生活質(zhì)量量表實(shí)測(cè)手冊(cè)

臺(tái)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展暨施測(cè)手冊(cè)DevelopmentandinstructionoftheWHOQOL-BREFTaiwaneseinterviewversion臺(tái)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組中華民國(guó)九十六年臺(tái)語(yǔ)版發(fā)展小組成員：〔依姓名筆劃排序〕王榮德 國(guó)立臺(tái)灣大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院職業(yè)病與工業(yè)衛(wèi)生研究所教授姚開(kāi)屏 國(guó)立臺(tái)灣大學(xué)理學(xué)院心理學(xué)系副教授蔡益堅(jiān) 行政院衛(wèi)生署國(guó)民健康局人口與健康調(diào)查研究中心鐘智文 國(guó)立臺(tái)灣大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院職業(yè)病與工業(yè)衛(wèi)生研究所兼任助理教授謝清麟 國(guó)立臺(tái)灣大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院職能治療學(xué)系教授研究期間提供意見(jiàn)及協(xié)助之臺(tái)語(yǔ)文學(xué)專家：〔依姓名筆劃排序〕李勤岸 國(guó)立臺(tái)灣師範(fàn)大學(xué)臺(tái)灣文化及語(yǔ)言文學(xué)研究所助理教授吳國(guó)禎 TNT寶島新聲廣播電臺(tái)主持人林憐利 財(cái)團(tuán)法人李江卻臺(tái)語(yǔ)文教基金會(huì)董事陳豐惠 財(cái)團(tuán)法人李江卻臺(tái)語(yǔ)文教基金會(huì)總幹事鄭良偉 國(guó)立交通大學(xué)電信工程學(xué)系教授本研究小組感謝以下對(duì)此研究有貢獻(xiàn)之人員：〔依姓名筆劃排序〕MarkMarley〔翻譯者〕TingYeh〔翻譯者〕林仁雅〔研究助理暨訪員〕林儷真〔訪員〕張復(fù)聚〔翻譯者〕張主憫〔研究助理暨訪員〕梁慧雯〔翻譯者〕陳俊求〔臺(tái)語(yǔ)教學(xué)工作者〕鄭芳芳〔錄音人員〕簡(jiǎn)啟文〔研究助理暨訪員〕特別感謝以下提供受訪者作實(shí)地問(wèn)卷訪談的機(jī)構(gòu)及醫(yī)院：一、臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞之研究臺(tái)灣大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附設(shè)醫(yī)院臺(tái)北馬偕醫(yī)院新竹馬偕醫(yī)院埔里基督教醫(yī)院彰化基督教醫(yī)院臺(tái)中市立復(fù)健醫(yī)院高雄醫(yī)學(xué)大學(xué)附設(shè)中和醫(yī)院嘉義基督教醫(yī)院屏東基督教醫(yī)院羅東博愛(ài)醫(yī)院花蓮門諾醫(yī)院臺(tái)東基督教醫(yī)院二、臺(tái)語(yǔ)版問(wèn)卷之定義驗(yàn)證研究臺(tái)北市立廣慈博愛(ài)院臺(tái)北市立浩然敬老院內(nèi)政部中區(qū)老人之家內(nèi)政部東區(qū)老人之家內(nèi)政部南區(qū)老人之家三、臺(tái)語(yǔ)版問(wèn)卷之心理計(jì)量特性驗(yàn)證研究臺(tái)北縣立仁愛(ài)之家 基隆市立仁愛(ài)之家 內(nèi)政部北區(qū)老人之家財(cái)團(tuán)法人臺(tái)灣省私立臺(tái)北仁濟(jì)院附設(shè)仁濟(jì)安老所 翠柏新村老人安養(yǎng)中心臺(tái)北市兆如老人安養(yǎng)護(hù)中心 財(cái)團(tuán)法人臺(tái)北市私立愛(ài)愛(ài)院內(nèi)政部中區(qū)老人之家 臺(tái)中市立仁愛(ài)之家內(nèi)政部南區(qū)老人之家 臺(tái)南市天主教仁愛(ài)修女會(huì)附設(shè)老吾老養(yǎng)護(hù)中心高雄市政府社會(huì)局仁愛(ài)之家 財(cái)團(tuán)法人臺(tái)灣省私立高雄仁愛(ài)之家內(nèi)政部東區(qū)老人之家 財(cái)團(tuán)法人宜蘭縣私立蘭陽(yáng)仁愛(ài)之家財(cái)團(tuán)法人宜蘭縣私立天主教弘道仁愛(ài)之家贊助單位：國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院計(jì)畫(huà)名稱：醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生中生活品質(zhì)與本錢效性之研究計(jì)畫(huà)編號(hào)：NHRI-EX92-9204PP、NHRI-EX93-9204PP、NHRI-EX94-9204PP、NHRI-EX95-9204PP聯(lián)絡(luò)人：謝清麟教授地址：臺(tái)北市徐州路17號(hào)4樓國(guó)立臺(tái)灣大學(xué)職能治療學(xué)系聯(lián)絡(luò)方式：〔02〕3322-8177 傳真：〔02〕2351-1331電子信箱：clhsieheq\o\ac(○,C)臺(tái)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷〔臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷〕的版權(quán)屬於世界衛(wèi)生組織及臺(tái)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明版版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組所有。歡迎各研究者依規(guī)定免費(fèi)使用本問(wèn)卷，但請(qǐng)?jiān)谑褂们跋忍罴谋臼謨?cè)內(nèi)所附的使用同意書(shū)〔詳?shù)?2頁(yè)〕通知本發(fā)展小組。目錄第一章臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展暨介紹 1一、簡(jiǎn)介 1二、問(wèn)卷發(fā)展過(guò)程 2三、問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容及施測(cè)方式 4四、問(wèn)卷計(jì)分方法 5五、其他注意事項(xiàng) 6第二章臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之心理計(jì)量特性驗(yàn)證 8一、研究流程 8二、受訪者 9三、題目與範(fàn)疇分?jǐn)?shù)之描述性統(tǒng)計(jì) 11四、信度分析 12五、效度分析 14六、臺(tái)語(yǔ)版與臺(tái)灣中文版問(wèn)卷之一致性分析 20七、結(jié)論 21第三章臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之訪談手冊(cè) 23一、適用對(duì)象 23二、訪員要求 23三、訪談所需設(shè)備 23四、訪談方式 23五、訪談過(guò)程 24六、訪談時(shí)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題 34參考文獻(xiàn) 41

