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初二英語常用介詞的基本用法(II)【本講教育信息】教學(xué)內(nèi)容:常用介詞的基本用法(II)具體過程:(六) 某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配1)beafraidof擔(dān)心beafraidfor替 而擔(dān)心2)beangryabout/atsth,因 而生氣 beangrywithsb.對某人發(fā)怒3)beanxiousfor、比.渴望 beanxiousaboutsth./、匕擔(dān)心4) bedifferentfrom與 不同beindifferentto...%不關(guān)心5) begoodat...擅長begoodfor...對 有益begoodofsb.todosth.友好6) bestrictwithsb.對 嚴格bestrictinsth.7)bepopularwithsb.受至U 歡迎bepopularinsomeplace流行在 bepopularfor因 而流行8)bepleasedwith+n.或what從句;bepleasedat+抽象名詞聽、看到 而高興9) bedisappointedatsth.;bedisappointedwithsb.對 失望10) beknowntosb.;beknownwith+n.或從句;beknownfor因 而著名11) beabsentfrom缺席12) bedevotedto...獻身于 13) beopento...對 開放14) bepoor/clever/expertat.15)besorryfor.替/為 后悔16) berichin...beinterestedin...17) beproudof(takepridein)18)besatisfiedwith/by...besureof/about.19)befondof,befitfor,bebusywithsth.(indoingsth.)20) belatefor,bereadyfor21) besimilarto...;bewrongwith...(七) 以to為中心構(gòu)成的短語的歸納belongto,cometo(蘇醒),lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,referto,turnto,drinkto(為 干杯),objectto(反對),replytotheletter,helponeselfto,sing/dancetothemusic(和著 在 聲中唱/跳),devoteoneselfto(八) 以for為中心構(gòu)成的短語的歸納askfor,callfor(去接某人),carefor(關(guān)心),goinfor(從事),answerfor(對 負責(zé)),sendfor,payfor,praisesb.for(贊揚某人某事),headfor(向 方向移動),searchfor,take...for...(誤以為),leavefor,preparefor(為 準(zhǔn)備),thanksb.for,makeadivefor(向 猛沖),makeupfor(彌補 損失)(九) 以on為中心構(gòu)成的短語的歸納comeon來吧,callon拜訪,passon傳遞,carryon進行下去,liveonsth,靠 生活,dependon依靠,haveon穿著,havepityon同情,lookon...as...把 看作,pushon推動,spyon窺探,switch/turnon旋開,waiton服侍,walkon繼續(xù)走,spend.on...在 上花費時間、金錢,operateon給 動手術(shù),takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌(十)吊尾介詞1) 某些形容詞后接不及物動詞或“v+介”型短語動詞的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介詞。A) fit,easy,hard,good,difficult,comfortable,heavy等形容詞后,常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.B) beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone,beworthytobedone,want/require/needdoing表反射,常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Theproblemisworthdealingwith.Thebookisworthyofbeingreferredto.2) 不及物動詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對象、場所、工具、手段、方式、材料等意義的名詞時常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.aroomtolivein3) 定語從句中,先行詞被一個不及物動詞所修飾,則不及物動詞后要帶介詞,先行詞被“V+介”組成的短語動詞所修飾,介詞常在句尾。e.g.HeistheverymanIjustspoketo.Thisisthelifeheisusedto.4)以what,whose,who,whatever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、表語從句中常出現(xiàn)“吊尾介詞”。e.g.Idon’tknowwhatyoudoitfor.5) 強調(diào)句型和特殊疑問句中由于被強調(diào)部分和疑問詞位置變更,常出現(xiàn)吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時,特殊疑問句常用省簡結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Itisthepoorboythatwegavethebooksto.Whatfor?(為什么?)Whereto?(去哪兒?)Whowith?(和誰去?)6) 被動語態(tài)中“V+介”短語常用吊尾介詞。e.g.Hewaslistenedtocomehere.Hehasneverbeenspokentointhisway.(^一)雙重介詞雙重介詞是兩個介詞的重疊使用,表達兩個介詞共有的更精確更明了的含義,從表達意義的角度分析,雙重介詞用在一個介詞難以全面表達含義的場合,或者是需要從兩個角度來描述其具體意義的場合,一般地,前一個介詞意義含糊,后一個介詞比較具體或從另一個角度對前者進行補充完善。e.g.Newshootswillcomeupfromroundroots.新芽從舊根周圍長出。(from和round同屬地點位置范疇,但一個介詞均不足以全面表意。)Hewon’tcomebackuntilaftersunset.到太陽落山之后他才回來。(until與after同屬時間范疇。)HehastraveledeverywhereexceptinJapan.Waterbegantoflowoutinsteadofintothebottle.