2023年高考英語壓軸題訓(xùn)練（江蘇）壓軸題05閱讀理解D（航天與科技類）（解析版）

壓軸題05閱讀理解D

考向分析

綜合近幾年高考對于閱讀理解的能力考查形式，2023年高考對于科普說明文的考查仍

然是重點?？破照f明文一直都是命題人提高閱讀能力的重要考點，因此在近幾年的高考命題

中科普說明文一直都是以壓軸題的形式存在，其中包括研究報告、科學(xué)技術(shù)、社會心理、宇

宙探索、醫(yī)學(xué)報告、語言學(xué)、社會生活等多種領(lǐng)域，體現(xiàn)了閱讀題材的多樣性。

壓軸題要領(lǐng)

熱怠題理五羊F技與舟L天類

1.基本規(guī)律：閱讀理解D篇閱讀文章一般難度都比較大，但命題者設(shè)題的難度并不大。

2.實用解題方法：□某人說的話，或者是帶引號的，一定要高度重視。很有可能就是某個

問題的同義替換。

□有時候每段的第一句話，僅僅是一個表述。而在第2或3句以后，會出現(xiàn)對比或者轉(zhuǎn)折。

一般來說，轉(zhuǎn)折后面的是作者的態(tài)度。要注意的是：作者對什么進行了轉(zhuǎn)折。

□每一個問題，在原文中，都要有一個定位。然后精讀，找出那個中心句或者關(guān)鍵詞。要抓

文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，閱讀理解考的就是這個“中心句

□某人說過的話，有時并不是題眼，但可以從側(cè)面或某個角度來反映作者的觀點，也就是作

者想表達的，正確答案都是和這樣的觀點相一致的。要把握關(guān)鍵詞，有感情色彩的詞。

□注意中心句（即題眼）和前后句子之間的關(guān)系，是接著說的，還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。要把握和前

后句子之間的關(guān)系。是并列關(guān)系的，可以從這些句子里找同義詞；是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，就通過轉(zhuǎn)

折關(guān)系句子里的關(guān)鍵詞的相反意思來判斷。

□注意幾個詞，yet表轉(zhuǎn)折，hardly表否定。while有時是比較，有時也表轉(zhuǎn)折。比較的時

候，注意比較的對象，要弄清楚。轉(zhuǎn)折的時候，你要知道作者對什么進行了轉(zhuǎn)折。

壓軸題速練

押題速練1.12019?新課標(biāo)口】

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromour

bodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspend

hourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It's

turningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCH

highschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelberglead

atFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepast

twoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andthey

thinkthey'reclosetoasolution（解決方案）.“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.Theyhaveto

doitjustlikeNASAengineers,9,saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“TherearenotestsJGordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostareno

grades,otherthan4Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it'sTvegottoproducethis

productandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoan

in-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It5sahardbusinessreviewofyour

product.,,

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影響）oncollegeadmissionsandpractical

lifeskills."ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.,,Andthat

annoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersaboutthe

problem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents5communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.

C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts

B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier

C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom

D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform

【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.B

【解析】本文為說明文。本文介紹了美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計劃。參與這個計劃

的高中生制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品，此計劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)

合起來，把空間技術(shù)與帶進課堂，與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合，這項計劃實施結(jié)果顯示會影響到學(xué)生

的生活和大學(xué)錄取。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.The

microorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpace

Station,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.可.知，細(xì)菌對宇航員來說是個令

人討厭的問題。這種來自我們身體的微生物在國際空間站的表面不受控制地生長，宇航員每

周要花幾個小時來清理它們。也就是說它們很難去掉。其中的“themicroorganisms”包括

“bacteria”。由此可知，A項正確。

2.推理判斷題°根據(jù)第二段的HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswith

NASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokill

bacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution（解決方案）.可知，HUNCH旨在

把高中教室和NASA的工程師聯(lián)系起來。Gordon的學(xué)生一直在研究如何在零重力下殺死細(xì)

菌；結(jié)合最后一段中的GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabout

theproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.可知，學(xué)生每天都給NASA的工程師

