2020考研英語復習資料

SectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER(40points)1AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin￡220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollowvillageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture”washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforaTheytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotapanacea.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandwashesoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisiticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainsA"townofculture"couldnotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethat“atownofculture”awardcouldconsolidatethetown-citytiesinBritainpromotecooperationamongBritain'stownsincreasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stownsfocusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturaleventsAccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightregardedbysomeasasensiblecompromise.aself-deceivingattempt.aneye-catchingbonus.aninaccessibletarget.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifitendeavourstomaintainitsimage.meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.bringsitslocalartsmitstoitslong-termgrowth.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresentacontrastingcase.asupportingexample.abackgroundarelatedtopic.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?SkepticalObjectiveFavourableCritical包括伊薇特?庫珀(YvetteCooper)在內的一群工黨議員在新年之際，呼吁設立一個英國“文化小鎮(zhèn)”的獎項。他們提議該獎項應與現有的“文化之城稱號”(cityofculturetitle)并駕齊驅。2017年赫爾(Hull)舉辦的文化之城活動，將2021年文化之城的稱號授予了考文垂(Coventry)201322,000Epnplofuu190（g）2008陷入一種無休止地自我慶賀的狂熱模式。在“文化城鎮(zhèn)”之后，誰知道接下來又會發(fā)生什么——文化村？文化郊區(qū)？還是文化哈姆雷特？Text2ScientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintScientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.thecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthisuniversitylibrariesnotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethanf900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethanf210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearchbothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodiesInsomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.thenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese"articlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofScientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecauseitsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincreaseitsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessfulitspaymentforpeerreviewisreduceditscontentacquisitioncostsnothingAccordingtoParagraphs2an