論文摘要寫作概述

論文摘要寫作概述第一頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五1（一）基本理論知識本課程主要講解科技論文英譯的理論知識，包括英漢句子層面的語言對比，語序的對比，和長難句的處理。掌握科技英語的語言特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)詞規(guī)律、和句法特點(diǎn)。介紹翻譯的基本技巧，直譯、意譯、音譯、綜合譯法。（二）基本技能通過本課程的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐，提高學(xué)生的語言應(yīng)用能力，提高語言表達(dá)的可讀性和準(zhǔn)確性，促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)交流活動，為學(xué)生繼續(xù)深造和從事科學(xué)研究奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。（三）基本素質(zhì)提高英漢兩種語言的應(yīng)用水平、交互翻譯能力、及兩種語言的書面表達(dá)能力，促進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)交流，使學(xué)術(shù)成果共享，更好地服務(wù)于人類的健康和社會進(jìn)步。一、課程目標(biāo)第二頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五2教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時學(xué)分備注第一章英文摘要的概述2W1第二章醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞匯的構(gòu)成

6W3第三章英文摘要的文體

4W2第四章論文標(biāo)題的翻譯4W2二、課程學(xué)時分配第三頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五3教學(xué)內(nèi)容學(xué)時學(xué)分備注第五章研究論文摘要翻譯4W2第六章文獻(xiàn)綜述論文摘要翻譯4W2第七章病例報告論文摘要翻譯2W1第八章摘要翻譯的常見錯誤4W2課程考查

2

w1合計(jì)322W16課程學(xué)時分配第四頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五4Lecture1:IntroductionofresearchpaperwritingsinEnglish:FormatandLanguage

Thecontinuingexpansionofbiomedicalliteratureisoverwhelming.AnanalysisoftheMEDLINEdatabasefoundanaverageannualincreaseof2.8%inthenumberofpublicationslistedeachyear.Bytheyearof2009,thetotalnumberofjournalsindexedbySCIreached7347,amongthosethereare139journalsofChina.Domestically,morethan1000biomedicaljournalsarepublishedinChinese.Manypeopleaskaboutthe“tricksofthetrade”__howtoimproveanarticletoincreaseitschancesforacceptanceinanwell-knownEnglishlanguagejournal.第五頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5語言、期刊數(shù)量語言、所占比列語言、所占比例英語6313（85.9%）一刊多語種688（9.4%）德語84（1.1%）法語61（0.8%）西班牙語53（0.7%）葡萄牙語28（0.4%）波蘭語18（0.2%）漢語16（0.2%）荷蘭語16（0.2%）土耳其語14（0.2%）意大利語11（0.1%）日語11（0.1%）俄語8（0.1%）韓語7（0.1%）羅馬尼亞語5（0.1%）克羅埃西亞4（0.1%）塞爾維亞3（0.0%）立陶宛2思羅維尼亞2捷克語1丹麥語1烏克蘭語12009年7347種SCI期刊的出版語種分布其中中國期刊收錄被收錄的有139種，包括臺灣25種生物醫(yī)學(xué)期刊排序第六頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五6

RankofJournals

ImpactFactors

up/down1.CA:ACancerJournalforClinicians癌74.575↑2.NewEnglandJournalofMedicine新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志50.017↓3.AnnualReviewofImmunology

/免疫學(xué)年評41.059

↓4.NatureReviews:MolecularCellBiology

自然評論：分子細(xì)胞生物學(xué)35.423↑5.PhysiologicalReviews

生理學(xué)評論35

↑最新醫(yī)學(xué)期刊影響因子排序（Top12,2009）第七頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五76.JAMA美國醫(yī)學(xué)會志31.718↑7.Nature自然31.434↑8.Cell細(xì)胞31.253↑9.NatureReviews:Cancer

自然評論：癌癥30.762↑10.NatureGenetics

自然遺傳學(xué)30.259↑11.AnnualReviewofBiochemistry生物化學(xué)年評30.016↓12.

