重慶市烏江新高考協作體2022-2023學年高一下學期7月期末英語試題（解析版）

2022-2023學年(下)期末學業(yè)質量聯合調研抽測高一英語試題(分數：120分，時間：100分鐘)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFourPlacesNamedAfterScientistsinAntarcticaTherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomeninAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedfor.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemalewhowasinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.1.WhichplaceisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.JonesTerrace. B.MountFiennes.C.FrancisPeak. D.PedenCliffs.2.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones. B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis. D.IrenePeden.3.WhatisspecialaboutIrenePeden?A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.D.Shecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了南極洲四個以做出科學突破的女性科學家命名的地標?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據MountFiennes部分中“8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedforGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.(8202英尺高的Fiennes山位于南極洲最大的島嶼——亞歷山大島上，以GinnyFiennes的名字命名。她在南極洲建立并維護了80英尺高的無線電發(fā)射塔)”可知，Fiennes山是以南極洲無線電發(fā)射塔建造者GinnyFiennes的名字命名的。故選B項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據FrancisPeak部分中“HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(她在西摩島收集的化石幫助她在2021年的一篇論文中得出結論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經有過比現在溫暖得多的氣候)”可知，DameJaneFrancis證明了南極洲以前有過更高的溫度。故選C項。3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據PedenCliffs部分中“TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(他們還使用不同的無線電波頻率來測量南極洲冰蓋的厚度)”可知，IrenePeden的特別之處在于她可以判斷南極洲冰蓋的厚度。故選A項。BAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.4.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.5.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers. B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.6.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.7.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation. D.Interculturalcommunication.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。城市化讓人們越來越難以接觸到自然，但一項新研究發(fā)現城市中的野生自然對人類健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團隊對一座大型城市公園的游客進行調查，發(fā)現與野生自然的互動可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語言，幫助人們認識和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動。該研究呼吁保護城市中的野生自然。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段內容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們越來越難以接近大自然。如果你幸運的話，你住的地方附近可能會有一個袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對天然的地方是罕見的)”可知，文章開頭作者講述了一種現象，在城市里，人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(他們調查了數百名公園游客，要求他們在網上提交一份書面總結，描述他們在公園里與大自然有意義的互動。然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗分為不同的類別)”可知，研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動的活動把游客分類，再根據第四段“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在這320份提交的作品中，一種被研究人員稱為“自然語言”的分類模式開始出現。在對所有提交的內容進行編碼后，有六個類別被認為對游客最重要)”可知，研究人員對參與者提交的內容進行了分類，以便在游客的總結中找到模式，并確定對游客最重要的自然體驗。通過這樣做，他們能夠創(chuàng)造一種“自然語言”，幫助人們認識并參與對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動。選項D準確地反映了這一目的。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第五段內容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命名每一種自然體驗創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語言，這有助于人們認識并參與到對他們來說最滿意和最有意義的活動中。例如，沿著水邊散步的經歷可能會讓一個年輕的專業(yè)人士在周末去公園徒步旅行時感到滿意。在工作日回到市中心，他們可以在午休時沿著噴泉散步，享受一種更居家的互動方式)”可知，本段講述了自然體驗創(chuàng)造一種可用的語言，有助于人們識別并參與對自己來說最滿意最有意義的活動，接下來以一個年輕的專業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說明，去公園時沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿意，回到市中心工作時他可以通過沿著噴泉散步獲得滿足。因此推知，從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗可以呈現不同的形式。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語言，幫助將人類與自然的互動帶回我們的日常生活中。