2023年考研考博考博英語西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英語西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Isittruethatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt?Ididn’tmeantoeavesdropwhatyousaid.Ijust（

）it.問題1選項(xiàng)A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked2.單選題Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.問題1選項(xiàng)A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target3.單選題Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.問題1選項(xiàng)A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible4.單選題Thisisthenursewho（

）tomewhenIwasillinhospital.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accompaniedB.attendedC.entertainedD.shielded5.單選題Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.問題1選項(xiàng)A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brilliant6.單選題Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost;protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbethebestpolicyforelectroniccommerce?2.Incaseanelectronicshopperboughtfaultygoodsfromaforeigncountry,whatcouldhedointhepresentcircumstances?3.Intheauthor’sview,businesseswouldplaceahighpremiumonhonestdealingbecauseintheelectronicworld（

）.

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatinlicensingnewdrugstheFDAintheUnitedStatesis（

）.

5.Theworld“cyberspace”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Self-regulationbythebusinesses.B.Strictconsumerprotectionlaws.C.Closeinternationalcooperation.D.Governmentprotection.問題2選項(xiàng)A.RefusetopayforthepurchaseB.GotothesellerandaskforarefundC.AppealtoconsumerprotectionlawsD.Complainaboutitviaelectronicmail問題3選項(xiàng)A.internationalcooperationwouldbemuchmoreenhancedB.consumerscouldeasilyseekgovernmentprotectionC.agoodreputationisagreatadvantageincompetitionD.itwouldbeeasyforconsumerstocomplain問題4選項(xiàng)A.veryquickB.verycautiousC.veryslowD.rathercareless問題5選項(xiàng)A.theouterspaceB.artificialintelligenceC.thecommercialworldD.computernetworks7.單選題Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto.Andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedatdepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats;moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,shirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouse.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!1.Theauthorbelievesthatpeopleare（

）.2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashionB.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashionC.concernedaboutappearanceinoldageD.satisfiedwiththeirappearance問題2選項(xiàng)A.confidenceinlifeB.individualdressC.individualhairstyleD.personalfuture問題3選項(xiàng)A.uniformB.unknownC.variedD.inexplicable問題4選項(xiàng)A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality問題5選項(xiàng)A.CareaboutappearanceinformalsituationsB.FashioninformalandinformalsituationsC.IgnoringappearanceininformalsituationsD.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations8.單選題Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe（

）willcontinueintothenextdecade.問題1選項(xiàng)A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule9.單選題Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.問題1選項(xiàng)A.resignB.renewC.recoverD.restore10.翻譯題Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariablelanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearnedanditsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.——onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant,thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.11.單選題（

）,there’sagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn’tusuallystayawayfromwork.問題1選項(xiàng)A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally12.單選題Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）todirectorofthepresident’soffice.問題1選項(xiàng)A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised13.翻譯題Marketingisimportanttoorganizationsandconsumersalike.Ittouchesthelivesofallmembersofsociety.Allthegoodsandservicesyoubuy,thestoreswhereyoushopandtheradioandTVprogramspaidforbyadvertisingaretherebecauseofmarketing.Eachofyouhasbeeninvolvedinmarketingactivitiesatonetimeoranother.Perhapsyouhavetriedtosellausedtextbookbacktothecampusbookstoreortoconvinceyourparentstofinanceaspringvacation.Youmaynothaveknownitatthetime,butyouwereperformingmarketingactivities.Marketingoftenhasspecialimportanceforstudents.Manyofyouwillworkinmarketing——whetherinsales,retailing,advertising,oranotherfieldinafor-profitfirmoranonprofitorganization.Throughthischapteryouwillfindsomeinformationindifferentareasofmarketing—insales,advertising,marketingconcept,marketingmix,marketingresearch,understandingbuyerbehavior,marketsegmentation(細(xì)分)andotherareas.Whatdoesabusinessfirmdoinoureconomy?Reducedtobasics,businesseshavetwomajorfunctions:productionofgoodsorcreationofservicesandmarketingthosegoodsandservices.Tobesuccessfulintoday’scompetitivemarketplace,peopleinbusinessrealizethattheymustfirstdeterminepeople’sneedsandwants,andthenproducegoodsandservicestosatisfythem.Acompany,whetheritisFordMotorCompanyorasmallretailer,isinbusinesstocreatewant-satisfyinggoodsandservicesforitscustomers.Goodsandservicesthatdonotsatisfyconsumersareforcedoutfromthemarket,sinceconsumersdonotbuythem.14.單選題Thenumber30onaroadsign（

）thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.問題1選項(xiàng)A.forecastsB.signifiesC.illuminatesD.characterize15.單選題I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.paidoffB.takenitstollC.madeadifferenceD.shownup16.單選題Weshouldget（

）tothatnewjournal.問題1選項(xiàng)A.asubscriptionB.aprescriptionC.aninscriptionD.aconscription17.單選題Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe“CaroftheFuture”.Theyfeaturedunconventionalstylingandthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.Yet,frankly,mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.Itwillstillgoandstop,butitmaynotburngasoline.Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.Airbagsaren’tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions（碰撞）,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren’tgoingaway,andinfactyoucanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.Betterthansystemstominimize（使減少到最低限度）injuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappeninginthefirstplace.Futurecarsmaybeabletoeliminatemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,tailgatingandsleepiness.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Manyaccidentsarecausedbypeoplefollowingthecarinfronttooclosely.Asearlyasnextyear,you’llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou’reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle.Forcitystreets,expectotherradardevicesthatwillgiveadvancewarningthatthecarinfrontofyouhasslowedsuddenlyandyoushouldsteponthebrakes—orthatmayevenbrakeforyou.Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon’tbetechnicallypossible,andMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars,butsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafe（安全的）systemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisabled.1.Theauthorwasfascinatedbycarsbecause_____.2.Bysay“mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo”(Line-5-6,para.1),theauthormeansthat.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?4.Whatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver’ssystem?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.othersmallboyslikedtoownacaroftheirown,tooB.hereadexoticthingsaboutcarsinhisbrother’smagazinesC.hisoldestbrotherlovedtotakehimtoplacesinhiscarD.hesubscribedtocoolcarmagazines問題2選項(xiàng)A.mycarisfarbetterthanmybrother’swasB.mycarisnotasgoodasmybrother’swasC.notmuchhaschangedintheperformanceofcarssofarD.muchimprovementhasbeenmadeinthedesignofcarsrecently問題3選項(xiàng)A.Theyareinneedoffurtherimprovement.B.Theyaregoingtodisappeargradually.C.Theykillpeopleinsteadofprotectingtheminlow-speedcollisions.D.TheyareastandardfeatureofEuropeancars.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Theywillgiveawarninginadvance.B.Theywillbrakeautomatically.C.Theywilleaseuponthrottle.D.Theywillnotstart.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Peoplewillgiveupallcontroltotheircars.B.Carswillbeabletodrivethemselves.C.Nocarswilleverbreakdownontheroads.D.Carswillallbeequippedwithfailsafesystems.18.單選題IntheU.S.88percentofsmokershasstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis（

）tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.問題1選項(xiàng)A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal19.單選題Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires（

）widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.問題1選項(xiàng)A.alterB.varyC.transferD.shift20.單選題Theytriedtocollectallthepicturestheycould（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.laytheirhandsonB.capitalizeonC.washtheirhandsofD.makethebestof第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。overcome克服；overwhelm淹沒，壓倒；overheard無意聽到；overlook忽視。句意：那家公司要破產(chǎn)了，是真的嗎？我無意偷聽你們說話，只是無意中聽到的。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。2.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。3.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive意為“破壞性的”；liable意為“（法律上）負(fù)有償付責(zé)任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行債務(wù)等時(shí)應(yīng)負(fù)法律責(zé)任或受罰；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；responsible意為“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的，有責(zé)任的”，指能熟練而出色地履行職責(zé)或完成任務(wù)，或在出差錯(cuò)而對(duì)其原因有爭(zhēng)執(zhí)時(shí)承擔(dān)過失。句意：假如這個(gè)項(xiàng)目出了任何問題，我將追究你個(gè)人的責(zé)任。4.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。accompany陪伴，伴隨，通常和介詞“by”搭配；attend出席，照顧，照料，通常和介詞“to”搭配；entertain娛樂，招待，通常和介詞“with”搭配；shield遮蔽，防御，通常和介詞“from”搭配。句意：這就是我生病住院時(shí)照顧我的護(hù)士。只有選項(xiàng)B能和介詞“to”搭配，所以正確。5.【答案】C【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關(guān)注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最體貼的女人。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。6.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段中的內(nèi)容為：答案之一是各國(guó)政府更多地合作：承認(rèn)彼此的規(guī)則。但這需要多年的工作和大量的詳細(xì)規(guī)則。而且許多國(guó)家的規(guī)則對(duì)此來說都太不切實(shí)際了。然而，還有一種選擇。讓電子企業(yè)自己做“監(jiān)管”，畢竟，這樣做對(duì)他們是有利的。句中的“regulation”themselves即self-regulation，因此選A。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的thenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown（新技術(shù)還將使他們更容易在公司讓他們失望時(shí)大聲抱怨）可知D選項(xiàng)“通過電子郵件抱怨”符合題意。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.（在電子商務(wù)中，誠(chéng)實(shí)交易的聲譽(yù)將是一種有價(jià)值的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資產(chǎn)）可知C選項(xiàng)“良好的聲譽(yù)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的一大優(yōu)勢(shì)”符合題意。第4題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.（例如，在線訂購藥品的客戶可能更喜歡從美國(guó)購買藥品，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈攀称匪幤繁O(jiān)督管理局的嚴(yán)格審查；或者他們可能認(rèn)為FDA的規(guī)定過于嚴(yán)格，而選擇從瑞士購買）可知FDA對(duì)藥品的管理非常嚴(yán)格和謹(jǐn)慎，因此選B。第5題:詞義題。文章主要介紹了電子商務(wù)交易存在的問題，故cyberspace與electroniccommerce（電子商務(wù)）和theelectronicworld（電子世界）有關(guān)，而電子商務(wù)、電子世界是通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的，因此選D。7.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句話提到“很少有人滿足于自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人會(huì)忽視潮流”（Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion），選項(xiàng)B“絕不會(huì)忽視潮流的東西”符合題意。第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段提到時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告試圖說服我們?cè)谔囟ǖ膱?chǎng)合穿特定的衣服，表現(xiàn)出特定的禮儀。在他們看來，這樣做會(huì)讓我們更加自信地去結(jié)識(shí)新的朋友（Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidently）。因此可以推斷出時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告將時(shí)尚與自信聯(lián)系在一起，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起時(shí)尚改變的原因是什么？有時(shí)候是因?yàn)榉奖慊蛘邔?shí)際需要或者因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)人的影響”（Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion），由此可以看出，引起時(shí)尚變化的原因是多方面的，無法確定的，選項(xiàng)C“多樣的”符合題意。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)比以前自由、簡(jiǎn)單，不需要跟他人穿著一樣。你可以穿你喜歡穿的衣服，做你喜歡做的發(fā)型，不是因?yàn)檫@些流行，單純因?yàn)橄矚g。（Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion），由此可知，現(xiàn)在重視的是“個(gè)性”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。第5題:推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到衣服發(fā)型可以出于自己的喜好進(jìn)行選擇，不必考慮是否流行，也不需要隨大流。最后一段提到在正式的場(chǎng)合還是需要注重儀表，接著舉了一些例子來說明穿衣服應(yīng)該分清場(chǎng)合。選項(xiàng)A“正式場(chǎng)合需要注重儀表”符合題意。8.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。emergency緊急情況，突發(fā)事件；trend趨勢(shì)，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule時(shí)間表，日程安排。句意：全世界的犯罪活動(dòng)一直在增加，我們有充分的理由相信這一趨勢(shì)將持續(xù)到下一個(gè)十年。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。9.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resign“辭職，放棄”；renew“更新”；recover“恢復(fù)”；restore“恢復(fù)，還原”。句意：由于兩國(guó)不能放棄他們的不同之處，他們決定相互宣戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。10.【答案】文化是國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中最具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素之一。特定社會(huì)成員的這種習(xí)得行為模式系統(tǒng)是由一系列動(dòng)態(tài)變化的語言、宗教、價(jià)值觀和習(xí)俗、美學(xué)、技術(shù)、教育和社會(huì)制度不斷塑造而成的。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要真實(shí)的文化和用于解釋文化的知識(shí)。在某種程度上，事實(shí)知識(shí)可以習(xí)得，而文化的解釋只能來源于經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在處理文化環(huán)境的問題時(shí)，最復(fù)雜的問題是來自于一個(gè)人無法學(xué)到文化——他必須置身其中。商業(yè)世界中存在著兩種關(guān)于如何處理文化多樣性的思想流派。一種是認(rèn)為全世界的商業(yè)都是公事公辦，像百事和麥當(dāng)勞一樣。在某些情況下，全球化是無法改變的事實(shí)，然而，文化差異還遠(yuǎn)沒有融合。另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，企業(yè)必須根據(jù)不同的文化來調(diào)整經(jīng)營(yíng)模式。