2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

長風(fēng)破浪會(huì)有時(shí)，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。住在富人區(qū)的她2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.問題1選項(xiàng)A.methodsB.attitudesC.thoughtsD.solutions2.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

3.單選題TheAustrianmanufacturingindustryconsistsofafewlargeorganizations,manyofwhichoperateundergovernmentauspices.問題1選項(xiàng)A.supervisionsB.orientationsC.regulationD.sponsorship4.單選題Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhave（）consequences.問題1選項(xiàng)A.uncertainB.disastrousC.potentialD.unworthy5.單選題Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat（）byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.問題1選項(xiàng)A.isB.beenC.beD.being6.單選題Aneighteenth-centurytravelertoAnnapolisreportedonthesplendorofthissoutherncity.問題1選項(xiàng)A.magnificenceB.corruptionC.dimensionsD.provincialism7.單選題A（）ofsoapandtwobrightlycoloredtowelswereleftbesidethebath,andthenthewomensmiledpolitelyatNicoleandwithdrewcarefullyfromtheroom.問題1選項(xiàng)A.loafB.barC.stickD.block8.單選題Therewerenotickets（）forFriday’sperformance.問題1選項(xiàng)A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available9.單選題Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which______increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inturnB.bychanceC.byfortuneD.incase10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題TheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbooks,DoingOurOwnThing,TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960s’counter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,WhyWeShouldLike,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onepaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（）.2.Theword“talking”(paragraph1)denotes（）.3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementsisMcWhortermostlikelytoagree?4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s（）.5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreformsB.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopmentC.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-cultureD.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s問題2選項(xiàng)A.modestyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality問題3選項(xiàng)A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.問題4選項(xiàng)A.interestintheirlanguageB.appreciationoftheireffortsC.admirationfortheirmemoryD.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness問題5選項(xiàng)A.“temporary”isto“permanent”B.“radical”isto“conservative”C.“functional”isto“artistic”D.“humble”isto“noble”第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A選項(xiàng)method“方法；手段”；B選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；意見”；C選項(xiàng)thought“思想；想法；關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根據(jù)句中“toattractpassengers為吸引乘客”可知tactic在這里的意思為“手段”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】我們不能接受氣候變化造成的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅，那可能會(huì)永久性地?fù)p害我們傳給子孫后代的這個(gè)世界。我們不能播下沖突和饑荒的種子，摧毀海岸線，使城市蕭條。這就是為什么我們所有國家現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)各自的責(zé)任，改變我們使用能源的方式。我們不能接受一個(gè)更多人被剝奪機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)的世界，這種人人渴望的機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)就是：能夠接受教育，能夠過上體面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的擔(dān)憂中沒有希望地生活。我知道這些挑戰(zhàn)是可以應(yīng)對(duì)的，只要人們認(rèn)識(shí)到這些挑戰(zhàn)不會(huì)由一個(gè)人或一個(gè)國家單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)。這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不僅僅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。3.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。auspice“贊助，主辦”；A選項(xiàng)supervision“監(jiān)督，管理”；B選項(xiàng)orientation“方向；適應(yīng)；向東方”；C選項(xiàng)regulation“管理；規(guī)則；校準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)sponsorship“贊助；發(fā)起”。句意：奧地利的制造業(yè)由幾個(gè)大型組織組成，其中許多是在政府的支持下運(yùn)作的。auspice本身有“贊助”的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uncertain“無常的；靠不住的；遲疑不決的”；B選項(xiàng)disastrous“損失慘重的；悲傷的”；C選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的；可能的”；D選項(xiàng)unworthy“不值得的；無價(jià)值的”。