要做到這一點，我們還需要保護自然，這樣我們才能與它互動，”該研究的資深作者彼得·卡恩說。)”可推斷，彼得·卡恩認為在我們與大自然互動之前我們應該先要保護自然。故選B。CWorkingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.“Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationbytestingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwillsampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughtheBritishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD’sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwheretostudymaybeworthhearing,butthoseprofessorsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspendlittleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbled(暴跌)from17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers’meetinginJanuary.Thefirstrankingsareplannedby2021.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobalmarket,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademicswonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospendtheirtimeandmoney,andambitiousuniversitybosseswhowantasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECDresearchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthatemployersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfieldslikeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacestocoastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity’shistory,”saysMrSchleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,evenifnoteverysinglestudent’sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.8.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto__________.A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetotheserviceB.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformanceC.establishanewevaluationsystemforuniversitiesD.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation9.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin__________.A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaffB.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmethodC.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiencyD.thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt10.BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomies,theauthorwantstoshowthat__________.A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfairB.theNobellaureate’sopinionisnotworthhearingC.theBritishrankingspaymoreattentiontotheforeignstudentsD.differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults11.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby__________.A.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeducationB.thefamouscollegesC.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutionsD.shoppersintheglobalmarket【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.C【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了經濟合作與發(fā)展組織(OECD)通過新的方式對大學進行排名，建立新的大學評價體系?！驹斀狻?.推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversitiesisatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),aParis-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthefirstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.(計算出學生和納稅人花在大學上的錢到底得到了什么是一件棘手的事情?，F在，經濟合作與發(fā)展組織（OECD），一個位于巴黎的富裕國家智囊團，正計劃通過首次對大學教學的成功程度進行國際比較，使這項任務變得容易一些)”及第二段“Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,itmaypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsoryeducation.(一旦有足夠多的大學參與其中，它可能會發(fā)布排行榜，顯示每個國家的排名，就像它現在對義務教育所做的那樣)”可推知，OECD項目是為了建立新的大學評價體系。故選C項。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段““Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.(經合組織教育研究主管安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾解釋說:“我們不會想當然地認為，一所大學花的錢越多，它就越好，也不會使用其他衡量質量的替代指標，我們會關注學習成果?！?”可知，OECD組織的評估方法與現有的排名不同在于OECD更加注重學習成果。故選C項。3.