附錄 43附錄一：臺(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容 43附錄二：臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容 49附錄三：各機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)參與初評(píng)受訪者之統(tǒng)計(jì)表 60附錄四：各機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)參與再評(píng)受訪者之統(tǒng)計(jì)表 61附錄五：臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之使用同意書(shū) 62圖表目錄表目錄TOC\h\z\t"標(biāo)號(hào)"\c表1.1：四大類型五點(diǎn)量尺所選用的臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞 2表1.2：各範(fàn)疇內(nèi)的所屬題目之題號(hào)及各範(fàn)疇分?jǐn)?shù)的計(jì)算 5表2.1：受訪者之人口學(xué)特性［人數(shù)〔百分比〕］ 10表2.2：臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷題目與範(fàn)疇分?jǐn)?shù)之描述統(tǒng)計(jì) 11表2.3：各範(fàn)疇及問(wèn)卷整體之內(nèi)部一致性值 12表2.4：各題目之再測(cè)信度值 13表2.5：各範(fàn)疇之再測(cè)信度值 13表2.6：各題目與所屬範(fàn)疇分?jǐn)?shù)之相關(guān) 14表2.8：各題目與G1、G4及自覺(jué)個(gè)人健康情況之相關(guān) 16表2.9：各範(fàn)疇與G1、G4及自覺(jué)個(gè)人健康情況之相關(guān) 16表2.10：各範(fàn)疇之區(qū)辨效度 17表2.11：臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷與臺(tái)灣中文版之題目間一致性分析 20圖目錄圖2.1：受訪者選取流程圖..……………..………9圖2.2：四個(gè)範(fàn)疇之驗(yàn)證性因素分析.…………...….18圖2.3：四個(gè)因子之驗(yàn)證性因素分析〔26題〕……19圖2.4：臺(tái)語(yǔ)版與臺(tái)灣中文版範(fàn)疇分?jǐn)?shù)之Bland-Altmanplot……..22圖3.1：臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREE問(wèn)卷之訪談流程圖…………….24圖3.2：受訪者練習(xí)如何作答之流程圖…………….28圖3.3：訪談臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷題目之流程圖………29第一章臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展暨介紹一、簡(jiǎn)介「生活品質(zhì)(qualityoflife,QOL)」的概念隨著時(shí)代變化、社會(huì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，以及醫(yī)療水準(zhǔn)的提升，越來(lái)越受重視ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>姚開(kāi)屏</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">姚開(kāi)屏</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">簡(jiǎn)介與評(píng)論常用的一般性健康相關(guān)生活品質(zhì)量表兼談對(duì)未來(lái)研究的建議</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">測(cè)驗(yàn)?zāi)昕?lt;/style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>測(cè)驗(yàn)?zāi)昕?lt;/full-title></periodical><pages>111-138</pages><volume>47</volume><dates><year>2000</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>1。在臨床，測(cè)量患者的QOL，可用來(lái)定義患者問(wèn)題的優(yōu)先順序、促進(jìn)醫(yī)療溝通、篩選潛在問(wèn)題、促進(jìn)臨床決策之?dāng)M定、以及監(jiān)控病患病情之變化ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Higginson</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Higginson,I.J.</author><author>Carr,A.J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofPalliativeCareandPolicy,King'sCollegeLondonandStChristopher'sHospice,NewMedicalSchool,LondonSE59PJ.irene.higginson@kcl.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Measuringqualityoflife:Usingqualityoflifemeasuresintheclinicalsetting</title><secondary-title>BMJ</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BMJ</full-title></periodical><pages>1297-300</pages><volume>322</volume><number>7297</number><keywords><keyword>ClinicalMedicine/*standards</keyword><keyword>CostsandCostAnalysis</keyword><keyword>DataCollection</keyword><keyword>DecisionMaking</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>OutcomeAssessment(HealthCare)/*methods</keyword><keyword>PatientCareManagement/standards</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>Support,Non-U.S.Gov't</keyword><keyword>TreatmentOutcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2001</year><pub-dates><date>May26</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>11375237</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11375237</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>2。在學(xué)術(shù)研究及衛(wèi)生政策上，QOL可作為醫(yī)藥療效分析，以及衛(wèi)生決策擬定、評(píng)估與分析的參考ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Szabo</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><ref-typename="BookSection">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Szabo,S.