NatureReviewsImmunology免疫學(xué)30.006

↑第八頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五8BasicelementstogetyourpaperpublishedinEnglisha.Subjectmatter--creative,original,curious,influentialb.language–explicit,precise,freefromspellingorgrammaticalerrors,rightuseofpunctuationsc.format–conformedtotheinstructionsforauthors第九頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五9ThreefundamentalmedicalTexttypesCasereportarticlesReviewarticlesResearcharticlesVariationsamongthem第十頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五10Sciencewritingsaredifferentfromfiction,argumentation,prose,orpoeticwritings,orCETcompositions.Aresearchpaperisanutteranceofnarrationorexposition.Ithasaspecificformat,buttheformatisnotexactlythesame.Thereexistvariationsindifferentjournals.InU.S.,U.K.,Australia,Canadianjournals,theformatismorecomplexthanthatinChinesebiomedicalJournals,thelatteradoptedIMRADformatortraditionalabstract,asummary.第十一頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五11英文摘要的類別與組成要素傳統(tǒng)式

Summary:covertstructureofIMRAD結(jié)構(gòu)式IMRADFormat:Objective(s):Method(s):Result(s):Conclusion(s)8-headingFormat:Objective:Design:Setting:Patients:Interventions:Mainoutcomemeasurement:Results:ConclusionBackground/Context:purpose:DataSource:StudySelectionDataExtraction:DataSynthesisConclusionsBackground/Purposes:CaseReport:ConclusionresearchreviewCasestudy第十二頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五12

Fourbasicresearchtypesa.Clinicalresearchb.Basic/observationalresearchc.Epidemiological/cohort-basedresearchd.Operative/surgicalresearchOfcourseyouwanttochooseakeyjournalforyourpapertogethigherimpactfactor.第十三頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五13Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors

No.journal

formatNewEnglandJournalofMedicineIMRADJournalofAmericanMedicalAssociation8-headingTheLancet---U.K.IMRADAnnualReviewofMedicinenoAnnalsofInternalMedicine8-headingArchivesofInternalMedicineIMRADAmericanJournalofMedicineIMRAD第十四頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五14Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors8.BritishMedicalJournal8-heading9.Medicine(Baltimore)nospecific10.Amyloidnospecific11.

ProceedingsoftheAssociationofAmericanPhysicians---no12.JournalofFamilyPractice

8-heading13.AnnalsofMedicine

IMRAD14.JournalofGeneralInternalMedicine

8-heading15.CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal

IMRAD16.JournalofInternalMedicine

8-heading第十五頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五1517.ArchivesofFamilyMedicinenospecific18.JournalofInvestigativeMedicineIMRAD19.MonthlyJournaloftheAssociationofPhysicians

IMRAD20.MayoClinicProceedingsIMRAD21.AmericanJournalPreventiveMedicineIMRAD#22.EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigationIMRAD

23.PalliativeMedicineno.

24.ThejournalofLaboratoryandClinicalMedicine–noTop30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors第十六頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五16Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors25.TheMedicalJournalofAustralia8-heading26.BritishMedicalBulletinno27.JournalofPainandsymptomManagementno28.BritishJournalofGeneralPractice8-heading29.PreventiveMedicineIMRAD30.AmericanJournalofMedicalScienceIMRAD第十七頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五17TheFour-headingformatandthe8-headingformatofthestructuredabstractsIMRADformat

Eight-headingformat1.Introduction1.Objective:Questionaddressed2.Design:thebasicdesignofthestudy3.Setting:thelocationandlevelofclinicalcare2.Methods4.Patients:whoenteredthestudy5.Intervention:exacttreatmentor6.Mainoutcomemeasurement:

第十八頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五183.Results

7.Results:thekeyfindings4.Discussion

8.Concluson:keyconclusions_____________________________________________________________________AbstractAnabstractofyourscientificpaperisdifferentfromtheabstractsentforacongresspresentation.Whatevertheformat,besurethatthewholemessageofyourworkcomesacrossintheabstract,becausethispartofthepaperismostlikelytoberead.ComputerdatabasesuchasPubMed(美國國家醫(yī)學(xué)圖書館),Medline(醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫)publishonlyabstracts.第十九頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五19Youshouldanswerthesequestionsinyourabstract:

Whydidyoustudy?(Introduction)Whatdidyoudo?(Methods)Whatanswersdidyouget?(Results)Whatdoesitmean?(Discussion)第二十頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五20So,vagueorincompleteabstractswillbeoverlookedbytheotherinvestigators.Componentsofanabstract(8-headingformat)Objective:Thispartshouldgiveonesentence,aprecisestatementofwhythestudywasdone,usuallyainfinitiveclause“Toinvestigatetheefficacyof…”.

Design:Typeofthestudy,e.g.doubleblindtrial,experimentalanalysis,prospective/retrospectivestudyshouldbenoted.第二十一頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五21Setting:Tooutlinetheconditionsofthesettingismoreimportantforclinicalresearchpapers,sothatthereaderscanassesstheapplicabilityofthestudytotheirowncircumstances.Thisparagraphshouldstatewhetherthesettingwasacommunity,auniversitydepartment,etc.

Subjectsormaterial:Thetotalnumberofpatients,subjectsoranimalsselected,whichgivesthereaderanideaofgeneralizabilityoftheresults.第二十二頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五22Interventions:Adescriptionofanyintervention,e.g.thedosageanddurationofdrugregimen.MainoutcomeMeasures:Methodsbywhichpatientswereassessedorthesuccessjudgedshouldbementioned.Results:Themainresultsshouldbegiven,togetherwithanoteofexclusionandwithdrawals.Confidenceintervalsandlevelofsignificanceshouldbeindicated.第二十三頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五23Conclusions:Onlythoseconclusionssupportedbythedatathatarepresentedshouldbestated,followedbyashortstatementonthepossibleclinicalapplicationsofthework,bearinginmindthelimitationsofthestudy.第二十四頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五24

PracticePointsPreparingthefirstdraft---Choosealeaderwriter---chooseaworkingtitle“Agoodtitlesellsthepaper”---followthejournal’s“instructorforauthors”---completethefirstdraftinonesetting第二十五頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五25Gettingthemassageacross

---emphasizeinformationbyplacingitattheendofthesentenceorclause---donotprovidelengthyinformationbetweensubjectandverb---providethereaderwithcontextandperspectivebyappropriateuseoftopicposition---movethereaderonbyverbsthathaveasenseofaction第二十六頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五26Context:Endogenoushormones（內(nèi)源性激素）areaprimarycauseofbreastcancer.Adiposity(肥胖)affectscirculatinghormones,particularlyinbreastcancer.

Objective:Toassesstheassociationsofadultweightchangesinceage18yearsandsincemenopausewiththeriskofbreastcanceramongpostmenopausalwomen.

e.g.AdultweightchangeandriskofpostmenopausalbreastcancerfromJAMA第二十七頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五27Design,Setting,andParticipants:ProspectivecohortstudywithintheNurses’HealthStudy.Atotalof87143postmenopausalwomen,aged30to55yearsandfreeofcancer,werefollowedupforupto26years(1976-2002)toassessweightchangesince18years.Weightchangesincemenopausewasassessedamong49514womenwhowerefollowedupforupto24years.第二十八頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五28MainOutcomeMeasure:Incidenceofinvasivebreastcancer.Results:Overall,4393casesofinvasivebreastcancerweredocumented.Comparedwiththosewhomaintainedweight,womenwhogained25.0kgormoresinceage18yearswereatanincreasedriskofbreastcancer(relativerisk[RR],1.45;95%confidenceinterval[CI],1.27-1.66;p<.001fortrend),withastrongerassociationamongwomenwhohavenevertakenpostmenopausalhormones(RR,1.98;95%CI,1.55-2.53).第二十九頁，共三十三頁，編輯于2023年，星期五29Comparedwithweightmaintenance,womenwhogained10.0kgormoresincemenopausewereatanincreasedriskofbreastcanc