(十二)常用介詞辨異about,on,of關(guān)于on多用于慎重的、正式的語言交際場合。常見于“學(xué)術(shù)上”的“論文”或“演說”等題目,可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀,有“論及”之意。about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式,有“述及”之意。of作“關(guān)于”講,表示提及、涉及某人(事)時,只表示事情存在或發(fā)生,并不涉及詳情;有時與about意義相近,但有時意義很不同,常與動詞know、hear、learn(聽說)、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。except,exceptfor,exceptthat,but,besides,besideexcept“除……之外”,指不包括……,后面常接名詞、代詞(人稱代詞常用賓格)還可接介詞短語、副詞和動詞不定式,此時相當(dāng)于but,但不定式常不帶to。exceptfor“除了,只有”,意思和except一樣,主要指說明基本情況后,在細節(jié)上加以修正,后面常接名詞性短語。exceptthat"除了,只是”,意思和except、exceptfor一樣。但在用法上,主要指其后常接名詞性從句,也可接when、where等詞引導(dǎo)的其它從句。but所含"除……外”的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞(主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問代詞)之后。besides表示“除……外還有”,所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外,besides可用作副詞,相當(dāng)于also,有“而且,加之,何況”之意。beside也是介詞,表示“在附近”,只不過形似besides,容易相互混淆。【對比】如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語時,就用except,否則就用exceptfor。e.g.Thisbookhasnoblunderexceptafewmistakes.Thisbookisinterestingexceptforafewmistakes.(前面無同類詞語)Everyoneofus,excepthim,wenttoseetheexhibition.形容詞解釋:(一) 只能用作定語,不能用作表語的形容詞:little,wooden,golden,many,elder不能說Theboyislittle。thewatchisgolden/wooden(二) 只能用作表語,不能用作定語的形容詞:well,ill,alone,content,unable,worth,afraid,alive,asleep,ashamed,awake,aware.anillboy,analonevillage就是錯的短語,anillidea"壞點子”ill當(dāng)定語時是轉(zhuǎn)義了,不是“有病的”了。(三) 表示倍數(shù)常用的句型:HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.IamtwiceasoldasyouIamtwiceolderthanyou.Iamtwicetheageofyou.MybooksaretwiceasmanyasyoursChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.(四) 與動詞有區(qū)別,表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的形容詞:open,dead,still靜,一動也不動,常修飾動詞sit,standThedoorisopen/closed.不要選opened或close.有特殊意義的形容詞有:closed關(guān),close的形容詞的意思是“近”,不是“關(guān)”。near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多數(shù)(五) very修飾原級、形容詞、副詞,修飾v-ing,放在名詞前表示強調(diào)。much修飾動詞,修飾比較級最高級,修飾過去分詞。(六) 以-ly結(jié)尾的詞一般是副詞,但有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞,如:lonely,friendly,Theytalkinafriendlyway.lovely,ugly,silly,likely,deadly(七) 在be,seem及物當(dāng)主語的look,taste,smell,feel,sound,appear等動詞后用形容詞,Ilookedattheflower.Theflowerlooksbeautiful.Heappeared(出現(xiàn))suddenly.Heappeared(顯得)happy.(八) 表示主語長期的靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),不強調(diào)動作的sit,stand,lie接形容詞quiet,silent,still,red,peaceful等ThevalleylayquietandpeacefulShesatsilent.Theystoodstill.(九) become,fall,get,go,turn表示”變得”時后跟形容詞.Theleavesfell/got/went/turnedyellow.Itfell/got/went/turnedcold.(十)present表示“出席的,到場的”的時候常放在名詞后,thememberspresent表示“現(xiàn)在的”則放在名詞前thepresentmembers(十一)live有時可用作形容詞:alivefish活魚(形容動物,不形容人)ThebroadcastcomestoyoulivefromBeijing.實況轉(zhuǎn)播Thatwireislive.電線是帶電的。lively生動的,活潑的Hisclassisoftenlively.(十二)the+adj表示一類人,是復(fù)數(shù)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.theblind/wounded/young/old(十三)多個形容詞作定語時的位置:排列順序大致為:all/quite/such/rather限定詞(包括冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞等)+描繪形容詞(短詞在前,長詞在后)+特征形容詞(包括大小、形狀、新舊、年齡等)+顏色形容詞+類屬形容詞(包括專有形容詞和材料質(zhì)地形容詞)+名詞性定語(包括動名詞)+名詞。Itissuchacharminglittleshortoldroundyellow…如:冠……抽……大……高……老……形……色……Frenchoakwritingtable.