發(fā)郵件一起探討（如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一空間技術(shù)）這個問題。由此可推斷出HUNCH

program的目的把空間技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合。故D項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-pcrsonreview,and...itsnot

averynicethingattimes.It5sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.“可知，NASA的工程師會

親自審核學(xué)生們所做的產(chǎn)品。故A項正確。

4.主旨大意題。文章以國際空間站里的微生物很難清除開頭，引出宇航員們解決此問題的

途徑——借助美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此計劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校

教育結(jié)合起來。在這項計劃里，學(xué)生們通過homework（制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的

產(chǎn)品）探索無疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功課疆域''最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。

押題速練2

Thespacecommunityistakingtheorbitaldebris（碎片）threatincreasinglyseriouslythese

days.Multiplesatellite"mega-constellations（巨型星座）"areintheworks,makingspacetraffic

managementandspace-junkremovalmorepressingissuesthanthey'veeverbeen.

Forinstance,SpaceXhasalreadylaunchedmorethan1,700satellitesforitsStarlink

broadbandconstellation.Thecompanyultimatelywantstolauncharound30,000StarIinksatellites

intoorbit.OneWebhaslaunchedmorethanhalfofthesatellitesfbritsplanned648-member

constellation,whichmayalsogrowbeyondthatinitialnumberastimegoeson.

Inaddition,satelliteconstructioncostscontinuetofall,allowingmoreandmorepeopletoget

satellitesupandoperatethem——includingfolkswithverylittleexperienceinthefield.This

openingofthefinalfrontierisgenerallyagoodthing,butitfurtherhighlightstheneedfbr

responsibleactionwhenitcomestosatelliteoperation.In2019,forexample,theSpaceSafety

Coalition（SSC）laidoutasetofproposedvoluntaryguidelinesdesignedtocontrolspacejunk

overthecomingyears.

Onerecommendationisthatallsatellitesoperatingabove250milesbeequippedwith

propulsion（推進）systems,allowingthemtogetawayfrompossiblecollisions（碰撞）.TheSSC

alsorecommendsoperatorswhocontrolsatellitesinlowEarthorbitshouldincludeintheirlaunch

contractsarequirementthatrocketupperstagesshouldbegotridofintheatmosphereshortly

afterliftoff.

Moreactivedebris-fightingstrategiescouldalsobepartofthesolution.Removingjusta

handfulofrocketbodiesordeadsatelliteseveryyearcouldhelpuskeepourspaceJunkproblem

undercontrol,accordingtosomestudies.Andresearchersaroundtheworldaredevelopingand

testingwaystodojustthat,usingnets,harpoons（魚叉）andothermethods.

Thespace-junkissueisaglobalone,sogovernmentsaroundtheworldshouldhave

conversationsabouthowtodealwithit.Let'shopethetalks,thedecisionsandthetechendup

outpacingtheproblem.

1.WhatdothetwoexamplesinParagraph2illustrate?

A.Orbitaldebrisensuresatellitesafety.

B.Constellationsconsistofmanysatellites.

C.Spaceisbecomingincreasinglycrowded.

D.SpaceXhashighercapacitytoexplorespace.

2.Whycanmorepeoplesendsatellitesintoorbit?

A.Experienceinthisareaisrich.

B.Satellitesarecheapertomake.

C.Satelliteoperationsrequirelittleskills.

D.Spaceisaccessibletocommonpeople.

3.Whatisaneffectivewaytocontrolspacejunk?

A.Removedeadsatellitesfromorbit.

B.Cooperateinmonitoringsatellites.

C.Operatesatellitesatafixedheight.

