被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的講解及練習(xí)題

PAGEPAGE1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的講解及練習(xí)題第一篇：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的講解及練習(xí)題被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)題語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞才能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willbe+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞二．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法:(1)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldEnglishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.(2)不知道或沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.Theproblemisdealtwithnow.(3)當(dāng)說(shuō)話人需要強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀時(shí)Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.三．主動(dòng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變法：口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂變bedone,時(shí)不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。注：1.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。2.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的句式要一致。3.變成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換不被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟1,把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)2,把動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式即“be+過(guò)去分詞”。3,原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ),如果需要就放在by的后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)(因?yàn)閎y是介詞,后面需跟賓格作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。)以指明做事的人或物,如果沒有必要,可以省略。4,其它成分不變5,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中“by+賓語(yǔ)”的省略被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中的“by+賓語(yǔ)”表示及物動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,但是在遇到以下情況時(shí),表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者“by+賓語(yǔ)”常常被省略。(1)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不確定時(shí)Paperismadefromwood.Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.(2)不必表明動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)EnglishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguagesFootballisplayedinmostschools。(3)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為一般大眾時(shí)BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本句式(1)肯定式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+byItwasmadeinBeijingRen'aiEducationInstitute.(2)否定式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+過(guò)去分詞+byShewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.(3)一般疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+by?Wasitmadeofbamboo?(4)特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+byWhatwasismadeof?教你一招如果句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用do/does,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用is/am/are如果句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用did,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用was/were.由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本句式(1)肯定式:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去-Watercanbechangedintoice.SheoughttotidyupherbedroomHerbedroomoughttobetidiedup.YoushouldbuyadictionaryatonceAdictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.(2)否定式:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+be+過(guò)去分詞+byYoumustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustn'tbetakenoutbyyou.Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechildThelittlechildneedn'tbelookedafter(bythem)(3)疑問(wèn)句:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+byCanyouuseit?Canitbeused?常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況:1,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞時(shí)ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.2,當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?Wewillhaveameeting.四．特殊情況的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞+sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)口訣：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，一般變間賓，若把直賓變，to/for間賓連。1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsbHegavemeabookI____________abookbyhim.Abook_____________mebyhim.Mymothermademeacake.I_________acakebymymotherAcake____________mebymymother.2.帶省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞+sb+dosth.口訣：感使動(dòng)詞真叫怪，to來(lái)to去記心懷，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to離去被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to回來(lái)。動(dòng)詞：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watchmakesbdosthsb+be+made+todosthThebossmadetheworkersworkalldayTheworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)doing不變。IheardTomsingingjustnowTom_______________bymejustnow.4.以動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.五．注意事項(xiàng)：1.有些及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,2.不及物動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容納)3.系動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….Thedishtastesgood.4.有些詞組沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellThiskindofskirtsellswell.5.need表示需要時(shí)，后面常接doing形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_______________.6.在too…to…及enoughto…結(jié)構(gòu)中有時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義。Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、選擇題（2×15=30分）()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。（1×20XX0分）(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢)1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.17.Look!Someone__________(dance).三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。（1×30=30分）1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear．3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))It______________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Metal________________________makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))I____________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thelightgreendresses____________________________out.11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.四、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)完成句子，一空一詞。(1×10=10分)①Thenewbike______________________（買給我）bymyparentsasapresentlastweek．②_______yourmobilephone______________________（是國(guó)產(chǎn)的嗎）？③Thewholemountainis__________________(覆蓋)thesnow.五、下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正過(guò)來(lái)。（10分）①Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight．____________②Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass？____________③LeiFeng'snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople．____________④Themusicissoundedbeautiful.____________⑤BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?_____________Answers一、選擇題（2×15=30分）1.B2.D3.A4.C5.6.C7.B8.B9.C10.B11.B12.D13.B14.B15.A二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。（1×20XX0分）(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢)1.willbebuilt2.isbeingdiscussed3.isspoken4.hasn’tbeenfound5.werecut6.aretold7.mustbesent8.aresold9.aremade,aremade10.betaken11.iscleaned12.beseen13.havebeenwatered14.sells15.hasbeen16.smells17isdancing三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。