2023年1月考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案word版

2023年1月考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案（一）SectionIUseofEnglishDnecclious:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebcslword(s)foreachnumberedblank.andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)In1924American'NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawhtorePlantnearChicagoIthopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorEgnting 1 workorsproductivityInstead?thestudiesended 2 givingtheirnametothe"Hawhthomeeffect^theextremelyinflentlcelIdeatheveey 3 tobemgexpenmenteduponchangedsubjects'behaviorTheideaarosebecauseofthe 4 behaviorofthewomenintheplato.Accordmgto 5 ofthecxpetmems.their.houriyoutputrosewhenhghtmgwasincreased.butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexpenmenl. 7 sometmgwasduchntyroseA(n) 8 thattheywerebemgexperimenteduponseemedtobe 9 tOalterworkers'bchamor_10—uselfAfterseveraldecades,thesaliledatawere 11 toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorej2—thedesenpuonsonrecord,nosystematic 13 wasfoundthatlevelsofproduchxntywererelatedtochangesinlightingItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingthec-enmentsmaybehaveletto 14 interpretationofwhalhapped. 15 ,tighringwasalwayschangedonaSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output 16 rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand 17 toriseforthenextcoupleofdays 18 ,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexpenmentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentupOnMonday,workers 19 tobeduigentfbrthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before 21 aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged''Hawthorneeffeef'ishardtoptndownl.[A]affected2[A]at3[A]Wuth4.[A]convoversial|B]achieved田]叩l.[A]affected2[A]at3[A]Wuth4.[A]convoversial|B]achieved田]叩|B]sightperp!exingexlractedICJwith[C]act[c]mischieous[D]restoredO汗[D]proof[D]ambiguous5,[A]reqtttrents|B]cxplanalions[C]accounts[D]assements6[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work7(A]asfaras|B]forfearthat(C]incasethat[DJsolongas8.[A]awarerress|B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion9.[A]suitale[BJexcessive(CJenough[DJabundant10.[A]about|B]fbr[C]on[D]by11[AJcompared|B]shown(CJsubjected[DJconveyed12.[A]contraryto|B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source14,[A]disputable|B]enlightening[C]retiable[D]wasleadmg15.[A]Incontast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual16,[A]duly|B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued2O.lA]breakingIBJchmbing(CJsurpassmg[DJhitingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing(A].[BJ.[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2Overthepastdecade.thousandsofpatentshaveseengranledforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits''one-click"onlinepaymentsystemMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.OneinvenlorpatentedatochniqueforlyingaboxNowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversiale.versincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsagoInamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBijskl,asthecaseisknown,is"averybigdeal",saysDermis'DCrouchoftheUniversityofMissounSchooloflaw.Il,*hasthepotentialtoelinateanentireclassofpalmts',Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2023,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethafactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepracticeoTheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluste:swetheritshould“reconsider"itsstatestreetBankrulingoTheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnurrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfbr''inventions''thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactiontotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt''saysHaroleCwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchooloBusiness-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseoftheirlimitedvaluetobusinesstheirconnectionwithassetallocalionthepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingthecontroversyoverauthorizationWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?ItsrullingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsItinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactionIthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuitItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S。Theword“about-fhce"(Line1,Paro3)moslprobablymeanslossofgoodwillincreaseofhostility[CJchangeofattitude|D]changeofauiuledWelearnfromthelasttwopamgraphsthatbusiness-meihodPateatsareimmunetolegalchallengesareoftenunnecessarilyissuedlowertheesteemforpateatholdersincreasetheincidenceofrisksWhichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?