2021高三全國(guó)統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)（話(huà)題版）一輪學(xué)案：第2編 專(zhuān)題一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精2021高三全國(guó)統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)（話(huà)題版）一輪學(xué)案：第2編專(zhuān)題一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析第2編語(yǔ)法突破專(zhuān)題一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，65）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut________（report）increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.答案:havereported根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“inrecentyears"可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，65)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand________(recommend）wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.答案:recommended根據(jù)“shared”可知，此處講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3．(2018·天津高考，13）Mywashingmachine________（repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.答案:isbeingrepaired句意：我的洗衣機(jī)本周正在被維修,所以我用手洗衣服.isbeingrepaired“正在被維修"。4．（2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，69)Onthelastdayofourweek－longstay，we________（invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals。答案：wereinvited事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,且主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞invite之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5．（2018·北京高考,4）Susanhadquitherwell。paidjoband________（work）asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.答案：wasworking句意：蘇珊辭去了她的高薪工作，我去年拜訪她的時(shí)候，她正在社區(qū)擔(dān)任志愿者。由下文“whenIvisitedherlastyear"可知，此處表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).6．(2019·天津高考，2）I________(hope）tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn’tmanageit.答案：hadhoped由couldn’tmanage用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知,動(dòng)詞hope發(fā)生在couldn'tmanage之前，表示過(guò)去本打算做某事而沒(méi)有做成，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí).7．(2018·北京高考,9)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays。答案：hadbeentrapped句意：一位救援工作者冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救出在山里被圍困兩天的游客。空格處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“冒著生命危險(xiǎn)"這一動(dòng)作之前，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。8．(2019·江蘇高考，33）Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals________(install）by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.答案：willhavebeeninstalled句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)之前安裝完5G終端.根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by2022可知，句子要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；5Gterminals與install（安裝）之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).9．（2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ,短文改錯(cuò))Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.________________________________________________________________答案：are→were由“didn'trealize"以及“entered"可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。10．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò)）Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents。Ifindabigchangethere。________________________________________________________________答案：find→found由“Duringmylastwinterholiday”可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí).應(yīng)將find改為found。一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：do/does;is/am/are用法：①表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示人、事物現(xiàn)在的狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理.②在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,以及表示按時(shí)間表擬定或安排好要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例句：①OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles。②Ifwedon’tactnowtoprotecttheenvironment，we'lllivetoregretit.③Classbeginsateightinthemorning。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式:is/am/aredoing用法：①表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。②計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作(只限于come,go，leave，arrive，start，move，sail，fly,travel,stay等）。③與always，constantly等副詞連用，帶有贊美、厭惡等感情色彩。例句：①Hurryup,kids！Theschoolbusiswaitingforus?、贏foreigneriscomingtovisitourschool.③Heisalwayshelpingothers.3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式：begoingtodo;will/shalldo;betodo；beabouttodo用法：①表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)計(jì)劃或安排好的事情。②表示一種常規(guī)性的活動(dòng)或注定要做的事情。③beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形,表示就要做或正好要做的事情.例句：①—Annisinhospital。-Oh,really?Ididn'tknow.Iwillgoandvisither.②Whenareyoutoreturnyourlibrarybook？③Bequiet.Theconcertisabouttostart.4．一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式:was/were;did用法:①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。③It'stimethat后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例句：①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversecameintobeing.②Heoftenhadlunchatschoollastmonth.③It’stimethatwewateredtheflowers。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式：has/havedone用法:①某些表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用：since,recently,lately,sofar，in/over/duringthelast/past＋時(shí)間段，untilnow,manytimes,thesedays，uptonow，bynow等。②This/It/Thatisthefirsttimethat從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句:①I(mǎi)'veheardnothingfromhimuptonow。②Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily。6．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：was/weredoing用法：①表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。②過(guò)去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作（只限于come,go，leave，arrive,start，move，sail，fly,travel,stay等）。③wasdoingsth。when...表示“某人正在做某事,這時(shí)突然發(fā)生了另一件事”。例句：①I(mǎi)wasplayingtabletennisatfourthisafternoon。②Wewereleavingveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore。③IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.7．過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式：haddone用法：①表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”（句中必須有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者過(guò)去的動(dòng)詞,而且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的那個(gè)動(dòng)作之前)。②hardly/scarcely..。when.。.；nosooner..。than.。?！耙弧汀?。hardly/scarcely和nosooner分句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí),when及than引導(dǎo)的從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例句：①Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall，hehadhaditforaverylongtime。②HardlyhadIarrivedattheclassroomwhenitbegantorain。8．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式:woulddo用法：①表示從過(guò)去看將要發(fā)生的事情.②表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例句：①Shewassurethatshewouldsucceed.②Whenhewasyoung,hewouldsitinfrontoftheTVsetforhourseveryday.9．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式:have/hasbeendoing用法：過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去.例句：Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportandhasbeentakingbadmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.10．過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式：hadbeendoing用法:表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作.例句:WhenAlicecametolife,shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere.11．將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)形式:willbedoing用法:表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例句：—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning？—Sure.Iwillbewritingareportathome。12．將來(lái)完成時(shí)形式：willhavedone用法：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作.標(biāo)志性短語(yǔ)：bytheendof＋將來(lái)時(shí)間，by＋將來(lái)時(shí)間.例句：Bythetimeheis14yearsold,hewillhavefinishedadvancedmaths.二動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成三被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．I________(write）aletteronceaweektomyfamilywhenIwasinmyfirstcollegeyear。答案:wrote句意：我上大學(xué)一年級(jí)時(shí)，每周給家里寫(xiě)一封信.這里表示發(fā)生在“whenIwasinmyfirstcollegeyear”期間的事，用一般過(guò)去時(shí).2．Chinesekitesinancienttimes________（design)intheshapeofbirds。答案：weredesigned句意：中國(guó)古代的風(fēng)箏設(shè)計(jì)成鳥(niǎo)的形狀。由“inancienttimes"可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且這里表示被設(shè)計(jì)，故要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).3．—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse？-Notyet。It________(build)．答案：isbeingbuilt句意:—-你搬到新房子了嗎？—-還沒(méi)有，它正在被建造。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4．The24solarterms(二十四節(jié)氣）________(have）agreateffectonChinesepeople'slivesforthousandsofyears。答案:havehad句意：二十四節(jié)氣在千百年來(lái)對(duì)中國(guó)人的生活有很大影響。由“forthousandsofyears”可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5．—Ithinkthepaperistakingyoualongtimetowrite?！狪________（work)onitforalmostamonthnow.答案：havebeenworking表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).6．Dearfriend，I________（sit）onatraintoFudan答案:willbesitting句意：親愛(ài)的朋友，當(dāng)你看到這封信時(shí)，我將坐在開(kāi)往復(fù)旦大學(xué)的列車(chē)上.表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。7．(2020·湖南師大附中高三摸底考試）ButduringthetimeoftheZhouDynastyabout500BC，music________(have)animportantroleinmakingsocietystable.答案：had根據(jù)“duringthetimeoftheZhouDynastyabout500BC"可知，空格處應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填had。8．(2019·烏魯木齊市一中高三第一次月考）—Bob！Howisyourproject？IheardyoustarteditlastFriday，right？-Oh！I________(prepare)forit.ButIhaven'tdecidedwhentodoit。答案：havebeenpreparing句意：——Bob，你的項(xiàng)目怎么樣了？我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你上周五就開(kāi)始了，是嗎？—-哦！我已經(jīng)在做準(zhǔn)備，但還沒(méi)有決定好什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始做。根據(jù)句意可知，“我”已經(jīng)開(kāi)始做準(zhǔn)備了，不知道什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始，說(shuō)明還在準(zhǔn)備中，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適，即havebeendoing.9．Thenoticesaysthatanyone________(request)nottotakeanythingintothereadingroom.答案：isrequested句意：布告上寫(xiě)到，要求任何人不能帶任何東西進(jìn)閱覽室。表示“規(guī)定”用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且anyone與request之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。10．—Didyouhavetodomuchforthedinnerparty？—No,Tina________（finish）everythingbythetimeIgothome。答案：hadfinished由“bythetimeIgothome"可知，該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí).Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．（2019·山東省濟(jì)寧一中高三第一次調(diào)研考試)Ifyouwanttoconvincethebossyoudeserveapayriseorpromotion,thesolutioncouldbesimple—eatthesamefoodastheydid。________________________________________________________________答案：did→do根據(jù)前面的eat可知,此處as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致,使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2．Themanwasfiredbecausehepromisedtobepunctualbutwaslateagainthismorning.________________________________________________________________答案:pr