……國.……材……用為方便背誦,特簡化成9字訣:抽大高,老形色,國材用抽:即抽象性質(zhì)如beautiful,wonderful,terrible之類較空泛的詞。大:big,little,small高:tall,high,short,low老:old,new,young形:square,round等色:white,black,brown,red,gray,green,blue等國:出產(chǎn)地方,往往是國家的形容詞。漢語總是把產(chǎn)地排前,其它置后:中國美酒材:wooden,plastic,brick,silk,wool等材料,很多是名詞用:物品的用途writing,fishing,walking,swimming用來寫字的,釣魚的,走路的,游泳的,往往是動名詞。Shehasajacket.(leather,brown,beautiful)Hehasacar.(long,red,American)Theyliveinahouse.(old,beautiful)Wehaveatable,(antique,small,wooden)Hehasajumper,(lovely,red,woollen)Shehasaring.(fabulous,new,diamond)Itwasasong.(French,old,lovely)Heownsa dog.(black,horrible,big)Sheboughtascarf.(gorgeous,pink,silk,)Isawafilm.(fantastic,new,British)Answer:beautifulbrownleatherjacket.longredAmericancar.beautifuloldhouse.smallantiquewoodentable.lovelyredwoollenjumper.fabulousnewdiamondring.lovelyoldFrenchsong.horriblebigblackdog.gorgeouspinksilkscarf.fantasticnewBritishfilm.注:上述原則不是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的,要把普遍真理與特殊實際結(jié)合起來。一般說來,“抽……色,國,材,用”的位置是較確定的,“大,高,老,形”則不太確定,它們有時歸類于“抽象”的一大類,在抽象的大詞類中按短詞在前,長詞在后的原則甚至按照讀音舒服順口原則排列。例:atallintelligentyoungChineseofficer一個聰慧的個子很高的年輕的中國軍官【模擬試題】(答題時間:50分鐘)(一)Thisboxisthatone.A.heavythanC.heavierassoheavythanA.heavythanC.heavierasD.asheavyas
shouldbe.B.aspoliteaspossiblyD.aspolitelyaspossiblythanthatone.shouldbe.B.aspoliteaspossiblyD.aspolitelyaspossiblythanthatone.aspoliteaspossibleaspolitelyaspossibleThisbookisthatone,butasdifficultas;expensiveasmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveasdifficultas;moreexpensivemoredifficultas;asexpensiveIthinkthestoryisnotsoasthaterestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinterestingHisfatherbegantoworkhewassevenyearsold.asoldas B.asearlyas C.sinceD.whileIthinkscienceis_thanJapanese.A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportantThispencilis___thanthatone.A.longest B.long C.longer D.aslongMymotherisnoyoung.A.shorter B.longer C.little D.fewThesechildrenare thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretaller C.verytallerD.muchtallerItwasveryhotyesterday,butitis___today.A.evenhotter B.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhotMrsBlackhasgotinsteadofgettinganybetter.A.morebad B.alittleworseC.muchbadly D.alotofworse(三)Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith___students.A.quiteafew B.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquiteThehouseis smallforafamilyofsix.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.soThroughthewindowwecanseenothingbut buildings.A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall What’syourbrotherlike? Heis.A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschoolThejacketwassothathedecidedtobuyit.A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheapOurclassroomislargerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much(四)Theearthisabout asthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig
Yourroomismine.A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeofC.biggertwicethan D.astwicelargeasYourroomisthanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimesHisfatheristhanhismother.A.olderfouryears B.asfouryearsolderC.fouryearsolder D.biggerfouryears(五)Mathsismorepopularthan.A.anyothersubject B.allthesubjectsC.anysubject D.othersubjectChinaislargerthaninAfrica.A.anyothercountry B.othercountriesC.theothercountry D.anycountryTomisstrongerthaninhisclass.D.otherboyA.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy(六)Whenspringcomes,itgets.A.warmandwarm B.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmer D.shorterandshorterByandby,A.moreandmoreC.manyandmanyAtlasthebegantocryA.hardandhardC.harderandharderstudentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.B.muchandmuchByandby,A.moreandmoreC.manyandmanyAtlasthebegantocryA.hardandhardC.harderandharderstudentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.B.muchandmuchD.lessandleastWhenspringcomesthedaysgetA.short;longB.morehardandmorehardD.lesshardandlessharderandnights.B.long;shortC.longer;shorter(七)Ilikeit.D.shorter;longer1.Ilookatthepicture,A.Thebest;themore B.Themore;thelessC.Themore;less D.More;themorehereadthebook,hegotinit.Themore;themoreinterestingTheless;themoreinterestingThemore;themoreinterestedMore;moreinterestedyoucomeback,itwillbe.A.Thequicker;thebestC.Faster;thebetterB.Thesooner;thebetterD.Thesooner;better(八)Ilikeoneofthetwobooks.
Ilikeoneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.olderWhichiscountry,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelarger3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.largerD.largestC.small(九)D.smaller1.WhichdoyoulikeA.wellB.better,teaorcoffee?C.bestD.most2.ThisworkisA.difficultformethanforyou.mostdifficultmuchdifficultD.moredifficultWhichdoyouthinktastes,thechickenorthefish?A.good B.betterC.bestD.wellTheGreatPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonceA.higher B.highest C.hightooD.morehighA.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.olderWhichiscountry,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelarger3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.largerD.largestC.small(九)D.smaller1.WhichdoyoulikeA.wellB.better,teaorcoffee?C.bestD.most2.ThisworkisA.difficultformethanforyou.mostdifficultmuchdifficultD.moredifficultWhichdoyouthinktastes,thechickenorthefish?A.good B.betterC.bestD.wellTheGreatPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonceA.higher B.highest C.hightooD.morehighDon’tyouthinkitnottowritetheletter?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.good(十)Whojumpedofall?A.farB.farther C.farthest D.themostfarLiLeiisstudentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallestThefifthorangeisofall.Giveittothatsmallchild.A.bigB.bigger C.thebiggerD.thebiggestWhoisofyouthree?A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldest D.olderTomisoneofboysinourclass.A.tallest B.tallerC.thetallestB.thetallEnglishisoneofspokenintheworld.A.theimportantlanguagesC.mostimportantlanguageBeijingisoneofinChina.A.thelargestcityC.thelargercitiesthemostimportantlanguagesthemostimportantlanguagethelargecitiesthelargestcities(十二)A.areB.is C.hasD.have2.likeplayingfootballandwatchingTV.A.Mostboys B.Mostofthey C.Mostboyareherewateringtheflowershere.A.Some B.Someoftheboys C.Someboyhaven’tbeentoAmerican.D.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.MostofthemD.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.Mostofthem(十三)1.ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.Nootherflower B.NoanotherflowerNototherflower D.NotallflowersThetreeisinthegarden.A.thetallerB.thetallestC.tallerthanofall D.tallMarystudiesharderinherclass.A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirl C.thantheotherD.thananyone(十四)Whichis,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strong B.strongestC.stronger D.thestrongestWhichlanguageis,English,FrenchorJapanese?A.easyB.themosteasyC.theeasiesto D.muchmoreeasyWhichisinteresting,science,mathsorEnglish?A.moreB.themostC.veryD.tooWhichcityis,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?A.beautiful B.morebeautifulmuchmorebeautiful D.themostbeautifulWhichmonthis,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottest D.thehottest(十五)Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingMike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingC.somethingimportant,Thereisintoday’snewspaper.A.interestingsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanythingB.importantanythingD.anythingimportantB.nothinginterestingC.interestinganythingD.anythinginteresting—Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingMike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingC.somethingimportant,Thereisintoday’snewspaper.A.interestingsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanythingB.importantanythingD.anythingimportantB.noth
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