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>B.Spiker</author></secondary-authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartamentodePsiquiatriaeMedicinaLegal,FaculdadedeMedicina,UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul,PortoAlegre,RS,Brasil.mfleck.voy@zaz.Br</auth-address><titles><title>TheWorldHealthOrganizationQualityofLife(WHOQOL)assessmentinstrument.</title><secondary-title>QualityofLifeandPharmacoeconomicsinClinicalTrials</secondary-title></titles><pages>355-362</pages><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged,80andover</keyword><keyword>EnglishAbstract</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>FocusGroups</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*MentalHealth</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>PsychologicalTests</keyword><keyword>QualityofLife/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Questionnaires</keyword><keyword>*ReligionandPsychology</keyword><keyword>SelfConcept</keyword><keyword>Spirituality</keyword><keyword>Support,Non-U.S.Gov't</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1996</year></dates><pub-location>Philadelphia</pub-location><publisher>Lippincott-Raven</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12937705</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>TheWHOQOLGroup</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>10</RecNum><record><rec-number>10</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>TheWHOQOLGroup,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>DevelopmentoftheWHOQOL:Rationaleandconcurrentstatus.</title><secondary-title>IntJMentHealth</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IntJMentHealth</full-title></periodical><pages>24-56</pages><volume>23</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1994</year></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9626712</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>3,4。世界衛(wèi)生組織(WorldHealthOrganization,WHO)於1995年發(fā)展出一套一般性QOL測(cè)量工具，即長(zhǎng)篇版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>6</RecNum><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>FieldTrial,WHOQOL-100,February1995:The100questionswithresponsescales</title></titles><dates><year>1995</year></dates><publisher>Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/95.1.D.Rev.1)</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>5(WorldHealthOrganizationQualityofLife,WHOQOL-100)。這份問(wèn)卷主要是測(cè)量個(gè)人主觀感受的健康相關(guān)QOL。隨後為臨床使用方便，WHO將長(zhǎng)篇版簡(jiǎn)化為26題簡(jiǎn)明版ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>TheWHOQOLGroup</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>TheWHOQOLGroup,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>DevelopmentoftheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOQOL-BREFqualityoflifeassessment.</title><secondary-title>PsycholMed</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PsycholMed</full-title></periodical><pages>551-8</pages><volume>28</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1998</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>6(簡(jiǎn)稱WHOQOL-BREF)，並容許各國(guó)發(fā)展出不同語(yǔ)言的版本，進(jìn)而使不同地區(qū)或文化的QOL測(cè)量結(jié)果可相互比較ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>TheWHOQOLGroup</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>TheWHOQOLGroup,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>DevelopmentoftheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOQOL-BREFqualityoflifeassessment.