2023年教師資格（中學(xué)）-英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力（初中）考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪會(huì)有時(shí)，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。2023年教師資格（中學(xué)）-英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力（初中）考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.單項(xiàng)選擇題(共15題)1.Whataspectofvocabularyistrainedinthefollowing?→←Theteacherasksstudentstoreadthefollowingpassagetotellthewriter'sattitudeto-wardsthewomanheisinterviewing.Tall,tannedanddebonair,HazelHendersonisanunlikelyrevolutionary.Shegreetsmewithawarmsmileandordersaportoftea,unlikethewell-heeledmatronsstayingatthiscomfortablehotel.A.registerB.connotationC.collocationD.constitution2.Mobileofficeisthemutualproductofeconomic,scientific,andsocialprogress.Mobileofricehasbecomeasolutionthatprovidesuserswithconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytimeviathesupportofmobileinterconnectionplatform(MIP)anditsapplicationssystems.Whenyouleaveyourofficetoattendmeetingsortravelonbusiness,whatwouldhappentoyourbusinessroutine?Ofcourse,faxesande-mailswouldbestillsenttoyourfaxmachineore-mailbox,butyoucan'treadthemandmakepromptreactiontimely.Whenyourclientsneedyoutomakesomeurgentmodificationsonyourworkandyouareneitherintheofficenorcarryingrelevantdocuments,whatcanyoudo?Maybeyouhavetosay"sorry"totheclients.But,yourbusinesswillbeaffected,theclientswillbeunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofyourdelay,andyouwilllosealotofbusinessopportunities.Infact,veryfrequently,youneedtocheck,reply,distribute,display,modify,orreadsomematerialswhenyouarenotinyouroffice.Youmustgetoutofthisdilemma.Thebestsolutiontonormallyhandleyourbusinessanywhereanytimeandnottodisappointyourclientsistoletyouroffice"move"withyou.Thus，youcanhaveconvenient,prompt,safe,reliable,andreasonablypricedcommunicationsandofficefacultyanywhereanytime.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,networkapplication,andwirelessinterconnection,mobileofficehasbecomesimplerandsmaller,andevencanberealizedviaonemobilephonewithdatacommunicationsfunction.Thus,mobileofficehasalreadybeenputintoyourpocket,andofficemobilityhasbeenrealized.Mobileofficehasprovidedpeoplewithconvenient,casualworkingenvironment,butatthesametime,itstillhassomeunsatisfactoryaspectssuchasmismatchingequipmentinterface(接口，界面)andinadequatebattery.Nevertheless,webelievethatwithtechnicalprogress,peoplecancertainlyovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.Mobileofficewillmakeyourcareerunimpeded,andwillrealizethedreamofcompletelyfreecommunication.Userswillenjoymorecolorfullifeandbetterworkingenvironment,andusers'livingstandard,workingefficiency,andevenenterprises'productionefficiencywillcertainlybeimmenselyraised.Intheeyesoftheauthor,mobileoffice→←.A.hassomefatalshortcomingsB.istooexpensivetoaffordC.wouldberealizedinthefutureD.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages3.JustrecentlythetrusteesofSocialSecurityandMedicareissuedtheirannualreportsontheprograms

futures.Heresonestartlingfact:By2030theprojectedcostsofSocialSecurityandMedicarecouldeasilyconsumeviahighertaxes-athirdofworkersfuturewageandsalaryincreases.Weremortgagingworkersfuturepaygainsforbabyboomersretirementbenefits.ThismattersbecauseSocialSecurityandMedicarearepay-as-you-goprograms.Currenttaxpayerspaycurrentbenefits.Futuretaxpayerswillpayfuturebenefits.Babyboomersretirementbenefitswillcomemostlyfromtheirchildrenandgrandchildren,whowillbetomorrow’sworkers.Consequently,babyboomerschildrenandgrandchildrenfacemassivetaxincreases.SocialSecurityandMedicarespendingnowequals14percentofwageandsalaryincome,reportsElizabethBell,aresearchassistanttoEugeneSteuerleoftheUrbanInstitute,Washington,D.C.By2030,usingthetrusteesvariousprojections,thatjumpsto26percent.Ofcourse,payrolltaxesdontcoverallthecostsofSocialSecurityandMedicare.Still,thesefiguresprovideacrudeindicatoroftheeconomicburden,becausecostsareimposedheavilyonworkersviasometax,governmentborrowingandcutsinothergovernmentprograms.Itcanbearguedthatthecostsarebearable.Thewagegainsinthetrusteesreportscouldprovetoopessimistic.Likeallforecasts,theyresubjecttoerrors.Eveniftheycometrue,theyassumethattomorrow’swageswillbehigherthantoday’s.Productivityincreases