語言學詞匯表

#/19abbreviation縮寫法acculturation語言文化移入acronym詞首字母縮略詞addressterm稱謂語addresser發(fā)話人addressee受話人adjacency毗匕鄰AdjacencyCondition毗鄰條件AdjacencyParameter毗鄰參數(shù)Affix詞綴Affixation加詞綴法Affricate塞擦音Afroasiatic非亞語系agreementrule一致關系規(guī)則allophone音位變體alveolar齒齦音alveolus齒齦angulargyrus角形腦回antonymy反義現(xiàn)象antonym反以詞apocope詞尾音脫落aphasia失語癥aphasic失語癥患者appliedlinguistics應用語言學arbitrariness任意性argument論元articulatoryvariable發(fā)音變項aspiration送氣assimilation同化approximation近似化Austronesian….語系Babbling咿呀學語back-formation逆向構詞法backvowel后元音Behaviorism行為主義Behavioristlearningtheory行為主義學習理論BehavioristPsychology行為主義心理學Bilabial雙唇音Bilingualism雙語現(xiàn)象BlackEnglish黑人英語Blending混合法Borrowing借用boundmorpheme黏著語素brainlateralization大腦左右半球側化branchingnode分叉點broadtranscription寬式音標Broca'sarea布羅卡區(qū)caretakerspeech保姆語case格CaseCondition格條件casemarking格標志causativeverb使役動詞centralvowel中元音cerebralcortex大腦皮層cerebralplasticity大腦彈性channel渠道classicallanguage古典語言clipping略寫法closedclassword封閉類詞code代碼code-switching代碼切換cognate同源詞co-hyponyms并列下義詞coinage創(chuàng)新詞colorword色彩詞concept概念conceptualistview意念觀consonant輔音constituent成分constituentstructure成分結構constraint制約construction結構contentword實詞context語境;上下文contextualism語境論ContrastiveAnalysis對比分析法conversationalimplicature會話含義co-operativeprinciple合作原貝Ucoordinatesentence并列句creativity倉|」造性criticalperiod關鍵期;臨界期culturaltransmission文化傳播declaration宣告類deepstructure深層結構dental齒音derivation派生法derivationalmorpheme派生語素derivative派生詞descriptivelinguistics描寫語言學designfeature識別特征determiner限定詞diachroniclinguistics歷時語言學diacritics變音符號dialect方言dialectalsynonym方言同義詞dichoticlisteningtest兩耳分聽測試diglossia雙言現(xiàn)象diphthong復合元音DirectionaliltyParameter方位參數(shù)Directives指令類Displacement不受時空限制的特性distinctivefeature區(qū)別性特征D-structure深層結構dualityofstructur結構二重性edoublearticulation結構二重性embeddedclause子句emotivemeaning表情意義entailment含義entity實體epenthesis插入音ErrorAnalysis錯誤分析法euphemism委婉語evaluativemeaning評價意義expressives表達類factivepredicate敘述性謂詞familytree譜系樹featuresymbol特征標記featuresofmeaning意義特征finiteclause定式字句finiteverb定式動詞formalize形式化fossilization語言僵化framework框架freemorpheme自由語素fricative擦音frontvowel前元音functionword虛詞functionalshift功能性轉換functorelement起功能作用成分gender性GenerativeGrammar生成語法GenerativeSemantics生成語義學glide滑音glottal喉音glottis聲門graddablopposites可分等級的反義詞grammaticality語法性grammaticalmeaning語法意義GreatVowelShift元音大變位hardpalate硬腭head核心詞hemisphericdominanceforlanguage大腦半球的語言優(yōu)勢hierarchicalstructure層次結構highvariety高層次變體historicallinguistics歷史語言學holophrasticsentence獨詞句homography同形homonymy同音異義；同形異義homophony同音異義hyponymy下義關系hyponym下義詞idiolect個人語言特點illocutionaryact言夕卜形為inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印歐語系infinitivemarker不定式標記inflection曲折變化inflectionalmorpheme曲折語素input輸入instrumentalmotivation工具性學習動機intake接受integrativemotivation介入性學習動機interference干擾interlanguage語際語internalize內在化intuition語調labeled(unlabeled)treediagram加標記樹形圖labial唇音LAD語言習得機制languageacquisition語言習得languagebehavior語言行為languagecenter語言中樞l(wèi)anguagefaculty語言機制languagefamily語系languageperception語言感知languageplanning語言規(guī)劃languagevariation語言變異larynx喉laxvowel松元音level層；平面leveloflanguage語言層次lexicalcategory詞類lexicalstructure詞匯結構lexicology詞匯學lexicon詞，匚linearstructure線性結構linguisticdeterminism語言決定論linguisticlateralization語言側化linguisticperformance語言運用linguisticrelativism語言相對論linguisticrepertoire全部語言變體linguistictaboo禁忌語linguistics語言學liquid流音loanword外來詞localization定位locutionaryact言內行為lowvariety低層次變體mannerofarticulation發(fā)音方法matrixclause主句maximofmanner方式準貝Umaximofquality質量準貝Umaximofquantity數(shù)量準貝Umaximofrelation關聯(lián)準貝Umeaning意義meaningfulness有意義meaningrelation意義關系mentalism心理主義mentalistictheory精神論message信息metathesis語音變位MiddleEnglish中世紀英語minimalpair最小對立對ModernEnglish現(xiàn)代英語Monophthong單元音Morpheme詞素morphlogicalrule形態(tài)學規(guī)則morphology形態(tài)學mothertongue母語Movea移動a規(guī)則movementrule移位規(guī)則namingtheory命名論narrowtranscription嚴式音標narrowingofmeaning詞義縮小nasalcavity鼻月空nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化naturalrouteofdevelopment自然發(fā)展軌道negator否定詞neurolinguist神經語言學家neuron神經元no-placepredication空位述謂結構object賓語OldEnglish古英語one-placepredication一位述謂結構optimumage最佳學習年齡oralcavity口腔overextension擴展過度overgeneralization概括過度overtthought有聲思維palatal腭音paralinguistic副語言學的parameter參數(shù)performance語言運用performanceerror語言運用錯誤perlocutionaryact言后行為pharyngealcavity咽月空phone音素phoneme音位phonemiccontrast音位對立phonologicalrule音位規(guī)貝Uphonology音位學phrasalcategory詞組類phrasestructurerule短語結構規(guī)則pidgin洋涇浜語placeofarticulation發(fā)音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多義性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics語用學predicate謂語predication述謂結構predicationanalysis述謂結構分析prefix前綴presprictive(grammar)規(guī)定語法presupposition前提proposition命題prepositionalcontent命題內容protolanguage原始語psycholinguistics心理語言學puberty青春期qualifyingpredication修飾性述謂結構ReceivedPronunciation標準發(fā)音Recursiveness循環(huán)性Reference所指語義referringexpression所指名詞register語域relationalopposites關系反義詞representation表達；呈現(xiàn)representatives闡述類response反應retroflex卷舌音rewriterule重寫規(guī)則roundedvowel圓唇元音SAE標準美國英語sapir-Whorfhypothesis...假設secondlanguageacquisition第二語言習得segment切分成分semanticanomaly語義異體semanticdeviation語義變異semanticbroadening語義廣義化semanticnarrowing語義狹義化semanticshift語義演變semantics語義學semanticstructure語義結構semantictriangle語義三角sense意義sequentialrule序列規(guī)則setting背景；環(huán)境sexistlanguage性別歧視語sibilant咝音simplesentence簡單句Sino-Tibetan漢藏語系situationaldialect語域方言sociolect社會方言sociolinguistics社會語言學softpalate軟腭species-specificcapacity物種特有能力specifier指示語spectrograph頻譜儀speechact言語行為speechvariety言語變體S-structure表層結構standardlanguage標準語stem詞干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structuralconstituency結構成分性structurallinguistics結構主義語言學subject主語subordinatepredication主從述謂性結構subscript下標subvocalpredication無聲言語suffix后綴superordinate上坐標詞suprasegmentalfeature超切分特征surfacestructure表層結構synchroni