推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,tumbledfrom17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotlesscreditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.(例如，在上周公布的英國排名中，雄心勃勃的倫敦政治經濟學院(LondonSchoolofEconomics)從第17位跌至第59位，主要原因是它吸引的外國學生數量令人印象深刻，但與前幾年相比，它獲得的贊譽有所減少)”及“Andchangesinmethodologycanbringsurprisingshifts.(方法上的改變會帶來驚人的轉變)”可推知，這個評級的方法和之前的評級有所不同，而這個例子可能就是要說明這個問題，即，不同的評估方法可能導致不同的排名結果。故選D項。4.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Moreover,saysMrSchleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donothelpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheirundergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavourofbignames,eventhoughthelessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.(此外，施萊歇爾表示，這是一項值得做的工作。他認為，今天的排名并不能幫助政府評估他們給大學教育本科生的錢是否得到了回報。學生們忽略了二流的學校，而選擇了大牌學校，盡管那些不那么大牌的學?？赡芨瞄L教學)”及上文第二段““Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingotherproxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,theOECD’sheadofeducationresearch.(經合組織教育研究主管安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾解釋說:“我們不會想當然地認為，一所大學花的錢越多，它就越好，也不會使用其他衡量質量的替代指標，我們會關注學習成果?！?”可推知，OECD的排名系統可能最受那些雄心勃勃的二流大學歡迎。故選C項。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(節(jié)奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“keptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesC.doesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.NewstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了控制人體生物鐘的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物鐘?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究發(fā)現，控制生物鐘的基因對于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.（人體晝夜節(jié)律的在24小時內組織身體活動的生物鐘有助于一天中血壓和心臟功能的正常變化。）”可知，生物鐘有助于血壓和心臟功能正常變化。故選B項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四種生物鐘基因(PER1)中的一種的雄性老鼠變得不喜歡游泳，患心臟和腎臟疾病的風險更高。）”以及“Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.（與先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，沒有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之間血壓正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI對男性健康有害。故選C項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害。）”可知，生物鐘可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.（研究表明，女性比同齡男性更不可能成為非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物鐘的影響，心臟和腎臟疾病風險可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物鐘”可以作為文章標題。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.____16____.Herearesomepracticalandeffectivestepsyoucanfollow.Remindyourselfwhyyouwrite.Iwritebecauseit’samainaspectofwhoIam.Itsatisfiesmeinawaynothingelsedoes.AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.____17____.AslongasIrememberwhyIwrite,Idon’tfeelenviousofothers.Keepapositivecommentfile.I’velongkeptablurb(簡介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.____18________19____Youknowwhathappenswhenyoudon’tseepeoplepostingabouttheirwritingsuccessesallthetime?Youknownothingaboutthem.Andifyouknownothingaboutthem,youcan’tbeenviousofthem,canyou?Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.Notfocusonwritingonly.Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyaboutit.____20____A.Cutdownonsocialmedia.B.Paynoattentiontootherssuccesses.C.Usingblurbsmakemefeelsatisfiedandrelieved.D.AndIlookatthemwhenIneedanemotionalliftaswell.E.Iwritenotforsuchfinancialreward,butforemotionalreward.F.Therefore,howcanwelearntolivewithitandminimizeitseffects?G.Rechargingyourselfmentallyandemotionallyinturnbenefitsyourwriting.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.A20.G【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了作家如何學會與嫉妒共存，并將其影響降至最低的一些建議?！?6題詳解】上文“Envyisanaturalhumanemotion,andwewriterssufferfromitconstantly.Butifweallowit,ourenvywilleatusupinsideandturnsomethingweonceloved(writing)intosomethingwehatenow.(嫉妒是人類的一種自然情感，而我們作家卻經常遭受嫉妒的折磨。