</title><secondary-title>PsycholMed</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PsycholMed</full-title></periodical><pages>551-8</pages><volume>28</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1998</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ResourcesfornewWHOQOLcenters.Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/95.3)</title></titles><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9626712</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><RecNum>7</RecNum><record><rec-number>7</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>WHOQOLstudyprotocol.Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/93.9),1993</title></titles><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>6-8。同時(shí)，WHO也允許各國(guó)參加該文化特有之題目，即外鄉(xiāng)性題目(nationalitems)，以補(bǔ)足WHOQOL問(wèn)卷內(nèi)缺少屬於該國(guó)文化特色之生活品質(zhì)概念A(yù)DDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ResourcesfornewWHOQOLcenters.Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/95.3)</title></titles><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9626712</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>7。目前國(guó)際上已發(fā)展出超過(guò)50種不同語(yǔ)言的版本ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Szabo</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>11</RecNum><record><rec-number>11</rec-number><ref-typename="BookSection">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Szabo,S.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>B.Spiker</author></secondary-authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartamentodePsiquiatriaeMedicinaLegal,FaculdadedeMedicina,UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul,PortoAlegre,RS,Brasil.mfleck.voy@zaz.Br</auth-address><titles><title>TheWorldHealthOrganizationQualityofLife(WHOQOL)assessmentinstrument.</title><secondary-title>QualityofLifeandPharmacoeconomicsinClinicalTrials</secondary-title></titles><pages>355-362</pages><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged,80andover</keyword><keyword>EnglishAbstract</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>FocusGroups</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*MentalHealth</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>PsychologicalTests</keyword><keyword>QualityofLife/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Questionnaires</keyword><keyword>*ReligionandPsychology</keyword><keyword>SelfConcept</keyword><keyword>Spirituality</keyword><keyword>Support,Non-U.S.Gov't</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1996</year></dates><pub-location>Philadelphia</pub-location><publisher>Lippincott-Raven</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12937705</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>3，其中包括臺(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-100ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>臺(tái)灣版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>25</RecNum><record><rec-number>25</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展及使用手冊(cè)〔第一修定版〕</style></title></titles><dates><year>2001</year></dates><pub-location><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)北</style></pub-location><publisher><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組</style></publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>9及WHOQOL-BREFADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>臺(tái)灣版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>22</RecNum><record><rec-number>22</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣簡(jiǎn)明版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展及使用手冊(cè)〔第一修定版〕</style></title></titles><dates><year>2001</year></dates><pub-location><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)北</style></pub-location><publisher><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組</style></publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>10〔附錄一〕。