在每個(gè)國(guó)家制定政策和程序被比作器官移植，關(guān)鍵問題在于接受與否。國(guó)際經(jīng)理面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保拒絕接受不是文化近視甚至眼盲的結(jié)果。11.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。ideally“理想地”；principally“主要地”；presumably“大概”；originally“原始地”。句意：她沒來可能是有原因的，因?yàn)樗ǔ２粫?huì)擅離崗位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。12.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。push“推”；purchase“購買”；promote“提升”；promise“承諾”。句意：格林先生最近升任為董事長(zhǎng)辦公室主任了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。13.【答案】市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷對(duì)組織來說很重要，對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來說也同樣重要。它涉及所有社會(huì)成員的生活。你購買的所有商品和服務(wù)，購物的商店，以及通過廣告付費(fèi)的廣播和電視節(jié)目，都是源于市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷。你們每個(gè)人都曾或多或少地接觸過營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)。也許你試圖把一本用過的教科書賣給校園書店，或者說服你的父母為你的春節(jié)假期提供資金。你當(dāng)時(shí)可能不知道，但你確實(shí)在進(jìn)行營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)。市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷對(duì)學(xué)生來說往往具有特殊的重要性。你們中的許多人將在營(yíng)利性公司或非營(yíng)利性組織從事市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷工作，無論是銷售、零售、廣告推銷還是其他領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)過這一時(shí)期，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的一些信息，如銷售、廣告、營(yíng)銷概念、營(yíng)銷組合、市場(chǎng)調(diào)研、消費(fèi)者行為分析、市場(chǎng)細(xì)分等其他領(lǐng)域。企業(yè)在我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)中扮演什么樣的角色呢？從根本上來說，企業(yè)有兩個(gè)主要功能：生產(chǎn)商品或創(chuàng)造服務(wù)，以及對(duì)這些商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷。為了在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)中取得成功，商界人士意識(shí)到他們必須首先確定人們的需求，然后生產(chǎn)商品和服務(wù)來滿足這些需求。任何一家公司，無論是福特汽車公司還是一家小型零售商，都致力于為客戶創(chuàng)造滿足需求的商品和服務(wù)。無法讓消費(fèi)者滿意的商品和服務(wù)將被市場(chǎng)淘汰，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者不會(huì)購買。14.【答案】B【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。forecast預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)示；signify；表示，意味著；illuminate闡明；.characterize具有...的特征。句意：路牌上的數(shù)字30表示限速30英里每小時(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。15.【答案】A【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關(guān)系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。句意：我很高興的聽說你找到了工作，在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報(bào)。只有選項(xiàng)A符合語境。16.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。subscription“捐獻(xiàn)，訂閱”；prescription“藥方，指示”；inscription“題詞，銘文”；conscription“征兵”。句意：我們應(yīng)該訂閱那本新雜志。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。17.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D第5題:B【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.”和許多其他小男孩一樣，我對(duì)汽車很著迷，尤其是因?yàn)槲业母绺缡莻€(gè)汽車迷，訂閱了《汽車與司機(jī)》和《汽車趨勢(shì)》等很酷的雜志。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“和其他男孩一樣想擁有自己的車”和原文不符，作者只是說自己和其他男孩一樣對(duì)汽車著迷；選項(xiàng)B“作者在哥哥的雜志上讀到有關(guān)汽車的新奇事物”符合原文；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)D是作者哥哥訂閱的雜志而不是他自己，所以錯(cuò)誤。第2題:語義題。這句話的意思是“我的車不能做任何我哥哥的車所不能做的事”。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容“Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon'tsteeritcarefully.”它前進(jìn)，它停止，它燃燒汽油，它播放音樂。我仍然需要操縱它，如果我不小心操縱，它仍然會(huì)撞到東西。以及第二段首句“Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.”但你猜怎么著？所有這些都可能在不久的將來發(fā)生變化。也就是說，到目前為止，汽車的性能并沒有發(fā)生改變，它還是需要人來操控。所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.”考慮到最近的新聞，安全氣囊在低速碰撞中偶爾會(huì)使人喪生，顯然安全氣囊仍然需要一些改進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。選項(xiàng)B與原文“Buttheyaren’tgoingaway.”不符；根據(jù)第二句中的關(guān)鍵詞“occasionally”可知，選項(xiàng)C表述太絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“alcohol”定位到倒數(shù)第四段“Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.”例如，汽車可以配備傳感器，檢測(cè)駕駛員身體中的酒精含量，從而防止汽車啟動(dòng)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D“它們不會(huì)啟動(dòng)”正確。第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon'tbetechnicallypossible...”汽車最終能自動(dòng)駕駛嗎？沒有理由認(rèn)為這在技術(shù)上是不可能的。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars.”沒有人真的希望人們完全放棄對(duì)汽車的控制，所以選項(xiàng)A不正確；選項(xiàng)C和D在文中沒有提及。18.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的”；liberal“自由主義的，慷慨的”；irrational“不合理的，無理性的，荒謬的”；illegal“非法的，違法的”。句意：在美國(guó)，88%的煙民十八歲之前就開始抽煙，盡管將煙售賣給未成年人是不合法的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。19.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改變，更改；vary改變，變化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變；shift轉(zhuǎn)移，變換。句意：希望、目標(biāo)、恐懼和欲望在男人和女人之間、富人和窮人之間大不相同。這幾個(gè)詞都有改變的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意為“在...之間變化、有差異”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。20.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。layone’shandson意為“找到，得到，傷害”；capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物，從某事物中獲利”；washone’shandsof意為“洗手不干，退出、不參與”；makethebestof意為“充分利用”。句意：他們?cè)噲D收集所有他們能找到的照片。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Whenhiscontractwas（