D.Recyclearocketshortlyafterliftoff.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Spacejunkcleanup

B.Therisksofspacejunk

C.Spacedebrisandsatellites

D.Guidelinesforspacesafety

【答案】1.c2.B3.A4.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講的是太空垃圾越來越多，空間越來越擁擠以及造成這個

問題的原因和解決方案。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thespacecommunityistakingtheorbitaldebris（碎片）threat

increasinglyseriouslythesedays.Multiplesatellite''mega-constellations（巨型星座）"areinthe

works,makingspacetrafficmanagementandspace-junkremovalmorepressingissuesthan

the/veeverbeen.（最近，太空界越來越重視軌道碎片的威脅。多個衛(wèi)星“巨型星座”正在建

造中，這使得太空交通管理和太空垃圾清除問題比以往任何時候都更加緊迫。戶和下文的

“Forinstance”可知是通過這兩個例子說明太空空間越來越擁擠，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inaddition,satelliteconstructioncostscontinuetofall,allowing

moreandmorepeopletogetsatellitesupandoperatethem——includingfolkswithverylittle

experienceintheficld.（此外，衛(wèi)星建造成本持續(xù)下降，這使得越來越多的人能夠安裝和操作

衛(wèi)星——包括那些在這一領(lǐng)域缺乏經(jīng)驗的人?！?可知，更多的人可以將衛(wèi)星送入軌道是因為

制造衛(wèi)星更便宜，故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Moreactivedebris-fightingstrategiescouldalsobepartofthe

solution.Removingjustahandfulofrocketbodiesordeadsatelliteseveryyearcouldhelpuskeep

ourspace-junkproblemundercontrol,accordingtosomestudies.（更積極的碎片處理策略也可能

是解決方案的一部分。一些研究表明，每年只移除少量火箭體或報廢衛(wèi)星就能幫助我們控制

太空垃圾問題。）“可知，控制太空垃圾的有效方法是將報廢衛(wèi)星從軌道上移除。故選A。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Thespacecommunityistakingtheorbitaldebris（碎片）threat

increasinglyseriouslythesedays.Multiplesatellite''mega-constellations（巨型星座）"areinthe

works,makingspacetrafficmanagementandspace-junkremovalmorepressingissuesthan

the/veeverbeen.（最近，太空界越來越重視軌道碎片的威脅。多個衛(wèi)星“巨型星座”正在建

造中，這使得太空交通管理和太空垃圾清除問題比以往任何時候都更加緊迫。戶可知，文章

主要介紹太空垃圾越來越多，空間越來越擁擠以及造成這個問題的原因和解決方案。所以A

選項“太空垃圾清理''符合文章主旨，適合做標(biāo)題，故選A。

押題速練3

IfMarswerethepopularkidinschool,Venus（金星）wouldbetheunwelcomeonesittingin

thecorner,largelyignored.VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,butbeingcloserto

thesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.

However,insteadofhavingaclimatethatisjustawarmerversionofEarth,s,Venus'ssurface

andatmosphereareunbearable：cloudsofsulphuricacidblankettheplanet,whileatgroundlevel,

itishotenoughtomeltlead.Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourlife.

JaneGreavesatCardiffUniversity,UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine（磷

化氫）inVenus'satmosphere,withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.

ThatisbecausetheonlywaythisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes（微生

物）.Thoughthisdoesn*tmeanitwasproducedbylifeonVenus,attemptstofindnon-biological

explanationsforitspresencehavesofarfailed.

OurbestwayofconfirmingorrejectingthepossibilityoflifeonVenusistogoandhavea

properlook.WhileMarshasbeenthefocusofinterplanetaryexplorationeffortslately,the

phosphinediscoveryletspeoplelookatVenusinanewlight.AsNASAadministratorJim

Bridenstinetweeted："It'stimetoprioritizeVenus.^^

Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulationswillbeusedtofurtherstudythe

possiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.Morelaboratoryexperimentswillbeconducted

totrytoidentifyotherwaysthephosphinetherecouldbeproduced.However,thereisno

guaranteethattheseeffortswillrevealthetruenatureofthissubstanceonVenus.A

newly-proposedstrategyistodirectlysampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus.Bydoing

so,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine.

ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenus*satmosphereisagreataccomplishment.Thescientific

effortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocusonthisneglectedworld.Possibly,thequietkid

inthecomermaygetthelastlaugh.

1.Intheory,whafsVenusexpectedtobelike?

A.ItisalmostaslargeasEarth.

B.IthasnearlythesamemassasEarth.

