2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.demurB.divisionC.complianceD.discern2.單選題Mansonwasascientistofunusual（）andimaginationwhohadstartlingsuccessin（）newandfundamentalprincipleswellinadvanceoftheirgeneralrecognition.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.restiveness,acknowledgingB.precision,coordinatingC.candor,dispellingD.insight,discerning3.單選題Evenbytighteningthepursestringsandcutting（）spendingotherthan（）necessities,theaverageBeijingresidentwouldstillneedatleast25yearstobuyanapartment,thelatestreportshows.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.out,onB.off,onC.out,forD.down,for4.單選題（）sentfromFloridaforallthechildreninCabinSix.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.AcrateoforangeswereB.AcrateoforangewereC.AcrateoforangewasD.Acrateoforangeswas5.單選題Don’tgetmixedupinany（）business.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.funnyB.mistyC.foggyD.behind6.單選題Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.todefinecorporationsandfirmsB.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcollegesC.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirementsD.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.corporations’B.graduatingstudents’C.smallfirms’D.employers’問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.StudentsB.EmployersC.EmployeesD.Engineers7.單選題Iquizmyselfonceinawhile:HowmanyofficialSouthAfricanlanguagescanIname?Thereareeleven-Afrikaans,English,Ndebele,Pedi,Sotho,Swazi,Tsonga,Tswana,Venda,Xhosa,andZulu—butIusuallyget（1）aroundsixorseven.IoftenwonderhowtheSouthAfricangovernmentcan（2）themall.Itturnsoutthattheyreallycan’t.Manylanguagesareregulatedbysomekindofauthority,suchasSpain’sRealAcademiaEspanola(agovernmentbody)orFrance’sAcademieFrancaise(moreofanoutsideadvisor).SouthAfrica’selevenlanguagesareallregulatedbythechronicallyunderfundedPanSouthAfricanLanguageBoard,agovernmentaldepartment.Englishisinnodanger,ofcourse.Afrikaansismostlyregulatedbyaseparatebody.Asaresult,PanSALBconcernsitselfmostly（3）thenineofficialBantulanguages,aswellasKhoi,SanandSouthAfricanSignLanguage.IwrotelastweekthatliteratureinsouthernAfricanlanguagesis（4）beforeeverhavingachancetobe（5）.Yes,therearesocialandhistoricalreasonswhyliteraturedevelopmenthasbeen（6）.Butsomeblamerests（7）PanSALB,thesoleinstitutiondedicatedtotheselanguages.Itisrepeatedlyaccusedofcorruptionandmismanagement.Duringarecentinquiry,itwasuncooperative.Theparliament’sculturecommitteehasvotedtoreducefundingforPanSALBuntilit“gotitshousein（8）”,afterwonderingaloudinAprilhowitsbudgetof56mrand($6.9m)producedsolittle.ThandileSunduza,thechairwomanofthecommittee,thinksitbesttoeliminatePanSALBaltogether,sayinginMay“Thereisnothingthathasbeendone-noprogram,nothing,anymoney.Thereisnothing.”Tobesure,mismanagementis（9）inSouthAfrica’sgovernment.EvenifPanSALBwereabletoproducetextbooksin,say,Pedi,recenteventssuggestthattheywouldnever（10）ittoPedi-speakingstudentsinLimpopoprovince.Butforinfantliteratures,PanSALB’sincompetencecouldbefatal.PanSALBistheonlymajorfundingandsupportlifelineformanySouthAfricanlanguages.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.stuckB.caughtC./D.mad問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.keepaneyeonB.keepaneyeatC.keeptrackofD.keeptrackon問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.toB.onC.withD.of問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.slowB.sickC.boomingD.decent問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.goodB.healthyC.vulgarD.popular問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.downB.goneC.slowD.developed問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.withB.toC.onD.upon問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.orderB.timeC.financeD.full問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.rareB.respectedC.dissectedD.endemic問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.makeB.bringC.takeD.seek8.