）unexpectedly,hedesperatelyneededanewjob.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated2.單選題Our（

）talkspromisedagoodfutureforourcooperation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible3.單選題Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.問題1選項(xiàng)A.lessenB.diminishC.decreaseD.reduce4.單選題Democraticgovernmentisaphrasethatisnotoriouslyhardto（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.creditB.defendC.modifyD.define5.單選題Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo（

）himtoyournotice.問題1選項(xiàng)A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate6.單選題TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.問題1選項(xiàng)A.detectsB.exploitsC.featuresD.survive7.單選題Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnologyB.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfiresC.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfiresD.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities問題2選項(xiàng)A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.B.isstillalerttothefireproblemC.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexpertsD.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem問題3選項(xiàng)A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadultsB.AmericanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessonsC.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStalesD.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency問題4選項(xiàng)A.ArchitectureandbuildingmaterialsB.EducationandtechnologyC.LawsandattitudeD.Alloftheabove問題5選項(xiàng)A.developingnewtechnologyB.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressureC.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamilyD.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances8.單選題TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.問題1選項(xiàng)A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys9.單選題Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill（

）formanyyearstocome.問題1選項(xiàng)A.conceiveB.clutchC.cherishD.contrive10.單選題Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.問題1選項(xiàng)A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability11.單選題AKoreanmanufacturerhas（

）usapricetenpercentlowerthanyours.問題1選項(xiàng)A.referredB.offeredC.gaveD.told12.單選題When