;wagesrise.In2030,underthetrustees"intermediate"assumptions,workersbeforetaxincomeswouldbeaboutathirdhigherthannow,saysTomSavingofTexasA&MUniversity.Whatsthecomplaintifworkerslostthroughsteepertaxes-someofthat?Whyshouldnttheygenerouslysupportparentsandgrandparents?Well,maybetheywill.Butthereareatleasttwopossibleflawsinthislogic.Thefirstisthat,onayear-to-yearbasis,wagegainswouldbetiny-lessthan1percent.Whentheyvegottenthatlowbefore,peoplehavecomplainedthattheyre"onatreadmill"andthattheAmericandreamhasbeenwithdrawn.Eventhesegainsmightbedilutedbyfurthertaxincreasestotrimtoday’salreadyswollenbudgetdeficits.Thesecondandmoreseriousthreatisthathighertaxeswouldharmtheeconomy.Theymightdulleconomicvitalitybyreducinginvestmentandtherewardsforworkandrisk-taking.Productivityandwagegainsmightbesmallerthanpredicted.Thenwe’dflirtwiththatdeathspiral:Wedneedstillhighertaxestopaybenefits,butthosetaxesmightdepresseconomicgrowthmore.Onewayoranother,workersmaygetfedupwithpayingsomuchoftheirpaycheckstosupportretirees,manyofwhomwerelivingquitecomfortably.Soweoughttoredefinethegenerationalcompacttolightentheburdenofanagingpopulationonworkers.Theneededstepsareclear:toacknowledgelongerlifeexpectanciesbyslowlyraisingeligibilityagesforSocialSecurityandMedicare;tolimitfuturespendingbycurbingretirementbenefitsforthebetter-off;tokeeppeopleintheproductiveeconomylongerbyencouragingjobsthatmix"work”and"retirement". ThemaintaxbaseforSocialSecurityandMedicareis→

←.A.retirementbenefitsB.thewageandsalaryC.governmentsbudgetD.trusteefund4.Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbomwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual——thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup.ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbytheeasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMark.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasraisedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat→←A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderablyB.thebrainapersonisbomwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligenceC.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson’sintelligenceD.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence5.PassageOneWefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(把...按含爸力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade.Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskillsandwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups,andthisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntocooperate,toshare,andtodeveloptheirleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork;itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest,nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.By"heldback"thewritermeans______.A.madetoremaininthesameclassesB.forcedtostudyinthelowerclassesC.drawntotheirstudiesD.preventedfromadvancing6.Iknownothingabouttheaccident→←Ireadinthepaper.A.exceptforB.exceptwhatC.exceptforthatD.exceptthat7.Ifateachergetsanincorrectanswerfromstudents,itismostappropriateforhimorhertosay"_____"inordertoencouragethem.A.No,Idon'tlikeyouranswers.B.Nonsense,itisnotwhatIwant!C.Youranswerisfarbeyondthepoint.D.Youmissedthepoint,butI'mgladyoumentionedanotherpoint.8.Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposesisfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain"collections"ofinteresting"things"ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored，lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies，butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimalsnaturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespeciesname,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimalsnormalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimalsnaturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworld-widestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haventweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimalsnaturalhabitats. Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimalslifeinzoos?→