單選題The（）inDavid’scharacterhashinderedhimfromadvancinginhiscareer.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.weaknessB.shortcomingC.demeritD.defect9.單選題Ittakesall（）tomakeaworld.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.peoplesB.colorsC.functionsD.sorts10.單選題WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is（）.3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Acascadingfailure.B.Anelectricalcontagion.C.Asevereallergicreaction.D.Anattackbyviruses.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.sarcastic問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplantsB.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitiveC.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplantsD.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.welcomedbyallenergycompaniesB.unattractivetoenergycompaniesC.uselesstopreventsuchablackoutD.harmfultonationalsecurity問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergridB.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpracticeC.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasibleD.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby11.單選題Ididn’treadtheblurb;I（）straightintothefirstchapter.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.divedB.ranC.plungedD.read12.單選題Thesenatorwasaccusedofwafflingonmajorissues.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.vaguingB.stiffeningC.vacillatingD.reshuffling13.單選題Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tobeB.beC.beingD.are14.單選題IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.exertionsB.grittiesC.emulationsD.stretches15.單選題Nick’snewnovelprovesheisn’tjustaflashinthe（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.skyB.panC.houseD.dark16.單選題Thetroopssleptincrampedconditions.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.untidyB.makeshiftC.dirtyD.crowded17.單選題Iwouldratherhavehis（）thanhiscompany.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.roomB.houseC.coatD.assets18.單選題Youarenow（）thebenefitofyourformerthrift.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.reapingB.drawingC.enjoyingD.gaining19.單選題ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.repulsedB.disclaimedC.excoriatedD.redintegrated20.單選題TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.putdownB.putacrossC.putawayD.putout第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demur“異議；反對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)division“除法；部門(mén)；分配；分裂；分割；賽區(qū)”；C選項(xiàng)compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”；D選項(xiàng)discern僅可做動(dòng)詞，意為“覺(jué)察出；識(shí)別；了解；隱約看見(jiàn)；辨別”。句意：不開(kāi)明的獨(dú)裁管理者很少意識(shí)到民主管理的工作團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間嚴(yán)重沖突程度較低的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因：對(duì)異見(jiàn)的少量容忍往往可以防止出現(xiàn)裂痕。rift“裂縫；不和；裂口”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restiveness,acknowledging“難以駕御；倔強(qiáng)”，“承認(rèn)；答謝；報(bào)償；告知已收到”；B選項(xiàng)precision,coordinating“精度，精密度；精確”，“調(diào)節(jié)，配合；使動(dòng)作協(xié)調(diào)；（衣服、家具等）搭配；與……形成共價(jià)鍵”；C選項(xiàng)candor,dispelling“坦白；直率”；“驅(qū)散，驅(qū)逐；消除（煩惱等）”；D選項(xiàng)insight,discerning“洞察力；洞悉”，“覺(jué)察出；識(shí)別；辨別；了解；隱約看見(jiàn)”。句意：作為一位科學(xué)家，馬里遜具有非凡的洞悉力和想象力，遠(yuǎn)在某些全新的基本原理被人們普遍認(rèn)識(shí)之前，他早就能夠成功地令人吃驚地將其察覺(jué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。3.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。cutout“刪去，割掉，裁剪”；cutoff“截止，中斷供應(yīng)，使死亡”；cutdown“削減，縮短，砍倒”。句意：最新的一份報(bào)告顯示，即便是精打細(xì)算，減少生活必需品以外的支出，北京居民平均仍需要至少25年的時(shí)間才能買(mǎi)到一套房子。