C.IthasawannerEarth-likeclimate.

D.Ithastheunbearablesurfaceandatmosphere.

2.WhatcanthediscoveryofphosphineonVenusindicate?

A.Theremightexistsignsoflife.

B.Thiskindofgasisverycommon.

C.Manyproductscanbemadewithit.

D.Experimentswereonceconductedthere.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofobservations.

B.Thepowerofcomputersimulations.

C.Theapproachestoexploringphosphine.

D.Thenecessitytoanalysephosphine.

4.Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetotheexplorationofVenus?

A.Casual.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Doubtful.

【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家對金星的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話"VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,but

beingclosertothesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.^^（金星的質(zhì)量和大小與地

球幾乎相同，但由于離太陽更近，它從太陽獲得的熱量幾乎是地球的兩倍。）可知，在理論

上金星是和地球質(zhì)量相同的但是更溫暖的星球。故選Co

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourli缸"（盡

管如此，現(xiàn)在有跡象表明金星可能存在生命）根據(jù)第三段第一、二句話“JaneGreavesatCardiff

University,UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine（磷化氫）inVenus'satmosphere,

withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.Thatisbecausetheonlyway

thisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes（微生物）.”（英國加的夫大學(xué)的簡?格

雷夫斯和她的同事最近在金星大氣中檢測到磷化氫，有一種可能的解釋是它是生物學(xué)的副產(chǎn)

品。這是因為在地球上制造這種氣體的唯一途徑是實驗室或通過微生物。）可推知，通過在

金星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了磷化氫，說明了那里可能存在生命的跡象。故選A。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句話“Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulations

willbeusedtofurtherstudythepossiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.,,（在未來的幾

個月和幾年里，計算機模擬將被用來進一步研究金星大氣可能的化學(xué)性質(zhì)。）以及最后一句

話“Bydoingso,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine."（通過這樣做，我

們將能夠直接測量磷化氫。）可知，該段主要是關(guān)于探索金星上的磷化氫是否真正存在的方

法。故選C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一、二句話“ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenuSsatmosphere

isagreataccomplishment.Thescientificeffortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocuson

thisneglectedworld."（在金星大氣中發(fā)現(xiàn)磷化氫是一項偉大的成就?？茖W(xué)努力可能正是我

們最終重新關(guān)注這個被忽視的世界所需要的。）可知，作者認(rèn)為在金星大氣層中發(fā)現(xiàn)磷化氫

是一項偉大的成就，因此作者對探索金星的態(tài)度是支持的。故選B。

押題速練4【2020?新課標(biāo)I】

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswere

showntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther

changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperfbnndiverse,evenunusual

functions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey're

shortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'retliinking

abouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,*'

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesinto

sell-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）?suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.Glowingplantscould

reducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants*lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的

工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)

勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。

1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscovered

thatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%

moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.nJ知例如，在俄亥俄州

揚斯敦進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當(dāng)員工的

工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)

于綠色植物的益處。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavesto

showwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater,oj

知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下

水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測

植物缺水的情況。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelp

saveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的

植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumed

intheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefroma

powerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國總耗

電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程

中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明

了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了

他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，

達到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故

選C.

押題速練5

Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingme

articlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceas

humans.Tvealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneiscomputerscientist

ChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilip

Taylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtech

companieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusiness

Weekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus"curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangein

theoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthat

researchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep."What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsof

dollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,

journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.Ifresearcherscan't

keeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.

Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantum

computingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause44'quantum9stands

forsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand."AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,who

suggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmy

questionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-fbundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcerns

abouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）"to

buildinga“usefUl“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnot

havebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhave

spentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylorclaims?

Idon'tknow.I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantum

computers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.

1.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

2.WhatleadstoTaylor\optimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.

Resistant.

