翻譯技巧詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法

翻譯技巧詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法第一頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.

恐怕我教不了你英語，我想我女兒比我教得好。6.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.

操作電腦需要一些英語知識(shí)。I.Convertingtoverbs第二頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（一）具有動(dòng)態(tài)意義的名詞（1）“…of…”

結(jié)構(gòu)（2）短語結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯順序：順譯與逆譯1.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.2.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而論，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音條件下的人數(shù)。3.Insistenceonhumanrights第三頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）4.Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工業(yè)部門和軍隊(duì)中的許多人對噪音有切身體會(huì)，他們認(rèn)為對這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行任何調(diào)查都是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。5.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.練習(xí)：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.第四頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenalandRussia’srefusal.4.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents.Theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.第五頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（二）英語中含有動(dòng)態(tài)意義的名詞通常翻譯為動(dòng)詞，并根據(jù)需要增添邏輯賓語。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的（機(jī)聲），令我們特別神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快結(jié)束時(shí)，敵人徹底潰退了。第六頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（三）英語中有些以后綴–er,-or結(jié)尾的名詞，在句中并指其身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味，需要翻譯為動(dòng)詞。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和兒子談話時(shí)，老人寬恕了年輕人過去所干的壞事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.第七頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（基本方法）（四）短語中的主體名詞通常翻譯為動(dòng)詞1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新聞節(jié)目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.第八頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五練習(xí)（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.第九頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五

練習(xí)（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethe

development

ofnewtheoriesofphysics.2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithinourgraspinthenextfewyears.I.Convertingtoverbs第十頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Basicallyappliedsciencestartswiththeclearunderstandingofahumanneedandthenusesalltheavailablescientificknowledgetoassistinthesatisfactionofthisneed.6.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheoriesandtheestablishmentoftherelationsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.7.Increasingly,thereistalkofviewerparticipationintelevision;two-wayTVprogramswillmakeitpossibletotakepartinasoapoperaorfootballgameasiftheviewerwerethere.8.Ingeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablelowvalue.第十一頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.

發(fā)展的道路雖然漫長，可我們已堅(jiān)定地走了上這條路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.

他在公園散步，手里拿著一把傘。3.Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.

我們的目標(biāo)是使不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的人民最終擺脫貧困。4.Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.

公司在報(bào)上登廣告招聘電子方面的專家。II.Convertingtoverbs第十二頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五練習(xí)1.Inanymachine,inputworkequalsoutputworkplusworkdoneagainstfriction.2.Thistypeoffilmdevelopsintwentyminutes.3.Ananalogcomputermanipulatesdatabyanalogmeans.4.Theairplanebarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharbourandoutoverthesea.5.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps第十三頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五B.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（adj.---v.）1.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’srightandnotjustfashionable

orpoliticallycorrect.

誠實(shí)意味著去做你認(rèn)為對的事，而不僅僅是為了趕時(shí)髦或在政治上不出錯(cuò)。2.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.

不要恐懼那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聰明的人。3.IsMr.Smithfamiliarwiththeperformanceofthelaboratoryequipment?

史密斯先生熟悉實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的性能嗎？II.Convertingtoverbs第十四頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五練習(xí)1.Ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.2.Theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim.3.Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.4.Thetop-rankingAsianspecialistwasnotsurewhetherthepolicycouldsavethesituation.第十五頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Ifextremelylow-costpowerwereevertobecomeavailablefromlargenuclearpowerplants,electrolytichydrogenwouldbecomecompetitive.6.Thecircuitsareconnectedinparallelintheinterestofasmallresistance.7.Onceinsidethebody,thevaccineseparatesfromthegoldparticlesandbecomes“active”.8.Itisnowonderthatscientistsaroundtheworldareracingtoharnessfusion.Buttheraceiscostlyandtimeconsuming.第十六頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五

C.副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞（adv.---v.）1.Whatfilmwillbeonthisevening?

今晚放映什么影片？2.Thatbookwillbeoutprettysoon.

那本書不久就要出版了。3.Inthoseyearstherepublicanswerein.

那些年是共和黨執(zhí)政。4.Doublewindowswerefixedtokeepthecoldout.