句意：在沒有保險(xiǎn)的情況下駕車可能產(chǎn)生損失慘重的后果。根據(jù)句中“Drivingacarwithoutinsurance在沒有保險(xiǎn)的情況下駕車”可知“損失慘重的”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】D【解析】語法題——考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。前半句“Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth”已經(jīng)是個(gè)完整的句子，后半句沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，所以不可能再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，排除A和C，而“小麥”和be之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞being。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)是這個(gè)國家財(cái)富的主要來源，小麥?zhǔn)瞧駷橹棺畲蟮墓阮愖魑?。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。6.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞splendor意為“光彩；壯麗；顯赫”；A選項(xiàng)“magnificence”意為“壯麗；宏偉；富麗堂皇”；B選項(xiàng)“corruption”意為“貪污，腐??；墮落”；C選項(xiàng)“dimensions”意為“規(guī)模，大??；尺寸規(guī)格”；D選項(xiàng)“provincialism”意為“方言；地方風(fēng)格；鄉(xiāng)下習(xí)氣”。句意：一位18世紀(jì)去過安納波利斯的旅行者報(bào)道了這座南方城市的輝煌壯麗。由題干可知，Annapolis（安納波利斯，是美國馬里蘭州的首府和港口，是一座歷史名城），所以可以推測(cè)出splendor在此處最可能是“壯麗”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中magnificence具有“壯麗宏偉”的意思，與此相近。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。7.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)loaf“條，一條面包”；B選項(xiàng)bar“塊；條；酒吧”；C選項(xiàng)stick“棍；手杖；呆頭呆腦的人”；D選項(xiàng)block“塊；街區(qū)；大廈；障礙物”。句意：一塊肥皂和兩條顏色鮮艷的毛巾放在浴缸旁邊，當(dāng)時(shí)這個(gè)女人有禮貌地對(duì)著尼克爾笑，然后小心翼翼地離開了房間。abarof為固定搭配，abarofsoap意為“一塊肥皂”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。8.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preferable“更好的，更可取的；更合意的”；B選項(xiàng)possible“可能的；合理的；合適的”；C選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的；重要的，值得考慮的”；D選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的；可購買的；可找到的；有空的”。句意：周五的演出已沒有票可購買。根據(jù)句中“Therewerenotickets沒有票”可知“可購買的”符合語境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“inturn”意為“反過來；轉(zhuǎn)而；輪流”；B選項(xiàng)“bychance”意為“偶然；意外地”；C選項(xiàng)“byfortune”意為“由于幸運(yùn)”；D選項(xiàng)“incase”意為“萬一；假使”。句意：壓力大的環(huán)境會(huì)導(dǎo)致不健康的行為，如不良的飲食習(xí)慣，而這些行為反過來增加了患高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由題干可知，unhealthybehaviors（不健康的行為）是由壓力大的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的，但它反過來又導(dǎo)致了highbloodpressureandheartdisease（高血壓和心臟?。Ｒ虼薃選項(xiàng)符合題意。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:B第5題:C【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由本文最后一段的最后一句話“Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone”（也許這是一種遺憾，但也許是不可避免的）可知，在語言發(fā)展過程中，正式英語的衰落是非常正常的，這段介紹了正式英語的衰落，最后一句話是對(duì)這個(gè)衰落過程的總結(jié)。A選項(xiàng)“在激進(jìn)的教育改革中是不可避免的”沒有原文依據(jù)、C選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了反主流文化的爭議”、D選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)60年代改變了公眾的態(tài)度”均說法錯(cuò)誤，20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利是正式英語衰落的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。第2題:語義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“talking”定位到第一段第四句話“Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,‘doingourownthing’,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic”（但是，“做我們自己的事”這種對(duì)真實(shí)和個(gè)人的狂熱已經(jīng)宣告了正式演講、寫作、詩歌和音樂的死亡）再聯(lián)系本段最后一句話“InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft”（在英語口語和書面語中，說勝于演講，自發(fā)性勝于技巧）可以推測(cè)talking對(duì)應(yīng)的是非正式的意思。A選項(xiàng)“謙遜”、B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性”、C選項(xiàng)“活力”均為干擾項(xiàng)，與語義不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。第3題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第二段最后一句話“Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper”（他并不像許多人那樣，認(rèn)為我們不能再正確地思考，因?yàn)槲覀冋f話不恰當(dāng)）可知McWhorter認(rèn)為邏輯思維不一定與我們說話的方式有關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)“黑人英語可能比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語更有表現(xiàn)力”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中提到黑人這樣的非官方語言具有強(qiáng)大的表現(xiàn)力，但沒有與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語作比較；C選項(xiàng)“各種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人類語言也同樣有趣”；D選項(xiàng)“在所有的變體