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

【答案】l.A2.C3.A4.D

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？“，計算

機科學(xué)家克里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。

L推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,

researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheir

work'spotential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,

disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（隨著量子計算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人

員可能會誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者、公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說，如

果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“ButItrust

Taylor,justasItrustJohnson."（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于約翰遜

的擔(dān)憂，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B.unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C.doubtful

懷疑的；D.excited激動的。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm"byavery

largemargin（幅度ytobuildinga“usefUl“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactful

problemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,''Peoplewillnaturally

discountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoing

withothers."（他說，這家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上“接近于制造出“有用的”量

子計算機，它“解決了一個有影響力的問題，否則我們無法解決這個問題”。他補充說:'人們

自然會不相信我的觀點，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時間來定量地比較我們與他人的做法）”可知，

泰勒對量子計算的樂觀來源于他對PyQuantum的信心。故選C。

3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespecially

Dronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyou

shouldn'tbeabletounderstand."（但約翰遜表明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別prone被

炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西?！埃笨芍揪渲泻幸粋€原

因狀語從句，因為““量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西“，所以它特別容易被炒作。故

prone意為''易于...的"。A.Open.開放的;易受損害的;B.Cool.酷的:C.Useful.有用的；

D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故選A。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,

ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus”cure

cancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype

（炒作）thatannoysJohnson."（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計算領(lǐng)域進行

了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報道，量子機器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變

化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火。"）”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreally

beleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin",asTaylorclaims?Idon,tknow.Tmcertainlynot

goingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像

泰勒所說的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢''領(lǐng)先所有競爭對手嗎？我不知道。我當(dāng)然不會建議我的朋友

或其他人投資量子計算機。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）“可知，本文主要論述

了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲

利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣

成功嗎？故選D。

押題速練6

Thisyear,inMarch,IjumpedintoaheatedpoolinCaliforniatomeetadolphinnamedDclle.

AsIapproachedher,Delloturnedtowardsmeandbecameplayful,greetingmebysplashingme

withherbeak.Delighted,Ireachedouttopathershinyskin.Itfeltrubbery,whichwasthemain

giveawaythatDcllethedolphinwasarobot.

Justasfake（假的）animalsarebecomingveryrealistic,it'sbecomingincreasinglyless

acceptabletouseliveanimalsforentertainmentpurposes.DocuinentaricslikeBlackfish

（2013）andTheCove（2009）haveexposedsomeofthehorrifictreatmentandsufferingofocean

mammals.Theresultingpublicprotesthasmadeaquariums（水族館）controversial,attractingless

visitors.

Arguably,entertainingpeoplewithcaptive（圈養(yǎng)的）animalsisvitalforanimalconservation.

Manyzoosandaquariumsactivelytrytopromoteconservationeffortsbyprovidingeducational

experiencesandencouraginginterestinthenaturalworld.Thistypeofentertainmentisuseful,

becauseitinspirespeopletocare.

Atfirst,thisseemslikeareasontoavoidreplacingtheanimalswithtechnology.However,

researchintherapid-developedfieldofhuman-robotinteractionisshowingastonishingresultson

engagementwithrobotsthatcanimitatelifelikebehaviour.Whenphysicallyinteractive,robots

attractalotofattention.Peopletendtotreatthemlikethey'realive,eventhoughtheyknow

perfectlywellthey'rejustmachines.

Ifwestarttoreplacetheanimalsinourthemeparkswithmachines,willthistrenddecrease

ourwonderforthenaturalworld?Abunchofpeopleexpressednegativegutreactions（本能反

應(yīng)）afterIpostedvideooftherobotdolphinonTwitter.Andyet,Idon'tbelievethatusingthis

robotanimalswillcauseustoforgettheworthoflivingcreatures.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionDelleinparagraph1?

A.Toshareaspecialexperience.

B.Topromoterubberydolphins.

C.Todrawattentiontorobotanimals.

D.Todescribeadolphinperformance.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutliveanimalsinzoos?

A.Theyarecruellytreated.

B?Theymakezoospopular.

C.Theyarewellentertained.

D?Theydeserveconservation.

3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Reasonsforreplacinganimalswithrobots.

B.Benefitsofentertainingpeoplewithrobots.

C.Researchresultsoninteractionwithrobots.

D.Publicconcernsoverengagementwithrobots.

4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoreplacinganimalswithmachines?

A.Favorable.B.Intoler