安裝雙層窗御寒。練習(xí)：1.Thefatiguelifetestisover.疲勞壽命試驗(yàn)結(jié)束了。Ifonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)生故障，另一臺(tái)便代替它發(fā)電。2.Suchservicewillcertainlygofarinextendingthelifecycleofolderequipment.這種保養(yǎng)肯定會(huì)在延長陳舊設(shè)備的使用周期。E.動(dòng)名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞（gerund---v.）

1.Theoriginofthisparticularcultureisfarfromclearing.

這種奇特的文化根源遠(yuǎn)沒有弄清楚。II.Convertingtoverbs第十七頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五A.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞（v.---n.）1.Thebookdidnotimpressmeatall.

那本書沒留給我什么印象。2.Harryaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.

哈里的目標(biāo)是成為計(jì)算機(jī)專家。3.Yourworkischaracterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.

你工作的毛病是不注意細(xì)節(jié)。（粗心大意）4.Themachineweighsaboutfivehundredkilograms.

這臺(tái)機(jī)器的重量是500公斤。III.Convertingtonouns第十八頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Whenlightfallsoncertainthings,itbouncesback,whichwesaythelightisreflected.

光照到某種物體上會(huì)彈回來，我們把這種情況稱之為光的反射。注意：如果英語動(dòng)詞譯成漢語動(dòng)詞時(shí)跟前后的修飾語不好搭配；或搭配起來不符合漢語習(xí)慣，可以把動(dòng)詞譯成名詞，再在名詞前加上與之搭配的動(dòng)詞。6.Theyouthsalwaysdreamfondlyoftheirfuture.

年輕人對前途總是懷有美好的夢想。7.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementsyouhavemadeinthisdirection.

有獨(dú)立見解的觀察家們對你們在這方面所取得的成就給予了很高的評(píng)價(jià)。III.Convertingtonouns第十九頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五B.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞（adj.---n.）

1.Thedaywascloudybutthesunwastryingtocomethrough.

天上有云，不過太陽就要破云而出了。2.Obedienceisobligatoryonasoldier.

服從命令是軍人的天職。3.ManyWesternpeoplearereligious.

很多西方人/西方人多數(shù)都是虔誠的教徒。III.Convertingtonouns第二十頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五1.YouareagreaterblockheadthanIhadsupposedyoutobe.

你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）2.OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChineseresidentabroad.

我國政府十分關(guān)心海外華僑。3.Hisaddressimpressedmedeeply.

他的講話給我留下很深的印象。4.Fromthefront,backandbothsideswekeptastrictwatchontheenemy.

我們在前后左右嚴(yán)密地監(jiān)視敵人。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十一頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五1.HeistherightmanI’mlookingfor.

他正是我在找的人。2.Theunitofweightisthegram,thatoflengthisthemeter,andthatofcapacityistheliter.

重量單位是克，長度單位是米，容量單位是升。3.Themachinecandimensionallybechangeableaccordingtoconsumers’need.

機(jī)器的在大?。ɑ虺叽纾┛梢愿鶕?jù)用戶的需要改變。4.Allyouhavedoneisproportionaltoallyouhaveachieved.

你的付出和所得成正比。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十二頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五5.Tobeindependentisanabsolutenecessityforyoungpeople.

獨(dú)立對年輕人來說是絕對必要的。6.Inscience,itisimportanttostatealaworaprincipleaccurately.

在科學(xué)方面定律或定理的準(zhǔn)確敘述十分重要。7.Withslightrepairs,themachinecouldbeinmotion.

只要稱加修理，這臺(tái)機(jī)器便可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。8.Thenewmayorearnedrespectduetothecourtesyofvisitingthepoorinthecity.

新市長有禮貌地訪問城市貧民贏得了人們的尊敬。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十三頁，共二十八頁，編輯于2023年，星期五在英語中，由形容詞派生的名詞通常翻譯為形容詞，在句中作定語或表語Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthatmoment.ThespokesmanadmittedthefeasibilityoftheAmericanproposals.HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.Singlecrystalsifhighperfectionar