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。acrateof“一箱；一筐”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化要看有多少crate，多于一箱的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；被修飾的名詞的變化還要看這個(gè)名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果可數(shù)且為單/復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的用單/復(fù)數(shù)。題中orange“橘子”為可數(shù)名詞。句意：從佛羅里達(dá)寄來(lái)了一箱橘子給6號(hào)船艙的所有孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】A【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)funny“有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的”；B選項(xiàng)misty“模糊的；有霧的”；C選項(xiàng)foggy“有霧的；模糊的，朦朧的”；D選項(xiàng)behind“在……的后面；朝……后面”。根據(jù)固定搭配funnybusiness“見(jiàn)不得人的活動(dòng)，不規(guī)矩的事，不道德的行為”可知該題選funny。句意：不要卷入任何不道德的行為中。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開(kāi)篇為我們介紹corporations的一些特點(diǎn)：corporations提供各種類(lèi)型的工作；平均每年有超過(guò)500家corporations會(huì)派面試人員去高校找尋合適的高校畢業(yè)人才；大公司有相對(duì)完善的職工培訓(xùn)和退休機(jī)制，每年的年產(chǎn)值能創(chuàng)造出上千個(gè)工作崗位。接下來(lái)說(shuō)明大企業(yè)也有一些缺陷，這些缺陷正是小公司的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在，為此作者還詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了這些優(yōu)勢(shì)的具體表現(xiàn)。文章最后舉例說(shuō)明與大企業(yè)相比較，小公司對(duì)畢業(yè)生而言的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文通過(guò)比較論證讓我們更加清楚什么是corporation。A選項(xiàng)“定義corporations和firms”；B選項(xiàng)“展示公司和大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“告知求職者有關(guān)的就業(yè)要求”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“為大學(xué)生描述公司”正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最適合工作的地方，因?yàn)樗鼈兊恼Ｔ鲩L(zhǎng)、員工退休和人員流動(dòng)每年在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了成千上萬(wàn)的工作機(jī)會(huì)。）”可知大企業(yè)工作機(jī)會(huì)很多。A選項(xiàng)“他們只雇傭大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“他們可以提供很多工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確；C選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谌珖?guó)有很多子公司”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的職位需求很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第五句話(huà)“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他們的薪水通常很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，晉升和認(rèn)可的機(jī)會(huì)甚至比大公司還要大。）”。由此可知這里是拿大公司的薪水與小公司的薪水相比。A選項(xiàng)“公司的”；B選項(xiàng)“畢業(yè)生的”；D選項(xiàng)“老板的”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“小公司的”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成為一個(gè)小池塘里的大魚(yú)，比你爬上一個(gè)公司巨頭競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最激烈的階梯更快地到達(dá)另一個(gè)高層位置。）”可知小公司提供的職位比你想要的還高。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能沒(méi)有必要送人上大學(xué)”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的員工可能會(huì)升職更快”；D選項(xiàng)“他們供不起員工上大學(xué)”文章都有提到，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能提供你需要的職位”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。5.主旨大意題。從文中第一段說(shuō)很多大企業(yè)去校園進(jìn)行招聘并述說(shuō)了你在大或者小企業(yè)里各自所獲他們各自的工作優(yōu)勢(shì)，可知本文是想給那些學(xué)生尤其是即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生介紹一些有關(guān)大企業(yè)和小公司的特點(diǎn)，為他們就業(yè)提供更多參考。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生”；B選項(xiàng)“雇主”；C選項(xiàng)“員工”；D選項(xiàng)“工程師”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:C第4題:B第5題:B第6題:C第7題:A第8題:A第9題:D第10題:A【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)getstuck“被卡住”；B選項(xiàng)getcaught“被抓到，被捕”；D選項(xiàng)getmad“變得著迷”。句意：有十一種南非語(yǔ)言——南非荷蘭語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)……，但我通常____六、七種。由此可知雖然有十一種語(yǔ)言，但作者不能記住全部，在6、7種的時(shí)候就卡住了，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。2.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)keepaneyeon“照看，留意，密切注視”；B選項(xiàng)keepaneyeat“密切關(guān)注”；C選項(xiàng)keeptrackof“記錄，與……保持聯(lián)系”；D選項(xiàng)keeptrackon“監(jiān)控”。句意：我常常想南非政府怎么能_____這十一種語(yǔ)言。然而事實(shí)證明，他們也不能。根據(jù)句意可知該處填記錄更符合文意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。3.考查固定搭配。由句子可知空格處應(yīng)填與concern搭配的介詞，關(guān)于concern的搭配有：concernwith“與……有關(guān)，關(guān)心”；concernon“關(guān)注”。句意：因此，語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)主要關(guān)心的是九種班圖官方語(yǔ)言，以及霍伊語(yǔ)、桑語(yǔ)和南非手語(yǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。4.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)slow“慢的，減速的，遲鈍的”；B選項(xiàng)sick“厭惡的，病態(tài)的，不舒服，渴望的，惡心的，生病的”；C選項(xiàng)booming“飛速發(fā)展的，繁榮的，（聲音）低沉洪亮的，奮力撞擊的”；D選項(xiàng)decent“正派的，得體的，相當(dāng)好的”。由下文第二句中的blame（指責(zé)）在于/取決于……可知前文情感基調(diào)是想表明在南非語(yǔ)言有一個(gè)健康發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)之前，其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r并不樂(lè)觀。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。聯(lián)系59題可知，在南非語(yǔ)言有一個(gè)健康發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)之前，其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r并不樂(lè)觀。所以該空應(yīng)填與sick相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)down“不高興的，情緒低落的”；B選項(xiàng)gone“離去的，死去的，神情恍惚的，無(wú)望的，很棒的”；C選項(xiàng)slow“慢的，減速的，遲鈍的”；D選項(xiàng)developed“發(fā)達(dá)的（國(guó)家或地區(qū)），成熟的”。句意：文學(xué)語(yǔ)言發(fā)展____有歷史和社會(huì)原因。根據(jù)上文可知該空應(yīng)填的詞義為“緩慢”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。7.考查固定搭配。restwith“在于/取決于”。句意：但有些人要怪罪于唯一致力于這些語(yǔ)言的機(jī)構(gòu)——語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。8.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inorder“整齊，秩序井然，按順序，狀況良好”；B選項(xiàng)intime“及時(shí)，適時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)finance“財(cái)政，財(cái)政學(xué)，金融”；D選項(xiàng)infull“全部，全額，充足”。文中是指該組委會(huì)應(yīng)該清理干凈自己的房子，即將自身腐敗和管理不善的問(wèn)題逐一解決。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。9.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rare“稀有的，稀薄的，半熟的”；B選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的”；C選項(xiàng)dissected“切開(kāi)的，分開(kāi)的，多裂的”；D選項(xiàng)endemic“地方性的，風(fēng)土的”。句意：很肯定的是，管理不善這一問(wèn)題是南非政府的一項(xiàng)地方性通病。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。10.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。上文說(shuō)到語(yǔ)言委員會(huì)有能力為說(shuō)佩迪語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生制作教材，但是最近的事件表明他們不會(huì)給林波波省那些說(shuō)佩迪語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生制作學(xué)習(xí)教材。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。8.【答案】D【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness“指人性格、品行方面的弱點(diǎn)，或體制、組織、設(shè)計(jì)等方面的缺陷（強(qiáng)調(diào)弱點(diǎn)）”；B選項(xiàng)shortcoming“指某人或某事物所存在的不足或缺陷，通常用復(fù)數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)demerit“是很正式的詞語(yǔ)，表示事物的缺點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)defect“指事物的缺點(diǎn)或人性格上的缺點(diǎn)，一般指較大的缺點(diǎn)、缺陷。”某某人的shortcoming是可以改的；但是某某人的weakness是需要那個(gè)人自己去克服；shortcoming只能用來(lái)指人的缺點(diǎn)；weakness可以用在人以外的東西上。句意：大衛(wèi)性格上的缺陷阻礙了他在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)peoples“人；人類(lèi)；民族；公民”；B選項(xiàng)colors“彩色；顏料；臉色”；C選項(xiàng)functions“功能；智能；函數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sorts“種類(lèi)；程度；品質(zhì)；把……分類(lèi)，整理；區(qū)分；挑選”。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.是一句諺語(yǔ)，意為“一種米養(yǎng)百種人”，表示世界是形形色色的人所組成的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。10.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:B第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對(duì)這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，一種過(guò)敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“連鎖故障”；B選項(xiàng)“電傳染病”；D選項(xiàng)“病毒攻擊”說(shuō)法都不正確，只有C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評(píng)論家沒(méi)有正面回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而是用了一些常見(jiàn)的比喻：這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說(shuō)到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個(gè)正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認(rèn)同多數(shù)評(píng)論家的比喻。