[A]Aloomingthreattobvamess-melhcdpatents|B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholdersAlegalcaseregardingbusiness-meihodpatentsID]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3InhisbookTheTippingPoinlMalcohnaladuellalouesthatsocialepidemicsaredliveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallinfomied,persuasive,orweconnectTheideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread?Thesupposedimportanceofinftuentialsderivesfromaplansiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheoryuntestedthelrycalledthe"tow-stepflowofcommunication"InformationHowsfromthemediatetheinftuentialsandfromthentoereryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheorkforthemThetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewaswearingpromotingordevelopingwhalerveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattentionAnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecalldrivetrendsIntheirrecentworkhoweyersomeresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenetallysupposedInfacttheydon'tseemtoberequiredofallTheresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobserratingaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimanrillyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence-enenthemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothersYetitispreciselythesenon-celebringinfluenlialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialenidemicsbyinflucencinytheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsosffectedmusttheninflucencehisorherownacquaintances.whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantfbrexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,fbrexamplethecasecadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople0Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencetheresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencetobeBycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendstoanalyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemicsdiscussinfluenlials'funcilioninspreadingideasexemplifypeople'sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics|D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluenlialsTheauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory"servesasasolutiontomarketingproblemshashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrendshaswonsupportfrominfluentialsrequiressolidevidenceforitsvaliditywhattheresearchershaveobservedrecentyshowsthatthepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractionsinterpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemediainfluentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic{DJmostcelebritieaenjoywidemediaattentiontheunderlinedphrase'Thesepcople"inparagraph4referstotheoneswho{AJstayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence{BJhavelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence{CJareinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers{D}areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential34.whatistheessentialslementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?{AJTheeageinesstobeaccepted{BJTheimpulsetoinfluenceothers{C}Theresdinesstobeinfluenced(DJTheinclinationtorelyonothersText4Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindehtscenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelsetheaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules.moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceatheirdpartywouldpay.notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch<>Unfbrtunately,banks'lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters.essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarksh,isbeingcompromised.And.unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithXongress.America;sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechangse.ThesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlongOtermassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz.theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstehosewho''questionourmotiveso"Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls"theuseofjudgmentbymanagemento"EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning.butthepressuretofoldwhenitcomletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrongCharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatisdid"notliveinapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealword''andtheEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrulesoItwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccoutshtatwastlyovervaluedassets.〔odaytheyarguehtatmarketpricesoverstateloeees.becausehteyLargerlyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets.notthelikelyententofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownfbryears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggetingthatinvestorsareakeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsfbrfearofbookinglosses,yetarerelucaanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains-Togetthesysytemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America'snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsangpensions,forexample.againsthostilityinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions?Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedtofollowunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B[collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers(DJreevaluatesomeoftheirassetsAccording(otheauthor.therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultinthedimingishingroleofmanagement|B]therevivalofthebankingsyestem[C]thebank'slong-termassetlossers|D]theweakeningogitsindepentdenceAccordingtoParagarph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'sattempttokeepawayfrompoliticalinfluencesevadethepressurefromtheirpeersactontheirowninruli-setting|D](akegradualmeasuresinreformTheauthorthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanef'inthatthey[A]misinlerpretedmarketpriceindicators[B[exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglected(helikelyexistenceofbaddebts|D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets40、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof(AJsatisfaction|B]skepticism[C]objectiveness|D]sympathyPartBDirections:ForQuestions41-45.choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthefirstA-GandfillthemintothenumberedboxestofromacoherenttextParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdosenotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferencefbreatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2023.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearEuropecomparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhileastherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative0RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,lesvingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealteadytriede-commerce,withlimitsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthefitableopportunityintheirownbackyardthewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whochappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed。Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?Definitelynot.ThefunctioningofthemarketisbasrdonflexibleTrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwordsitisuptothebuyerlatherthanthesellertodecidewhattobuy.Atanyratethischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumersregardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold。Allinall.thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutenerenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo。Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofsamebuildingblocksDemandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains.aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures.butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas“horeca"：hotels,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'sretailwholesalemarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends?IF]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,SpainandtheUnitedKingdomin2000-morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsiderateo[G]However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailsandevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalersfromtryingtheirhand.fbrthose(hatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains?41—42—43->44一E—45PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarfullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10Points)OnebasicweaknessinacomservationsystembasedwhollyoneeconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalueYetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsinteynity.theyareentitledtocontinuanceWhenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedandifwehappentoloveit.WeincertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportanceAtthebeginningpfcenturysongbirasweresupppsedtobedisappearingo(46)Scinentistsjumpedto(heresurewithsomedistimcdyshakyevidencetotheeffecttheinsecetswouldestusupofbridsfailedtocontrolthemtheecideucehadtobeconbmicinordertobewalid。Itispamfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandehticyet。(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointpfadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinisicrightreardlessofthepresencepfabsenceofeconomicadcantagetous。Apanallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymamalsandfish-eatingbirds(48)Timewaswhenbiologostssomewhatoverwordedevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweakorthattheypreyonlyon"worthlessspecies"。Somespeciespftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomici-mindedfpresterstheygrowtooslowtyorhaveasalevatetopayasimebercrops(49)1neurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thencommercialtreespeciesarerecognizedadmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason□lbsumup;asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomincself-interestishopelesstlylopsided(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue.butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Withouttheuneconomicpats。SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Ybuaresupposed(owriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative?Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"postgraduateassociation"instead0PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160200wordsbasedonthefollowingdeawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingbriefly,ecplainitsintendedmeaning,andthengiveyourcomments..YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)2023年考研英語(yǔ)完整版詳解SectionIUseofEnglishTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA解析：A項(xiàng)affect意思是“影響，感動(dòng)”；B項(xiàng)achieve意思是“達(dá)成，完成”；C項(xiàng)extract意思是“提取，榨出”；D項(xiàng)restore是“復(fù)原，重建”.這句話的意思是：他們想通過(guò)試驗(yàn)探究車間照明是如何影響工人的生產(chǎn)率的，所以答案是A。B解析：本題考査了固定短語(yǔ)endup的用法，endup意思是“最終成為……”，end和其它三個(gè)介詞的搭配都無(wú)此意，故選B。C解析：本句的大意為：探討最終總結(jié)為一個(gè)極具影響力的概念一“霍桑效應(yīng)"，也正是試驗(yàn)所探討的行為變更了工人們的表現(xiàn)。所以這里應(yīng)選擇C。B解析:作者這里表達(dá)的意思是這個(gè)問(wèn)題之所以引起大家的留意是因?yàn)楣S女工的行為令人費(fèi)解。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中perplexing意為“令人費(fèi)解的”，所以正確答案為B。C解析：本句的含義是：依據(jù)探討描述，當(dāng)照明燈變亮或變暗時(shí)，工人的時(shí)產(chǎn)量就會(huì)提高。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有描述含義的是C項(xiàng)accountsoB解析：這句話的意思是：試驗(yàn)中做什么并不重要。Donotmatter固定表達(dá)，故選B。D解析：考查solongas短語(yǔ)，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有變更，生產(chǎn)率就會(huì)上升。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA解析：A項(xiàng)awareness意思是“意識(shí)”，B項(xiàng)expectation意為"期望”，C項(xiàng)sentiment意為“”觀點(diǎn)，看法，D項(xiàng)illusion為“幻覺(jué)”，木句的大意是說(shuō)：工人知到自己木身是被探討對(duì)象-這一意識(shí)就足以變更他們的行為。所以選A。C解析：見第8題解析。D解析：見第8題解析。C解析：besubjectedto表示“聽從于，及……一樣'，為固定短語(yǔ)。A解析：contraryto表示"及…相反“。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境提示，空白處須要填寫一個(gè)能表示轉(zhuǎn)折意味的鏈接詞。A解析：只有evidence一詞可及found呼應(yīng)，表示“發(fā)覺(jué)或找到證據(jù)二Dmisleading**欺瞞性，誤導(dǎo)性的”，意思上來(lái)看，符合語(yǔ)境所表達(dá)的意思。B解析：forexample及上句呼應(yīng)，舉例說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。A解析：duly表示“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地，在同一個(gè)時(shí)間地"，填入句中后意思表達(dá)更精確。D解析：及前句dulyrose呼應(yīng)，遞進(jìn)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，故應(yīng)選continue。C解析：此句意思及上句相反，說(shuō)明另一種狀況，故應(yīng)運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)折詞but。B解析：tendtodo**傾向于做某事”，說(shuō)明一種常規(guī)的事實(shí)。D解析：hit能及aplateau搭配，意為“到達(dá)高地，觸及頂點(diǎn)”，句意才符合語(yǔ)境。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAl^xt1TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBACABText2C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)及商業(yè)專利方法在最近引起關(guān)注的緣由是是什么，解答本題應(yīng)定位二段首句并結(jié)合一段的主旨要義。二段首句指出“國(guó)家最高專利法庭打算對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利進(jìn)行縮減，這引起了了爭(zhēng)議?！币欢沃饕峒霸谶^(guò)去10年商業(yè)方法授予了成千上萬(wàn)的專利。由此可見，選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)原文的同義置換故為正確答案。B解析：推理推斷題。文章在二段提及Bilskicase,在四段提及對(duì)Bilskicase的結(jié)論性說(shuō)明，在四段中針對(duì)Bilskicase,聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)表了不同尋常的法令，而四段末句提到該法令引起對(duì)“siaiestreetBankruling"的是否重新考慮，由此可知B為正確答案。C解析：詞匯短語(yǔ)題。含有該詞的句子起到承前啟后作用，解答本題應(yīng)結(jié)合二段主旨及三段because后的句意來(lái)解題，二段提及“國(guó)家最高專利法庭打算對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利進(jìn)行縮減”,而二段提及introducedsuchpatents-approvingapatent…，由此可知，宣稱對(duì)商業(yè)方法的限制將會(huì)有巨大的看法轉(zhuǎn)變，故C正確。B解析：推論題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)二段二句及末段首句可知B符合文意。此題用解除法最為便利。文章的最終兩段未提到ACD的內(nèi)容。而B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合“thattoomanypatentswerebeing叩held",同時(shí)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合文章的中心。D解析：主旨題。文章首段提到“過(guò)去10年”，而二段首句轉(zhuǎn)到“Now”，文章的此脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)可知“Aprevailing〔read”可統(tǒng)領(lǐng)文意，此外文章二至四段，主要談及聯(lián)邦巡講對(duì)**business-methodpatents"的立場(chǎng)變更，故D為正確答案。Text3B解析，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題“文章提到TippingPoint真木書描述社會(huì)流行風(fēng)潮是由一小部分名人引起的，然而，筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)在首段末又說(shuō)44itdoesn*texplainhowideasactuallyspread進(jìn)而引出作者對(duì)名人傳播想法功能的探討。由此B選項(xiàng)正確。而A、C、D均不是作者要探討的問(wèn)題。D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。文章其次段首句44thesupposed■--plausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheory。以及末句"…。出），certainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends"充分說(shuō)明這種理論證據(jù)不夠足夠。而D選項(xiàng)正確的反應(yīng)了文中的內(nèi)容。A解析：依據(jù)題干，線索大致定位到第三段，但是第三段并沒(méi)有清楚的找到題解，而接下來(lái)的第四段清楚的反應(yīng)出了社會(huì)互動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的巨大影響這一內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)充分的表用白這一點(diǎn)。C解析：依據(jù)題干，線索定位到第四段。同過(guò)分析這個(gè)短語(yǔ)所在的句子，"Forasocialepidemic--sjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowith…"此句主要表明人們是如何被別人影響進(jìn)而又去影響別人的。而C選項(xiàng)恰是對(duì)這一點(diǎn)的正確表述。C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)題干，線索定位到最終一段，從"???relatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople*sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobe-"這句話中能夠得知社會(huì)影響動(dòng)力因素包括人們影響別人的實(shí)力包括被別人影響的傾向性。