但如果我們允許，我們的嫉妒會吞噬我們的內心，把我們曾經喜歡（寫）的東西變成我們現在討厭的東西。)”說明嫉妒對作家不利，選項F“因此，我們如何學會與之共存，并將其影響降至最低？”與上文構成因果關系，因為嫉妒對作家不利，所以作家們要學會怎樣與之共存。故選F項?！?7題詳解】上文“AlthoughI’mgladtocashwhatevercheckspublisherssendme,thisisnotmypurpose.(盡管我很樂意兌現出版商寄給我的任何支票，但這不是我的目的。)”說明作者的目的不是為了兌現支票，選項E“我寫作不是為了金錢上的回報，而是為了情感上的回報?！背薪由衔?，說明作者寫作的目的不是為了錢而是情感。故選E項?！?8題詳解】上文“I’velongkeptablurb(簡介)filewhereIlistpositivecommentsreviewershavemadeaboutmywork.Iusetheseblurbswhenitcomestimetopromotemywork.IalsoreadoverthemwhenIneedtoremindmyselfthatI’maprettygoodwriter.Itakescreenshots(截屏)ofpositivethingspeoplesayaboutmyworkonsocialmedia.(我一直保存著一個簡介文件，里面列出了評論者對我工作的正面評價。當需要推廣我的作品時，我會使用這些簡介。當我需要提醒自己我是一個很好的作家時，我也會讀一遍。我把人們在社交媒體上對我作品的正面評價截屏。)”說明作者使用簡介來列出對其正面評價，以推廣作品，也用來提醒自己是個很好的作家。選項C“使用簡介讓我感到滿足和寬慰?！背薪由衔?，總結使用簡介使作者感到愉悅。故選C項?！?9題詳解】下文“Sosometimesleavingthesocialmediaalonemighthelpyoureducethechanceofbeingenvious.Livingyourlifeintherealnotthevirtualworldcanremindyouthatyourwritingcareerisaboutyou,notaboutanyoneelse.(因此，有時遠離社交媒體可能會幫助你減少嫉妒的機會。生活在真實而非虛擬的世界中會提醒你，你的寫作生涯是關于你自己的，而不是關于任何人的。)”建議作家要遠離社交媒體，減少嫉妒。選項A“減少使用社交媒體?！备爬吮径沃黝}：遠離社交媒體。故選A項?！?0題詳解】上文“Youshouldbearinmindthattherearemorethingstoyourlifethanyourwritingcareer.Hopefullyyouhavefriendsandfamilywholoveyou.Spendsometimewiththem.Doyouhaveanyhobbiesthatdon’tinvolvewriting,somethingyoudoitsimplybecauseit’sfunandrelaxing?Dothatforawhile.Takeabreakforafewdaysanddon’tfeelguiltyaboutit.(你應該記住，你的生活中有比你的寫作事業(yè)更多的事情。希望你有愛你的朋友和家人?；c時間和他們在一起。你有什么與寫作無關的愛好嗎？你做這些僅僅是因為有趣和放松？這樣做一段時間。休息幾天，不要為此感到內疚。)”建議作家要關注除寫作以外其他的事情，如為了好玩和放松，陪陪朋友和家人，做做其他愛好的事情。選項G“給自己的精神和情感充電反過來對你的寫作也有好處。”承接上文，說明為了樂趣和放松，要做一些與寫作無關的事情，因為有益于寫作。故選G項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IwrotemyfirstnovelwhenIwas22.Itwasamess.Ididn’tknowhowtoproperlyorganizedialoguesandstructureaplot(情節(jié)).Thosewereall____21____.Iplannedtoworkoutlater.Igavethebooktomyfathertoread,andheleftmeavoicemailinafewdayssayingthatitwas____22____andthatIwasgoingtosellitfor$300,000.____23____,andratherquickly,thebookwas____24____byeverypublisherinNewYork.IftherewerealiteraryprizeforMostRejections,Iwouldhavewonit.Iwas____25____:ofcourse,butIknewbetterthantogiveup—writingwasn’taneasyjob,andifthisbookwasn’tmy____26____in,maybethenextonewouldbe.Igotbacktowork.Butthisscenario(劇情)happenedagain:Iwrotebooks...andthentheywouldn’t____27____.Stillmyfather’sfaithinmeneverwavered(動搖),evenifIworkedahostofotherjobs.Someofthejobs,likebeingabookseller,weregreatand____28____tomywritinglife.Some,likesellingoverpricedjeansto12-year-olds,wereonlyinsofarastheywerematerialforfuture____29____.Andtheywere—becauseitfinally_____30_____.Isoldabook!Iwasgoingtomakeitbig!IcompletelyagreewiththemotivationspeakerandauthorJohnMaxwell’swords:“Successfulandunsuccessfulpeopledonotvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesbutintheir_____31_____toreachtheirpotential.”Life’snot_____32_____.Itneverwas,itisn’tnow,anditwon’teverbe.Butdonotfallintotheentitlementtrapoffeelingyouarea(n)_____33_____.Youarenot.Getoveritand_____34_____withit.Andyes,mostthingsaremore_____35_____whenyoubreakasweattogetthem.21.A.facts B.messages C.meanings D.details22.A.practical B.complex C.wonderful D.puzzling23.A.But B.Instead C.Therefore D.Regardless24.A.rejected B.accepted C.abused D.commended25.A.depressed B.amazed C.frightened D.pleased26.A.card B.ticket C.pen D.bill27.A.write B.buy C.work D.sell28.A.unearthed B.taught C.led D.contributed29.A.lives B.decisions C.stories D.jobs30.A.happened B.failed C.made D.passed31.A.request B.order C.recommendation D.desire32.A.sad B.anxious C.hard D.easy33.A.athlete B.loser C.owner D.winner34.A.makeup B.getalong C.giveout D.passaway35.A.challenge B.demanding C.rewarding D.paying【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.B27.D28.D29.C