動(dòng)詞地時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)考點(diǎn)精簡(jiǎn)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)考點(diǎn)精簡(jiǎn)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)主語（動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）謂語（及物動(dòng)詞）賓語（動(dòng)作的承受者）被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語（動(dòng)作的承受者）謂語（be+done）by+賓語（動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）主動(dòng)語態(tài)的16種時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般Iwork.Iworked.Ishall/willwork.Iwouldwork.進(jìn)行Iamworking.Iwasworking.Ishallbeworking.Iwouldbeworking.完成Ihaveworked.Ihadworked.Ishallhaveworked.Iwouldhaveworked.完成進(jìn)行Ihavebeenworking.Ihadbeenworking.Ishall/willhavebeenworking.Iwouldhavebeenworking.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的10種時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般Itisdone.Itwasdone.Itwillbedone.Itwouldbedone.進(jìn)行Itisbeingdone.Itwasbeingdone.完成Ithasbeendone.Ithadbeendone.Itwillhavebeendone.Itwouldhavebeendone.時(shí)態(tài)考查方向要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.主將從現(xiàn)(條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中)I’llgowithyouassoonasIfinishwork..列車時(shí)刻表的語境，一般現(xiàn)在表將要發(fā)生---Whenwillyouleavetomorrow?--Myplanetakesoffat6:30am.一般過去式和典型的表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,theotherday,in1937,justnow…Thisnovelwascompletedin1998.過去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的行為或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作Whenheworkedinthecountryside,heusedtohelpthepeasantshere.表示剛剛發(fā)生的動(dòng)作--Tomhasbeeninhospitalforafewdays.--oh,Ididn’tknow.與have/hasdone的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生過，沒有任何意義；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果HelivedintheUSfor10years,buthehasneverregrettedgoingbacktoChina.(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和段時(shí)間連用)一般將來時(shí)willdosth.和begoingtodosth.之間的區(qū)別,willdosth.表示臨時(shí)起意begoingtodosth.計(jì)劃，打算好的。=1\*GB3①--I’msorry.Iforgottosendtheletterforyou.--Itdoesn’tmatter.Iwilldoitbymyself.=2\*GB3②HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.betodosth.計(jì)劃、安排要做的事情；表“指令”，相當(dāng)于should,oughtto,must;表“注定會(huì)…”WhenwereyoutoleaveforNewYorkYouaretoreporttopolice.Youaretosucceed.willdosth.主將從現(xiàn)的句子；表意愿；事物的發(fā)展必然趨勢(shì)I’llcallyouassoonasIcomeback.I’lldoitforyou.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.beabouttodosth./beonthepointofdoingsth./bedoingsht.when…….Iwasabouttogooutwhenthephonerang.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(同理，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來進(jìn)行時(shí))此刻正在發(fā)生的事情L(zhǎng)ook!Whatishedoing?目前處于的狀態(tài)Nowadays,smallvillagesaredisappearing.與always連用，表示贊嘆，抱怨等情緒。Youarealwaysfindingfaultswithothers.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.表方位移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞和趨向的動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)行時(shí)表將要發(fā)生；I’mcoming.Theoldmanisdying.Mymoneyisrunningout.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與典型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語連用，如in/during/overthelast/past/recentyears,sincethen,eversince,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,since….Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.固定句式=1\*GB3①It/Thisisthefirst/second….timethatThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecomehere.=2\*GB3②bythetime….Bylastyear,Ihadlearned3,000words.Bytomorrow,Iwillhavelearned3,000words.Bynow,Ihavelearned3,000words.Bymyparentscomehome,IwillhaveleftforBeijing.在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中，沒有一般現(xiàn)在，用現(xiàn)在完成IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.過去完成時(shí),通常的時(shí)間狀語是by/before引導(dǎo)的短語，bythattime,bytheendof,before2000,bythetime和一般過去時(shí)連用ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.固定句式Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhentherainpoureddown.Nosoonerhadwestartedthanthecargotaflattyre.Itwas10yearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.Itwasthesecondtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think等，用過去完成時(shí)表本打算….IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、get+過去分詞可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化，如：Shegotmarriedlastweek.她上周結(jié)婚了。Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.那位病菌人一周得到一次治療。Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.他從車上摔下來，摔死了。二、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1．系動(dòng)詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Ithasgonebad.高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)高.考.資.源.網(wǎng)2．表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3．表示主語的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞。如read,write,act,iron,cutdraw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個(gè)修飾語。Thiscoatdrieseasily.這種外衣容易干。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龍容易洗干凈。Thedoorwon’tlock.這門鎖不上。Yourspeech