（1×30=30分）1.Do,grow2.isgiventome3.soonis4.willbesung5.needn’tbedone6.isusedfor7.wasmadetodo8.isbeingwatched9.wasbuilt10.havebeensold11.iscalled四、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)完成句子，一空一詞。(1×10=10分)①wasboughtforme②IsmadeinChina③coveredwith五、下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正過(guò)來(lái)。（10分）①bedone改為do②listened改為listenedto③remembered改為wasremembered④issounded改為sounds⑤Bywho改為Bywhom第二篇：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解一、總述：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（TheActiveVoice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice).主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式1)常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式為助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，即bedone。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+given一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+given一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will+be+given過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+given現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+given過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+been+given現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+given將來(lái)完成時(shí)：shall/will+havebeen+given過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should/would+be+given現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/hasbeenbeingdone含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋bedone［注］被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式:在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not構(gòu)成。Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我們學(xué)校不教俄語(yǔ)。3）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)式：把第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前,句尾加問(wèn)號(hào)構(gòu)成。Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上種了許多樹嗎？Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少錢？三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用范圍誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒必要。動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)莫忘了。1.Somestampswerestolenlastweek.2.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.3.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1．主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)練習(xí)：將下列各句改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Heplantstreesinspring.2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．5.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．6.Wearepaintingtherooms.7.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.8.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.9.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.10.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣：賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變，原主變賓by后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。注意：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputer______beenbought.2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)（sb.）+直接賓語(yǔ)（sth.）Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。練習(xí)1：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1）2）Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.練習(xí)2：在橫線上填for或者to.1）Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmade_____me.)2)Themeatwascooked______us.3)Mybikewaslent____her.4)Somecountrymusicwasplayed_____us.5)Thecupwithmixturewasshowed______theclass.注意：有些既不用to也不用for,根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短語(yǔ))3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存在省略to的問(wèn)題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，不要誤把賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ)。如：TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples.誤：Loveappleswerecalledthem.正：Theywerecalledloveapples.五、下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等?！狣oyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第四，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.第六、有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動(dòng)句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被動(dòng)句)六、特殊句式在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：據(jù)說(shuō)……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……Itisreportedthat…據(jù)推測(cè)……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍認(rèn)為……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建議……Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.練習(xí)：1.變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.14.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?2.在橫線上填寫括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式：1)Teenagersshould__________(allow)togooutatnight.2)Thetelephone___________(invent)byBell.3)English____________(speak)inChina.4)Thecar___________(make)inChina.5)Theroommust____________(clean)everyday.3.選擇正確答案1.WhenIgottohisoffice,I__________thathe_________out.A.told,hadbeenB.wastold,wasC.hadtold,wasD.wastold,hadbeen2.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______fortoolong.A.cookedB.werecookedC.hadcookedD.hadbeencooked3.Theanti-Japanesewar______in1937andit______eightyears.A.wasbroken,lastedB.brokeout,lastedC.breakout,lastedD.brokeout,waslasted4.Shewasheard________anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang5.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen7.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use8.Johnhasneverdreamtof_________.A.takentoAthensB.takingtoAthensC.betakingtoAthensD.beingtakentoAthens9.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed10.Thebridge___________willbecompletednextyear.A.builtB.beingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.building11.Itissaidthattigers________inAsiayearafteryear.A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourmother?A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout14.Yournewcomputerwillsoonbecomeoutdated,becausetechnology_______sofast.A.isdevelopedB.isbeingdevelopedC.hasbeendevelopedD.willdeveloped15.Iwon’tgotothepartyunless_________.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.beinvitedD.inviting16.Theproblem________lastweekisveryimportant.A.wasdiscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.bediscussed17.Weshouldkeeptheanimalsfrom________.A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangered18.Therearenorivers_______outoftheDeadSea.A.flowedB.flowingC.beingflowedD.beflown19.Thisplacehasbeendestroyed.Sothereisnobamboo______forpandastofeedon.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.beleft20XXllthepreparationsforthetask________,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted練習(xí)題1)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted3)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken4)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted6)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped7)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed8)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished9)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined10)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome11)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is13)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded14)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercomeC)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome15)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen16)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling17)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon18)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowwhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen18)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeing19)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered20XXogetabetterviewofthestage,____.A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyus22)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated23)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto24)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking25)Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)havinggivenD)tohavegiven26)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknown27)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting28)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbroughtC)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought29)Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelonging30)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opens31)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained32)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)wereconductingB)wereconductedC)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted33)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeentailed34)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewedC)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing35)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild36)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekeptC)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup37)Thecomposition____anymore.A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn'tneedtobecorrectedC)doesn'tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect38)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterdayA)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbedC)robbedD)havingbeenrobbed39)Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.A)willhavesoldB)willsellC)havesoldD)willhavebeensold40)Hecleanedtheglassescarefullyforfearthatit____.A)wasdamagedB)shouldbedamagedC)damagedD)wouldbedamaged用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空Ourdesksandchairs________________(make)ofwood.Thepaperofbooksandnewspapers______also___________(make)fromwood.Evensomekindsofcloth__________________(make)fromit.Manypeople____________(burn)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.Indeed,wood_______(be)importantinoureverydaylife.Where________wood__________(come)from?It________________(take)fromtreeswhich_____________(grow)inthemountains._________you____________(know)howit____________(get)tousfromthemountains?Firstofall,trees___________(cut)downwhenthey______________(grow)bigenough.Thentheirbranches_______________(cut)off，andlogs_______________(make).Theseheavylogs________________(put)togetherindifferentwaysand_________________(take)downtothefootofthemountains.Someofthem_________________(float使漂流)downthesmallriversandothers_________________(carry)downontrains.Bigtrees________________(cut)downinthemountainseveryyear.Thenyoungones______________________(must,plant)sothatwe______always________________(can,have)enoughwood.Wehavetotakegoodcareofmountainssothatthey__________always_________________(may,cover)withgrowingtrees.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)部分練習(xí)題答案：1)C2)A3)A4)C5)D6)D7)C8)B9)B10)B11)D12)C13)D14)B15)B16)C17)A18)A19)B20XX21)C22)D23)A24)C25)A26)C27)A28)C29)C30)A31)B32)C33)A34)C35)A36)B37)B38)B39)D40)B)22第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are+done(過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4）was/weredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)5）hadbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)6）was/werebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)7）shall/willbedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)8）should/wouldbedone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)9）shall/willhavebeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）10）should/wouldhavebeendone過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)與完成時(shí)態(tài))。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(這時(shí)可省by短語(yǔ))。例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.為了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句”或“主語(yǔ)＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō),Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishoped１高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)that…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞與短語(yǔ)，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？3.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞與不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。2．形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3.動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式與名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又與句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)4.在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.6.在therebe…句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，誰(shuí)losttime不明確。）7.在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng),被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前２高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不用冠詞。1.“under+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在討論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過(guò)……、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭長(zhǎng)莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無(wú)法控制），beyondourhope．我們的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過(guò)……、高于……”。例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于……、為著……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在……過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在從事……中”。常見的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受審）。例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示“超出……之外“，常見的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出視線之外），outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在……內(nèi)、不超過(guò)……”。例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission．七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過(guò)去分詞”作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1．如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例Theglassisbroken．（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2．如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例Thedoorislocked．（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)與完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)與完成時(shí)態(tài)。例Themachineisbeingrepaired．八、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題賞析1．高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET20XX)A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling3).Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.（上海春20XX）A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided３高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked2．高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded3）.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.（上海20XX）A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardeve