中成分關系副詞when時間作狀語where地點why原因A.先行詞指物時，關系代詞that&which=1\*GB3①只用that的情況a.先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,one或被few,little,no,theonly,thevery,any,all,every,each修飾.DoyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourselfTheonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.b.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾OneofthemosttouchingmoviethatIhavewatchedisTheLegendof1900.c.先行詞被序數詞修飾Shewasthefirststudentsthatgettothelibraryinthemorning.d.當先行詞既指認又指物時Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingaboute.避免重復，當主語是疑問詞who或which時，當有兩個定語從句一個關系代詞宜用which另一個用thatWhichistheCDthatyouwantTheysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.=2\*GB3②只用which的情況a.在引導非限制性定語從句時，先行詞可以是一個詞或整個主句[例1](全國卷)Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.thatb.當關系代詞和介詞連用作介詞賓語時ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.PS:除上述情況外，一般在限制性定語從句中先行詞指物時，that和which可互換B.先行詞指人時，關系代詞who,whom,whose,thatSheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.(作主語)That’sthegirlwhom/that/不填Iteach.(作賓語)Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.(作定語)PS：在限制性定語從句中，whom/that/who/which作賓語且前面沒有介詞時可省略C.關系代詞asas兩種定從均可引導，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語=1\*GB3①在限制性定語從句中as多用于這些結構：such…as…和thesame…as…和…suchas…Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(as作主語)（我們已經找到了像他們工廠里用的那些材料）Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.(as作賓語)（這些房子以人們預料的那樣的低價出售了）Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表語)(他和過去不同了)ThebookisnotsuchasIexpect.(作賓語)(這不是我想要的書)Sheissuchabeautifulgirlaseveryonelikes.(從句缺成分，定從)Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikes.(從句不缺成分，狀從)=2\*GB3②在非限制性定語從句中as和which一樣既可修飾詞語詞組也可修飾整個主句，as引導的從句在主句前后均可放置，而which只能跟在主句后[例2](江蘇卷)isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.AsD.關系副詞when,where,whyThehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.We’llneverforgetthedaywhenweleaveschool’.ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.PS:關于where，越來越偏向于抽象模糊的考查了，不再是單純的具體的地點，它也表示事情發(fā)展的地步，人物的處境，事物的某個方面，所以我們要記住一些需要接where的這類先行詞如case,point,condition,business,position,situation等.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.*=3\*ROMANIII.“介詞+關系代詞”能跟在介詞后的關系代詞只有whom,which;介詞的選用要根據從句中動詞形容詞的搭配習慣來定whose=of+which/of+whomwhen=(in,at,on,during等)+whichwhere=(in,at,on,under等)+whichwhy=for+whichPS：當介詞置于句尾時，whom可用who或that代替;which可用that代替Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearebusinessmen.GuncontrolisasubjectaboutwhichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.[例3](2007四川）.Itisreportedthattwoschools，_______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothoftheD.bothofwhich[例4]（2008四川)Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,_______NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich[例5]（2012四川）.Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem[例6](2013成都一診）.Inourschoolthereare200computers,60%____needreplacing.A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.inthemD.inwhich*=4\*ROMANIV.關系代詞&關系副詞的選用Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/which/不填wespentinChengduDoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthesummerholidaysinChengdu它倆的區(qū)別就是在從句中充當的語法成分不同，前者是主語、賓語、定語、表語，而后者只是狀語。從句缺了狀語還可繼續(xù)以句子的身份存活，而缺了其他幾個就廢了。由此得出解題關鍵：在句子中找成分，缺神馬就選神馬。再把這方法進化一下就是大家熟知的：代入還原法！將先行詞代入從句能恢復成完整句子那關系代詞就是它的真愛，若不行就只能選關系副詞了。[例7]（2009）She’llneverforgetherstaythere________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when[例8]（2010）10.Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_______turnedouttobeawisedecision．A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where[例9](2011四川）.Theschoolshop,_____customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.A.which B.whose C.whenD.Where[例10]（2012成都二診.)AprilFool’sDayisatraditionalfestivalpeopleplayharmlessjokesonothers.A.when B.where C.that D.Which[例11]（2012成都三診）.Havingreceivedmywishes,Janerepliedwithamessage______sheused“U2”insteadof‘‘youtoo”.A.Which B.where C.whose D.When[例12]（2013成都二診）.TheCharlesDickensMuseuminDoughtyStreetistheonlyoneofhisLondonhomestosurvive，______hewroteOliverTwist.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what[例13](2013成都二診）.Actually,theLondonOlympicParkisbuilt____thereusedtobeapoorareacalledeastLondon.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.Why=5\*ROMANV.定語從句VS強調句強調句只有一個句型：It/was+被強調的部分+that/who+句子剩余部分.PS:只有在強調人的時候用who，其余全部用that.ItwasLiLeiwhohadacrushonhisclassmateHanMeimeiinouroldtextbooks.HewasLiLeiwhohadacrushonhisclassmateHanMeimeiinouroldtextbooks.由于強調句的it,that在句中都沒有實際意義，只是一個強調所需的詞，所以去掉它們后可以得到一個完整的句子，而定語從句中that這些關系詞還充當從句的成分，去掉后就是殘缺的句子，所以由此可分辨這兩種句型。=6\*ROMANVI.定語從句VS同位語從句最常見的同位語從句用that引導，又是修飾的名詞性的成分，所以很容易和定語從句弄混淆。ThenewsthatMr.Liwillcomehereisnottrue.(同位語從句)ThenewsthatMr.Lipostedonmicroblogistrue.（定從）跟強調句一樣，同位語從句的that再句中無實不充當任何成分，that后是一個有完整語意和結構的句子來說明that前的意思，判斷時，只用在關系詞前加一個is，能構成完整句子的就是同位語從句，不能的則為定語從句。[例14]（2006四川卷）-Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.-ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,______wegotlostonarainynight.A.which B.thatC.what D.When=7\*ROMANVII.其他特殊情況A.主謂一致：關系代詞在從句中作主語時，要注意從句中謂語在人稱，數方面與先行詞保持一致=1\*GB3①Greatpandaisoneoftherareanimalsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.(大熊貓是吸引眾多游客的稀有動物之一)=2\*GB3②Greatpandaistheonlyoneoftherareanimalsthathasdarkeyecircles.(大熊貓是唯一一種有黑眼圈的稀有動物)PS:nottheonlyoneof…=oneof…=3\*GB3③當as和which在非限制性定語從句中充當主語修飾主句內容時，它們后跟的謂語動詞用單數形式Theyhavebeenabsentagain,asisexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.B.關系詞省略的情況=1\*GB3①關系詞作賓語，且前邊無介詞=2\*GB3②在“therebe”結構的從句中作主語=3\*GB3③在某些表時間名詞后的關系副詞可省略，如thetime,everytime,themoment等高考真題練習1．（2011安徽）Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A．when B．which C．where D．while2．（2011北京）MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.A．who B．which C．what D．that3．（2011福建）Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4．（2011福建）ItwasApril29,2001PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before5．（2011湖南）JuliawasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_______shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that6．（2011江蘇）Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,__________theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A．When B．Where C．that D．which7．（2011江西）Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,_____theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears. A．forwhich B．withwhich C．ofwhich D．towhich8．（2011全國卷I）TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_____isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.that