←A.Dangerous.B.Unhappy.C.Natural.D.Easy.9.Whichofthefollowingmaybettercheckstudents'abilityofusingagrammaticalstructure?()A.HavingthemworkouttheruleB.HavingthemgivesomeexamplesC.HavingthemexplainthemeaningD.Havingthemexplainthestructure10.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder→←.A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold11.Helooksoldforhisage.Ithinkhemusthave→←alotinthoseyears.A.goneoverB.gonebyC.gonethroughD.gonewith12.Whattypeofsentenceis“Marklikesfiction,butTimisinterestedinpoetry.”?→←A.AsimplesentenceB.AcoordinatesentenceC.AcomplexsentenceD.Noneoftheabove13.What'stheteacherdoingbysaying"Whowantstohaveatry"?→←A.Controllingdiscipline.B.Givingprompt.C.Evaluatingstudents'work.D.Directingstudents'attentiontothelesson.14.Thefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit?"is→←.A.informativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative15.Chinaisdevelopingaruralhealthcareservicesystem;Iamsuremorepeasantswillbenefit→←A.ofwhichB.fromwhichC.inwhichD.aboutwhich第2卷一.單項(xiàng)選擇題(共15題)1.What'stheteacherdoingbysaying"Whowantstohaveatry"?→←A.Controllingdiscipline.B.Givingprompt.C.Evaluatingstudents'work.D.Directingstudents'attentiontothelesson.2.Librarypatronscaneitherhuntthroughthecardfilesorgotothelibrarianiftheyhave→←relatedtobooklistings.A.reviewsB.informationC.inquiriesD.topics3.40yearsagotheideaofdisabledpeopledoingsportwasneverheardof.ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStoke-Mandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportforthedisabled.Inthefirstgamesjusttwoteamsofinjuredsoldierstookpart.Thenextyear,1949,fiveteamstookpart.Fromthosebeginnings,thingshavedevelopedfastTeamsnowcomefromabroadtoStokeMandevilleeveryyear.In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames.Now,everyfouryearstheOlympicGamesfortheDisabledareheld,ifpossible,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames,althoughtheyareorganizedseparately.InotheryearsGamesfortheDisabledarestillheldatStokeMandeville.Inthe1984wheelchairOlympicGames,1064wheelchairathletesfromabout40countriestookpart.Unfortunately,theywereheldatStokeMandevilleandnotinLosAngeles,alongwiththeotherOlympics.TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding,andinprovingthatbeingdisableddoesnotmeanyoucan’tenjoysport.Onesmallsourceofdisappointmentforthosewhoorganizeandtakepartinthegames,however,hasbeentheunwillingnessoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoincludedisabledeventsatOlympicGamesfortheable-bodied.Perhapsafewmoreyearsarestillneededtoconvincethosefortunateenoughnottobedisabledthattheirdisabledfellowathletesshouldnotbeexcluded.BesidesStokeMandeville,surelythegamesforthedisabledwereonceheldin→←.A.NewYorkB.LondonC.RomeD.LosAngeles4.Theboy'sfoolishquestion→←hismotherwhowasbusywithhouseworkandhadnointerestintalking.A.intriguedB.fascinatedC.irritatedD.stimulated5.______helpsstudentsfacilitatetheirprocessofaccumulatingvocabulary，broadeningscopeofvision,andincreasingtargetlanguageexposure.A.ScanningB.ExtensivereadingC.SkimmingD.Intensivereading6.40yearsagotheideaofdisabledpeopledoingsportwasneverheardof.ButwhentheannualgamesforthedisabledwerestartedatStoke-Mandeville,Englandin1948bySirLudwigGuttmann,thesituationbegantochange.SirLudwigGuttmann,whohadbeendriventoEnglandin1939fromNaziGermany,hadbeenaskedbytheBritishgovernmenttosetupaninjuriescenteratStokeMandevilleHospitalnearLondon.Hisideasabouttreatinginjuriesincludedsportforthedisabled.Inthefirstgamesjusttwoteamsofinjuredsoldierstookpart.Thenextyear,1949,fiveteamstookpart.Fromthosebeginnings,thingshavedevelopedfastTeamsnowcomefromabroadtoStokeMandevilleeveryyear.In1960thefirstOlympicsfortheDisabledwereheldinRome,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames.Now,everyfouryearstheOlympicGamesfortheDisabledareheld,ifpossible,inthesameplaceasthenormalOlympicGames,althoughtheyareorganizedseparately.InotheryearsGamesfortheDisabledarestillheldatStokeMandeville.Inthe1984wheelchairOlympicGames,1064wheelchairathletesfromabout40countriestookpart.Unfortunately,theywereheldatStokeMandevilleandnotinLosAngeles,alongwiththeotherOlympics.TheGameshavebeenagreatsuccessinpromotinginternationalfriendshipandunderstanding,andinprovingthatbeingdisableddoesnotmeanyoucan’tenjoysport.Onesmallsourceofdisappointmentforthosewhoorganizeandtakepartinthegames,however,hasbeentheunwillingnessoftheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoincludedisable