高考新課標(biāo)人教必修3復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

2013屆高考新課標(biāo)人教版復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-人教版必修3--Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞聚焦1．Itcosthimmorethanone________(十億)dollarstocompletetheproject.答案：billion2．“Whathappened？”John’smotheraskedhimina________(溫和的)voice.答案：gentle3．BeforetheEarth’sprotective________(大氣層)wasformed，therewasnolifeexceptinthesea.答案：atmosphere4．Withthe________(引力)ofthemoonandthesuneachday，tides(潮汐)rollinandrollaway.答案：pull5．Man-made________(衛(wèi)星)areusedforsendingandreceivingmessages.答案：satellites6．Smoking________(乘，增加)theriskofheartattacksandotherhealthproblems.答案：multiplies7．Eatingtoomanydessertscanbe________(有害的)toone’steeth.答案：harmful8．Globalwarmingand________(氣候)changeproblemsareperhapsthegreatestthreatstoourplanet.答案：climate9．Accordingtothe________(理論)ofrelativity(相對(duì)論)，nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.答案：theory10．Mostoftheevidencehadbeendestroyed.________(因此，于是)，itwasalmostimpossibletoprovehimguilty.答案：ThusⅡ課文原句突破1．隨后它會(huì)變成什么沒有人知道，直到38～45億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固體的球狀物。________________________________________wasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.答案：Whatitwastobecome2．地球變得如此猛烈，以至于它的形狀能否持久還不清楚。Theearthbecame________violent________itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.答案：so；that3．這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。Thisproducedachainreaction，which________________________________________________________.答案：madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop4．而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarried________________________________ontheearthandfellover.答案：twiceasfaras5．“天哪，”我大聲說?！耙Ω淖兞?，走路也的確需要練一練了?！薄癘h，dear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpractice________________gravityhaschanged.”答案：nowthatatmospheren．大氣層，空氣；環(huán)境，氣氛教材原句P25：Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他氣體，這些后來形成了地球的大氣層。①Thewastetheycreategoesintotheatmosphereandmakesussick.它們制造出來的廢氣進(jìn)入大氣中，導(dǎo)致我們生病。②Thesimpleatmosphereoftheofficecalmedme.簡樸的辦公室氣氛讓我平靜下來。③Eversincetheirquarrel，therehasbeenanunpleasantatmosphereintheoffice.自從他們發(fā)生口角以來，辦公室里總有一種不愉快的氣氛。1.(湖北高考)Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly________.A．a(chǎn)tmosphere B．stateC．situation D．phenomenon于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。①Whenitisinmyturn，Iamtooexcitedtospeak.當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我激動(dòng)得都說不出話來了。inturn依次，輪流；反之，反過來byturns輪流；交替地taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事②Thecustomerpraisedthemanager，whointurnpraisedhisstaff.顧客表揚(yáng)了經(jīng)理，經(jīng)理轉(zhuǎn)而表揚(yáng)了他的職員。③Alltheoriesarederivedfrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有的理論都來源于實(shí)踐，并反過來為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。④Nowitisyourturntolookafterthechildren.現(xiàn)在輪到你照看孩子了。6.Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars，andthis________createsfurtherproblems.A．inshort B．incaseC．indoubt D．inturn解析：本題考查短語意思辨析。inshort意為“總之，簡言之”；incase意為“假使，免得，以防萬一”；indoubt意為“感到懷疑，被懷疑的”；inturn意為“反過來，依次，輪流”。根據(jù)句意要求應(yīng)選D。答案：Dprevent...from...阻止/制止……做……教材原句P26：Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。①Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.誰也不能阻止這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施。②Oncehehasmadeuphismind，nothingcanpreventhimfromdoingso.一旦他下定決心，什么也不能阻止他這樣做。③Hisadviceprevented/kept/stoppedmefrommakingaseriousmistake.他的忠告使我免于犯嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。④Hewearssunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他帶墨鏡保護(hù)眼睛使其免受太陽光的傷害。7.完成句子Measureshavebeentakento_____________________________(阻止河流污染)．答案：prevent/stop/keeptheriverfrombeingpollutedcheerup(使)高興；使振奮；感到振奮教材原句P31：Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月亮越來越大。①GiveMaryacall，sheneedscheeringup.給瑪麗打個(gè)電話，她需要人安慰。②Cheerup！Ourtroubleswillsoonbeover.振作起來！我們的困難很快就會(huì)過去。③WhenI’mfeelingsadmymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup.當(dāng)我感到憂傷時(shí)，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。④Theydothisinordertoencouragecrowdstocheertheirsportsteam.他們這樣做是為了鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樗麄兊那蜿?duì)加油。8.—I’mthinkingofthetesttomorrow.I’mafraidIcan’tpassthistime.—________！I’msureyou’llmakeit.A．Goahead B．GoodluckC．Noproblem D．Cheerup解析：句意為：——我正在考慮明天考試的問題，恐怕這次我會(huì)不及格。——振作起來！我相信你會(huì)通過的。根據(jù)上下文只有Cheerup“振作起來”符合題意，而Goahead繼續(xù)，Goodluck好運(yùn)氣，Noproblem沒問題，均不符合題意。答案：DButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：(1)“A＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。(2)“A＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A＋倍數(shù)＋thesize/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句①Therearefivetimesmorebooksinourlibrarythaninyours.我們圖書館里的書比你們圖書館里的書多五倍。②HehasreadtwiceasmanybooksasIhave.他讀的書是我讀過的兩倍。③Myhouseistwicethesizeofmyparents.我的房子是我父母的兩倍大。④Ourcityhasexperiencedtwiceasmuchrainthisyearasitdidlastyear.我們城市今年的雨水是去年的兩倍。9.Accordingtostatistics，amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancer________awoman.A．than B．suchC．so D．a(chǎn)s解析：閱讀題干可知此題考查倍數(shù)句式的同級(jí)比較句型，其構(gòu)成應(yīng)為：倍數(shù)詞＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as＋另一比較對(duì)象，所以此空應(yīng)填as。答案：D10．Peter’sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack’s，butitcost________his.A．a(chǎn)smuchtwiceasB．twiceasmuchasC．muchastwiceasD．a(chǎn)stwicemuchas解析：本題句意應(yīng)為：彼得的夾克衫看上去與杰克的相同，但價(jià)格卻是他的兩倍。表達(dá)倍數(shù)用“倍數(shù)詞＋as＋adj.＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：B11．Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas________thatoftheirs.A．a(chǎn)stwicelargeasB．twiceaslargeasC．twiceasmuchasD．a(chǎn)stwicemuchas解析：句意為：十年前我們村的人口是他們村的10倍。形容詞比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)之一為：倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞原級(jí)＋as...答案：B12．SomepartsinSouthChinahaveexperienced________thisyearastheydidlastyear.A．twiceasmuchrainB．raintwiceasmuchC．a(chǎn)stwicemuchrainD．twicerainasmuch解析：考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法“倍數(shù)＋asmany/much＋n.＋as...”。因倍數(shù)詞為前位限定詞，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)不合句型結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A“Ohdear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大聲說：“重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了?！眓owthat由于；既然，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，有時(shí)that可以省略。NowthatIhavenothingtodo，Icanenjoymusicforalittlewhile.既然我無事可做，我可以享受一會(huì)兒音樂了。Nowyouhavegrownup，youcanmakeupyourmindbyyourself.你已長大了，可以自己作決定了。辨析：because，since，as，for與nowthat(1)because語氣最強(qiáng)，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因，回答提問時(shí)，一般放在主句之后。Hewasabsentfromthemeetingbecausehewasillyesterday.昨天他沒參加會(huì)議是因?yàn)樗×恕?2)since語氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion，I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出這個(gè)問題，我就問別人了。(3)as語氣比because弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是顯而易見的原因和理由，從句一般放在主句前。Astherewasnoanswer，wewrotehimagain.鑒于他沒有回復(fù)，我們又給他寫了封信。(4)for是并列連詞，表示推斷的原因，或?qū)η耙环志溲a(bǔ)充說明理由。for表示這一用法時(shí)需放在兩句之間。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?3.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedto________I’llseehimtomorrow.A．though B．unlessC．when D．because解析：句意為：——你給Fred回電話了嗎？——我沒必要回，因?yàn)槊魈煳乙ヒ娝?。though雖然；unless除非；when當(dāng)……時(shí)；because因?yàn)?。答案：D14．________you’vegotachance，youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A．NowthatB．AfterC．AlthoughD．Assoonas解析：句意為：既然你得到了一次機(jī)會(huì)，不妨充分利用它。答案：AⅠ.完成句子1．__________________(既然)you’vefinishedyourhomework，youcangoandplayfootballtohavearest.答案：Nowthat2．Doyourbestinyourcareer，andyou’llsucceed________________(遲早)．答案：intime3．________________(當(dāng)心)forhistemper！He’snoteasytodealwith.答案：Watchout4．WheneverI’mupset，shealwayshasagoodideatomakeme______________(感到高興)．答案：cheerup5．Thefirstmodernrobot________________(誕生)in1954，createdbyGeorgeDavelandoperateddigitally.答案：cameintoexistence6．Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuresto________theculturalrelics__________________(阻止被損壞)．答案：prevent；frombeingdamagedⅡ.巧思妙解1．________mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A．What B．WhyC．Where D．Which解析：本題考查名詞性從句的用法。根據(jù)句子的分析，________mattersmostinlearningEnglish是主語部分，isenoughpractice是謂語部分。再分析主語部分，發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少的是主語，指的是事情，所以應(yīng)該用一個(gè)代詞what。答案：A2．________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A．This B．ThatC．What D．It解析：考查代詞it的用法。用做形式主語。真正的主語是theway。答案：D3．________parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.A．That B．WhichC．What D．As解析：考查名詞性從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，引導(dǎo)詞作從句的賓語，指物；用what。答案：C4．________hecouldn’tunderstandwas________，asateacherofChinese，hewasaskedtoteachhistory.A．What；that B．What；whatC．What；which D．Why；how解析：第一個(gè)空格引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句缺賓語，故用what，而不用在從句中作狀語的why；第二個(gè)空格引導(dǎo)表語從句，且該從句不缺任何成分，故用在表語從句中不作成分的that，而不用在從句中作成分的what，which，how。答案：A5．________isknowntousallisthatthe2012OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinLondon.A．It B．WhatC．As D．Which解析：句意為：我們都知道，2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)在倫敦舉行。本題是由一個(gè)主語從句________isknowntousall和一個(gè)表語從句thatthe2012Olympic...組成，主語從句中缺少主語，用what指代這一事件，注意本題可以轉(zhuǎn)化為Itisknowntousallthatthe2012OlympicGameswill...(it作形式主語)；以及Asisknowntous，the2012OlympicGameswill...(As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)。答案：BⅢ.語法專練本單元語法——主語從句1．Pleaseremember________winsyourrespectisnotyourbackgroundbutyourknowledgeandvirtues.A．that B．whatC．which D．where解析：考查主語從句。句意為：請(qǐng)記住，為你贏得尊重的不是你的背景，而是你的知識(shí)和美德。題干中remember之后為賓語從句，其中，whatwinsyourrespec