然而，當(dāng)臺(tái)灣的老年人填寫(xiě)臺(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷時(shí)，卻面臨到無(wú)法直接填答的困難。因?yàn)榕_(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷設(shè)計(jì)，主要以自填為主，適用對(duì)象需能閱讀問(wèn)卷內(nèi)的中文陳述。但臺(tái)灣約有70%的民眾使用臺(tái)語(yǔ)作為生活語(yǔ)言ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>陳榮安</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>23</RecNum><record><rec-number>23</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">陳榮安</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">國(guó)民政府之語(yǔ)言策略及閩南語(yǔ)〔臺(tái)語(yǔ)〕在臺(tái)灣目前之地位</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">雲(yún)林工專學(xué)報(bào)</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>雲(yún)林工專學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>257-315</pages><volume>10</volume><dates><year><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">1991</style></year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>11，且有超過(guò)一半以上的老年人不識(shí)字或聽(tīng)不懂中文ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>蔡淑鈴</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><ref-typename='JournalArticle'>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface='normal'font='default'charset='136'size='100%'>蔡淑鈴</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface='normal'font='default'charset='136'size='100%'>語(yǔ)言使用與職業(yè)階層化的關(guān)係：比較臺(tái)灣男性的族群差異</style></title><secondary-title><styleface='normal'font='default'charset='136'size='100%'>臺(tái)灣社會(huì)學(xué)</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>臺(tái)灣社會(huì)學(xué)</full-title></periodical><volume>1</volume><number>65-111</number><dates><year>2001</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>12，無(wú)法直接透過(guò)自填式臺(tái)灣中文版問(wèn)卷測(cè)量他們的主觀感受及QOL。因此，發(fā)展『臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷』並透過(guò)訪談方式以測(cè)量這些不識(shí)字或聽(tīng)不懂中文之老年人的QOL，可使臨床或研究全面掌握到這些老年人之QOL變化及影響因素，並有助於政府在老年人長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)和衛(wèi)生政策的擬定、評(píng)估與分析等。

故臺(tái)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)明版世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷發(fā)展小組於2003年展開(kāi)臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展計(jì)劃，以下分別介紹臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷的發(fā)展過(guò)程及其心理計(jì)量特性之驗(yàn)證。最後再介紹臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之施測(cè)手冊(cè)，作為未來(lái)研究者或臨床人員使用臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷施測(cè)時(shí)之參考。二、問(wèn)卷發(fā)展過(guò)程遵循瑞士日內(nèi)瓦WHOQOL研究總部對(duì)於各國(guó)發(fā)展不同語(yǔ)言版本的規(guī)定ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ResourcesfornewWHOQOLcenters.Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/95.3)</title></titles><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9626712</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>7，臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之發(fā)展過(guò)程，可分為四階段：〔一〕、外鄉(xiāng)性量尺語(yǔ)詞的選取；〔二〕、問(wèn)卷翻譯；〔三〕、問(wèn)卷預(yù)試；〔四〕、心理計(jì)量特性之驗(yàn)證。以下分別介紹各階段的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容?！惨弧场⑼忄l(xiāng)性量尺語(yǔ)詞的選取發(fā)展臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷的第一步，需先選取符合外鄉(xiāng)性的臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞。WHOQOL問(wèn)卷的量尺語(yǔ)詞，包括能力、評(píng)估、頻率及強(qiáng)度四類。每類量尺皆為李克氏五點(diǎn)量尺的形式，含兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)用詞〔分別代表0%及100%之程度〕與三個(gè)中間序位量尺語(yǔ)詞〔分別代表25%、50%及75%之程度〕。本研究小組參考WHOQOL研究總部的建議方法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ResourcesfornewWHOQOLcenters.Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/95.3)</title></titles><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9626712</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>7，並透過(guò)專家討論及全國(guó)性訪問(wèn)選出符合四大類外鄉(xiāng)性臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞，以作為臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷使用的量尺語(yǔ)詞。關(guān)於如何選擇臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞之詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)參考簡(jiǎn)啟文等人〔2005〕之研究ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>簡(jiǎn)啟文</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">簡(jiǎn)啟文</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">王榮德</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">姚開(kāi)屏</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">李勤岸</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">謝清麟</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">閩南語(yǔ)世界衛(wèi)生組織生活品質(zhì)問(wèn)卷中量尺語(yǔ)詞之選擇</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="136"size="100%">臺(tái)灣醫(yī)學(xué)</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>臺(tái)灣醫(yī)學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>584-594</pages><volume>9</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>13。表1.1則列出簡(jiǎn)啟文等人〔2005〕研究中所選出的四大類臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞，為發(fā)展臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之基礎(chǔ)。表1.SEQ表\*ARABIC\s11：四大類型五點(diǎn)量尺所選用的臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)詞類型0%25%50%75%100%能力類型完全b?使(完全不能)b?啥會(huì)使(不太能)一半一半(一半一半)會(huì)使(能夠)完全會(huì)使(完全能夠)頻率類型一直攏b?(一直都沒(méi)有)罕tit有(很少有)一半一半(一半一半)時(shí)常有(時(shí)常有)一直攏有(一直都有)強(qiáng)度類型完全b?(完全沒(méi)有)b?啥有(不太有)一半一半(一半一半)大多數(shù)有(大多數(shù)有)完全有(完全有)評(píng)估類型滿意次類型完全b?滿意(完全不滿意)b?夠滿意(不夠滿意)一半一半(一半一半)大局部滿意(大局部滿意)完全滿意(完全滿意)好壞次類型完全b?好(完全不好)b?啥好(不太好)一半一半(一半一半)大局部好(大局部好)完全好(完全好)括號(hào)內(nèi)為各臺(tái)語(yǔ)量尺語(yǔ)詞的中文解釋

〔二〕問(wèn)卷翻譯：當(dāng)外鄉(xiāng)性量尺語(yǔ)詞決定後，本研究小組遵循WHOQOL研究總部所建議的方法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>WorldHealthOrganization</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><ref-typename="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WorldHealthOrganization,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ResourcesfornewWHOQOLcenters.Geneva:WHO(MNH/PSF/95.3)</title></titles><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>ComparativeStudy</keyword><keyword>Cross-CulturalComparison</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Human</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>MiddleAged</keyword><keyword>OutcomeandProcessAssessment(HealthCare)</keyword><keyword>*QualityofLife</keyword><keyword>ReproducibilityofResults</keyword><keyword>*WorldHealthOrganization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year></dates><accession-num>9626712</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>:///entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9626712</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>7，進(jìn)行臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之翻譯過(guò)程。首先，由兩名醫(yī)學(xué)及臺(tái)語(yǔ)文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家，各自將英文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷與兩題來(lái)自臺(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之外鄉(xiāng)性題目翻譯成臺(tái)語(yǔ)。