而C選項(xiàng)充分的體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。Text4A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。答案意為“遵循不利的資產(chǎn)評(píng)估準(zhǔn)則”。由題干中的“Bankerscomplained”和“force”定位于第一段第三行“Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit*sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch0**該句核心詞為rules,四個(gè)答案中只有A選項(xiàng)包含。A解析：推理引申題.答案意為“管理的作用的漸漸消逝，依據(jù)題干屮的專出名詞FASB定位于第三段。第一句提到FASB經(jīng)過(guò)努力使國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一些變革，這些變革給予了銀行更多的權(quán)利，也就是說(shuō)對(duì)銀行的管理更為松散，所以答案為"管理的作用的漸漸消逝”。C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。答案意為“獨(dú)立自主的制定法規(guī)”。依據(jù)題干中的“McCreevyobjectsto”定位到第五段。第五段提到馬上依據(jù)美國(guó)的變更做出一樣的反應(yīng)，歐洲的各界人士對(duì)此的反對(duì)非常劇烈，引用McCreevy的話是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)：歐洲要對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題有自己獨(dú)立的法律法規(guī)。C解析：句意題。答案意為“忽視了壞賬存在的極大可能性”。依據(jù)題干的信息定位到第六段Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebtso批判銀行一味的夸大"thatmarketpricesoverstatelosses”，而忽視了**thelikelyextentofbaddebtsD解析：情感看法題。文章探討了銀行針對(duì)astandard-setters”的敵意行為，特殊是文章最終一段更是明確的表明白作者對(duì)"standard-setters"的憐憫。PartBB解析：本題須要找出文章的首段，可用解除法做。首先A選項(xiàng)中提到**thefirstandmoreimportant-M中的“more”應(yīng)當(dāng)在前文中提到，故解除。B選項(xiàng)首句就提出了歐洲食品零售所面臨的問(wèn)題，依據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)法：提出問(wèn)題一分析問(wèn)題一解決問(wèn)題，此段符合首段要求，即提出了文章的中心問(wèn)題，而且本選項(xiàng)中也沒(méi)有明顯的須要和上文連接的關(guān)系詞，而其它選項(xiàng)都有明顯的及上文連接的信息詞，不能在首段出現(xiàn)，故B為正確答案。F解析：首段一旦確定，本段內(nèi)容便可依據(jù)上文順藤摸瓜，第一段最終一句話“but”后指出了雖然食品零賞商面臨著“alaslandslill（幾乎停止發(fā)展）”的問(wèn)題，他們卻忽視了一個(gè)潛在的市場(chǎng)即他們身邊的“wholesalefoodandtrade（食品批發(fā)市場(chǎng)）”。而F選項(xiàng)首句便舉例說(shuō)明法國(guó)、徳國(guó)、意大利等國(guó)家的食品批發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模比食品零售產(chǎn)業(yè)要大40%。而且在“moreover”后乂進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明批發(fā)的利潤(rùn)大零售許多。因此可以推斷此選項(xiàng)是對(duì)第一段的例證說(shuō)明。其中“forexample”是明顯的信息提示詞。D解析：上段介紹了食品批發(fā)商的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而D選項(xiàng)第一句“Allinall.thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhich-"則對(duì)上文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，其中allinall是較明顯的信息提示詞，即上文中提到的食品批發(fā)的優(yōu)勢(shì)推出這是明顯對(duì)于**bigretailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalingM是一個(gè)"market”。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。G解析：上段最終一句提出的“particularabilities”以及“newskillsandunfam山arbusinessmodelsareneeded。”，即零售商須要新的技能及不熟識(shí)的商業(yè)模式。而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到的“theserequirements（這些要求）”正是指上文所提到的技能。A解析：此題可以用解除法做，所剩下的選項(xiàng)只有A和C,須要留意的是本題并沒(méi)有明顯的信息詞，所以須要閱讀選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)而找出正確答案。此題前文的已知段落E選項(xiàng)中最終一句"〔woopposingtrendsw在A選項(xiàng)中得到了體現(xiàn)，即一方面由于人們選擇在外就餐而擴(kuò)大了食品批發(fā)的需求，而另一方面人們又起先感到“anxious（焦慮）”。而C選項(xiàng)第一句提到的“suchvariaiions”在上文中并沒(méi)有得到體現(xiàn)，因此可以斷定A為正確答案。PartCScinentistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem。解析:句子的主干是41scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidence后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句修飾that從句。totheeffectthat大意是，意思是:failto未能Jumpto馬上，趕快therescue營(yíng)救，援救，解救。參考譯文：科學(xué)家們馬上拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)前來(lái)救駕，大致說(shuō)的是假如鳥兒不能限制害蟲的話，害蟲就會(huì)把我們吃掉。butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinuesurvivalasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous?解析：句子主干wehavedrawnnearthepoint<>介詞短語(yǔ)ofadmittinglhat.o.作定語(yǔ)修飾pointo其中嵌套了that從句作admit的賓語(yǔ)從句。regardlessof.。.作讓步狀語(yǔ)。amatterof...?.的問(wèn)題，大約;drawnear接近，靠近intrinsicright天生的權(quán)利，固有的權(quán)利economicadvantage經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。參考譯文：但是我們至少己經(jīng)幾乎承認(rèn)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)：不管鳥類對(duì)我們是否有經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，生存都是它們的固有權(quán)利.Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon44worthlessspecies<>解析：主干timewaswhen...owhen引導(dǎo)了表語(yǔ)從句。Timewaswhen可看作固定短語(yǔ)，譯為“從前，曾經(jīng)二留意兩個(gè)并列同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。參考譯文：曾幾何時(shí)，生物學(xué)家總是重述以下的這條證據(jù)：這些生物通過(guò)捕食弱小的動(dòng)物去維持生物鏈的正常運(yùn)行，或它們只是去捕食“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的物種InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason。解析：句子的主體是“thenoncommercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofthenativeforestcommunity包含被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子開頭是一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，tobepreserved是修飾noncommercialtreespecies的成分。Withinreason合情合理的，理智的。留意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的處理。參考譯文：歐洲的林業(yè)從生態(tài)上講較為先進(jìn)，它把沒(méi)有成為商業(yè)化對(duì)象的樹種視為原始森林群落的成員而適當(dāng)?shù)丶右詯?ài)護(hù)。Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioningo解析：句子主干"IttendstoignoremanyelementsM個(gè)that從句意思上轉(zhuǎn)折，句法上為并列的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thelandcommunity0留意插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句以及代詞指代的處理。參