A選項(xiàng)“積極的”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“消極的”正確；C選項(xiàng)“中立的”以及D選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠”；C選項(xiàng)“讓每個(gè)發(fā)電廠獨(dú)立于其他電廠”和D選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)過(guò)載時(shí)暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個(gè)發(fā)電廠更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠(chéng)然，這樣一個(gè)分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個(gè)放松管制的時(shí)代，能源公司將沒(méi)有什么動(dòng)力聯(lián)合起來(lái)建設(shè)它，尤其是當(dāng)最大的錢(qián)在發(fā)電上的時(shí)候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項(xiàng)“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)能源公司沒(méi)有吸引力”說(shuō)法正確；C選項(xiàng)“阻止這樣的停電是沒(méi)有用的”以及D選項(xiàng)“危害國(guó)家安全”文中均沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來(lái)可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)反復(fù)的練習(xí)會(huì)變得完美”；D選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項(xiàng)“看似現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。11.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)diveinto“迅速把手伸入；投入；一心投入；跳入（指的是跳水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)作，運(yùn)動(dòng)員的那種頭朝下的）”；B選項(xiàng)runinto“遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇見(jiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)plungeinto“投入；跳入（主要指暴力一些的進(jìn)入，比如車(chē)失控沖進(jìn)水里；人郁悶地把頭埋進(jìn)冷水盆里）；突然或倉(cāng)促地開(kāi)始某事；猛沖；使突然陷入；縱身投入”；D選項(xiàng)readinto“曲解；加上另外的意思于；隱藏某種意義”。句意：我沒(méi)有讀簡(jiǎn)介，直接倉(cāng)促地開(kāi)始讀第一章。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。12.【答案】A【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vaguing“模糊的，含糊的，不明確的，曖昧的”；B選項(xiàng)stiffening“變硬，（使）變粘稠”；C選項(xiàng)vacillating“躊躇的，搖擺的”；D選項(xiàng)reshuffling“重新安排，重新排序”。句意：這位參議員被指責(zé)在重大問(wèn)題上含糊其辭。Waffling“優(yōu)柔寡斷的，模糊不清的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。13.【答案】A【解析】考查句式。介詞for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的學(xué)生這么少是不尋常的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。14.【答案】B【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exertion“發(fā)揮；運(yùn)用；努力”；B選項(xiàng)gritty“堅(jiān)韌不拔；多沙”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真（效）（技術(shù)）；模仿（擬）；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；效法”；D選項(xiàng)stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（連續(xù)的）一段時(shí)間；服刑期”。句意：我接納了兩家歐洲俱樂(lè)部，每個(gè)周末都觀看他們的比賽，把工作時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在閱讀有關(guān)他們的博客上，全身心地投入到他們的苦戰(zhàn)中。travail“艱苦勞動(dòng)；煎熬，痛苦，艱辛”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。15.【答案】B【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。aflashinthepan“曇花一現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，多用來(lái)形容某事持續(xù)時(shí)間短”。句意：尼克的新小說(shuō)證明他并不是曇花一現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。16.【答案】D【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)untidy“不整潔的，凌亂的，懶散的，不干凈利落的”；B選項(xiàng)makeshift“臨時(shí)的，權(quán)宜之計(jì)的”；C選項(xiàng)dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，骯臟的，惡劣的，暗淡的”；D選項(xiàng)crowded“擁擠的，塞滿(mǎn)的”。句意：軍隊(duì)在擁擠的條件下睡覺(jué)。Cramped“狹窄的，難懂的，難辨的”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。17.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)room“房間；空間；余地；機(jī)會(huì)；房間里所有的人”；B選項(xiàng)house“住宅；家庭；機(jī)構(gòu)；議會(huì)；某種用途的建筑物”；C選項(xiàng)coat“外套；上衣；大衣；女大衣”；D選項(xiàng)assets“資產(chǎn)；寶貴的人才；有益的品質(zhì)；財(cái)產(chǎn)；有利條件；有價(jià)值的人或物”。ratherhaveone’sroomthanhiscompany“不愿與某人結(jié)伴為伍”，與preferone’sroomtohiscompany同義。句意：我不愿與他結(jié)伴為伍。18.