再由四位臺(tái)語(yǔ)文學(xué)專家共組成專家會(huì)議，評(píng)估每個(gè)題目的適切性及與原題意之對(duì)等性，最後彙整出初版的臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷。隨後為檢驗(yàn)受訪者對(duì)此初版的語(yǔ)意之感受是否吻合原先WHOQOL設(shè)計(jì)的題意，故在北中南各地區(qū)的老人之家，以此初版的臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行三次之實(shí)地訪談。共訪談67位，平均年齡約75歲之老年人。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)有43題的語(yǔ)意容易讓受訪者混淆其題意，或不符合原先WHOQOL題目之概念。經(jīng)過(guò)三次專家會(huì)議的討論及修改，並重複進(jìn)行訪談測(cè)試，使這些翻譯後的題目符合WHOQOL原設(shè)計(jì)之意涵。最後再由兩名不熟悉WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷的語(yǔ)言專家〔其母語(yǔ)為英文，但亦熟悉臺(tái)語(yǔ)〕，將臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷由臺(tái)語(yǔ)翻譯為英文，並與專家書(shū)面討論且確認(rèn)臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷與原題意之對(duì)等性，以決定最後預(yù)試版本之內(nèi)容〔見(jiàn)附錄二〕?！踩硢?wèn)卷預(yù)試在臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷預(yù)試之初，本研究小組先進(jìn)行臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷施測(cè)手冊(cè)之編撰〔詳細(xì)內(nèi)容描述於第三章的「臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之訪談手冊(cè)」〕。同時(shí)並由專人錄製標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之語(yǔ)音內(nèi)容，再經(jīng)過(guò)四次專家討論，以確保其音調(diào)之清晰度和正確性。臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷預(yù)試選在北中南東共16家公私立的老人之家進(jìn)行。由受過(guò)訪談?dòng)?xùn)練且熟悉施測(cè)手冊(cè)內(nèi)容的訪員，採(cǎi)用一對(duì)一方式訪談受訪者，共收集到305份有效問(wèn)卷〔詳細(xì)訪談機(jī)構(gòu)名單及人數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)表請(qǐng)見(jiàn)附錄三及四〕。問(wèn)卷預(yù)試之研究設(shè)計(jì)及流程，則見(jiàn)下章節(jié)「臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之心理計(jì)量特性驗(yàn)證」。

〔四〕心理計(jì)量特性的驗(yàn)證為檢驗(yàn)此臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之有效性，本研究小組驗(yàn)證臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷的心理計(jì)量特性，包括信度〔內(nèi)部一致性及再測(cè)信度〕、效度〔內(nèi)容效度、效標(biāo)關(guān)聯(lián)效度、收斂效度、區(qū)辨效度及建構(gòu)效度〕及與臺(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之一致性。詳細(xì)結(jié)果可參考下章節(jié)「臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之心理計(jì)量特性驗(yàn)證」。三、問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容及施測(cè)方式臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容與臺(tái)灣中文版相同，共有28個(gè)題目。前26題是根據(jù)原版WHOQOL-BREF〔即英文版〕發(fā)展而來(lái)，另外再參加二題外鄉(xiāng)性題目(臺(tái)灣中文版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷發(fā)展時(shí)設(shè)計(jì))。詳細(xì)的編排方式可參考「臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之訪談手冊(cè)」之說(shuō)明。在臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷的預(yù)試中，本研究小組另參加七題相對(duì)於健康相關(guān)生活品質(zhì)之六大範(fàn)疇及綜合性的自我評(píng)估滿意度，以作為臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷心理計(jì)量驗(yàn)證之用。每題皆採(cǎi)用一百點(diǎn)視覺(jué)類比計(jì)分表(visualanaloguescale,VAS)作答，其VAS格式請(qǐng)見(jiàn)附錄二之第二局部。然而，此七題VAS不屬於WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷的正式內(nèi)容，故未納入於正式的臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷內(nèi)。但研究者仍可考慮將它們當(dāng)成臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之附帶項(xiàng)目，作為協(xié)助臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷效度之驗(yàn)證。臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷之施測(cè)方式採(cǎi)一對(duì)一訪談方式進(jìn)行，與受訪者自填的臺(tái)灣中文版不同。故進(jìn)行臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷訪問(wèn)時(shí)，訪員需遵循施測(cè)手冊(cè)內(nèi)規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化流程，使用音響〔或CD-player〕播放已錄製好的題目，讓受訪者聆聽(tīng)且答復(fù)。由於連續(xù)播放五個(gè)量尺語(yǔ)詞的時(shí)間稍長(zhǎng)，易使受訪者忘記自己所選擇的選項(xiàng)名稱，故訪員需輔以手勢(shì)比出一至五，以協(xié)助受訪者記憶所選擇選項(xiàng)的順序。另外，假設(shè)受訪者答復(fù)出非臺(tái)語(yǔ)版WHOQOL-BREF問(wèn)卷內(nèi)所提供的五個(gè)量尺語(yǔ)詞時(shí)〔即