【答案】D【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)reaping“收獲，獲得；收割”；B選項(xiàng)drawing“畫(huà)；拉；吸引”；C選項(xiàng)enjoying“欣賞，享受；喜愛(ài)；使過(guò)得快活”；D選項(xiàng)gaining“增加；利潤(rùn)；收獲；獲得；賺到”。根據(jù)固定搭配gainthebenefit“得到益處/好處”可知該題選gaining。句意：你現(xiàn)在正受益于你以前的節(jié)儉。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。19.【答案】B【解析】考查近義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)repulse“驅(qū)逐；憎惡”；B選項(xiàng)disclaim“否認(rèn)，拒絕；放棄，棄權(quán)；拒絕承認(rèn)”；C選項(xiàng)excoriate“嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)難；擦破……的皮膚”；D選項(xiàng)redintegrate“使復(fù)原；重建；使更新”。句意：這是西班牙天然氣公司第三次嘗試在西班牙快速鞏固的電力行業(yè)中與大型合作伙伴結(jié)盟，2005年被Endesa公司拒絕，2003年被Iberdrola公司拒絕。rebuff“斷然拒絕”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。20.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)putdown“記下，寫(xiě)下，鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項(xiàng)putacross“圓滿(mǎn)完成；使被接受；解釋清楚”；C選項(xiàng)putaway“收起來(lái)，放好，儲(chǔ)存，打消”；D選項(xiàng)putout“熄滅；伸出；使不高興/憤怒/不安”。句意：這位主席很顯然被Jim的話(huà)給激怒了，瞪了他幾秒鐘。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy（）payrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.what2.單選題Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.reinforces,pronouncementsB.advances,aphorismsC.belies,platitudesD.undermines,judgments3.單選題Wecarriedout（）checksonthevehiclesbeforetheyleavethedepot.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.spotB.potC.rainD.coat4.單選題Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.collidedB.savagedC.crumbledD.hampered5.單選題Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.hairgripB.hairpieceC.hairlineD.hairstyle6.單選題WhenhewontheprestigiousCulturalPrizeinGermanyin1994,“itwasreportednowhereinBritain,”hesays,soundingratherpiqued.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.annoyedB.satisfiedC.excitedD.humiliated7.單選題Justastheauthor’sbookoneelsisoftenakeytextforcoursesinmarinevertebratezoology,theirideasonanimaldevelopmentandphylogeny（）teachinginthisarea.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.preventB.defyC.replicateD.inform8.單選題Itissometimesdifficultto（）ahappymediuminlife.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.adoptB.makeC.reachD.strike9.單選題Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.treatmentB.boardC.applauseD.comment10.單選題Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.boardB.ballC.homeD.shell11.單選題Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.brokeupB.brokeforthC.brokethroughD.brokeupon12.單選題SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ominousB.foppishC.gregariousD.remunerative13.單選題Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.paroleB.leaveC.bailD.perjury14.單選題ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-day’sflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,ishavingtofighthardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcoininghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.Butitissucceeding,notonlyinexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWestern.Europebutinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChile’stouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyearThestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworld-widecampaign,takingpartintradefairs,andinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararegenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour’sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialistvisitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion’srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandthepoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile’stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUnitedStatesandEurope,whileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile’sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Butt