2014年考研英語二真題及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.somewhatoverweightisoften ofgood

amongtheelderly,Ofevengreater5isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined6bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI7bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredoese.Obesity,moderayobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

,canbedividedWhilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballyers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MiceObamalaunchedahigh-visibilityn_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]、【答案】B【解析】題干中，一系列的研究已經(jīng)，事實上，正常體重的人的患病風險要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實際上是研究的結(jié)論，因此concluded符合題意，其他選denied(否認)與意義相反，doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠，ensured(確保)不符合題意，因為研究不能確保后面的事實，只能得出后面的事實作為結(jié)論。所以正確答案為B。、【答案】A【解析】題干中，對于某些健康情況，超重事實上是有 超重能減少罹患疾病的風險，說明超重具有一定的保護作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻煩，不符合題意，所以正確答案為A。[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]、【答案】C 一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞語。A選項instead表示逆接的句意關(guān)系，B選項however也表示逆接，D選項therefore表示因此，只有C選項likewise意為同樣地;也，而且。因此正確答案為C。[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]、【答案】A【解析】本句話中，，一定程度上超重，經(jīng)常是健康的。A選項，表示指示器，指標。Bobjective表示客觀;C選項origin表示來源，Dexample表示例子。案為A[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]、【答案】D relevance(相關(guān)性);C、assistance(輔助);D、concern(關(guān)注)。前文已經(jīng)說到肥胖事實上有利健康，但是又一個問題，到底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對肥的定義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為D。[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]in、【答案】Ainterms【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常BMI來定義。A、intermsof，根據(jù)……，就……而言。B、IncaseofC、infavorof表示贊成，以……來取代，D、inrespectof，關(guān)于……A。在醫(yī)學研究和臨床測試中經(jīng)常使[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]、【答案】CBMIBMI指數(shù)得出的方法，也就是一個數(shù)學，所以equal符合題意。Ameasure(測量、Bdetermine表示確定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]in、【答案】Cin 是將肥胖依次分級，所以正確答案為C。[A]complicated[B]conservativ[C]variable[D]、【答案】D 標準指的就是肥胖指數(shù)，肥胖指數(shù)分為三類，而且算法比較簡單，所以A復雜不正確，B選項保守用于描述一種數(shù)學不恰當一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般是確定的，因此可變的也不符合題意，D選項straightforward表示直截了當，符合題意，因此正確答案為D。 10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]【答案】B 指數(shù)，可 。從前半句我們可以看出，有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高，應該屬于體重肥B[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]、【答案】A【解析】本題可以簡化為：Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不難看出前[AstartBqualityCretireDstay12、【答案】Bqualify[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]、【答案】C除A、B;D屬中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，為正確答案。[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]、【答案】D"選擇""理由""機會""傾向"D(傾向)。后面一句也進一步證實了(出現(xiàn)在中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]、【答案】b[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]、【答案】D【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖的原型包括懶惰，缺乏意志力，對成功的期望值不高?？崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸?，缺乏意志力和對成功的期望值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)，分析四個選項，A.與。。。相比;B與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合題意，只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系，相關(guān)符合句意。[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]、【答案】A【解析】空格所在句的意思是小孩子蔑視超重，而且對身材的嘲笑直是學校的分析四個選項，只有Aeven即使符合題意。、【答案】D 肥胖，是基于對健康的關(guān)注，分析四個選項，能夠表達此意思的詞匯，只有選項D[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]、【答案】Dhospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,指向的意思是一個系統(tǒng)中所出臺的政策的問題，瀏覽四個選項，D選項policies符合題意，直接入選。[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]、【答案】B 兒童肥胖，甚至告訴 項，只有Bagainst符合題意。SectionIIReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnew esold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoften morevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching evision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayear ng,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’ideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywllspent.21AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpur[A]Abig[B]Aspecial[C]Astylish[D]Arich、【答案】BAspecial【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…"，意思是"花錢消費在經(jīng)歷方面更好……，比如說有趣的旅行……"，由此可以得知答案是B選項"一場特別的旅行"。Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTV、【答案】A【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayearng,andishardlyjollierforit"，意思是"普通人一年花兩個月的時間看電視并且看電視幾乎不可能更愉快"，因此可以得知作者對于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項"的"。Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowconsumersaresometimespopularityusuallycomesaftermarketingtricksareafterraritygenerallyincreases、【答案】DraritygenerallyincreasesMcRib這個例子，用這個例子證明的論點是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly"，大意是"有節(jié)制地消費奢侈品最令人愉悅"，D選項正是這句論點句的同義替換。Accordingtothelastparagraph,Happyhasleftmuchroomformayprovetobeaworthwhilehaspredicteda egapinthemaygiveitsreadersasenseof【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhile【解析】細節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent"，大意是"大多數(shù)人看完這本書后，認為物有所值"，因此可以推知B選項是正確答案。Thistextmainlydiscusseshowbalancefeelinggoodandspendingspendlargesumsofmoneywoninobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyemorereasonableinspendingon【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspending答案定位在A選項。TextAnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.edefenivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteemwestalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)werengsotomakeupforprofoundinsecuritiesInfactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisetheinthepictureasthemselves,therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,inlectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselvAccordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefound ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyillusorysuperiorityisbaselessourneedforleadershipisself-enhancingstrategiesare、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealistically【解析】題目問"根據(jù)第一段，社會心理學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"對應于文章第一段第三句"的人認為自己的力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不可能的。"由此可知，我們對自己評價過高。故答案為[Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhighVisualrecognitionisbelievedtoberapidconsciousintuitive【答案】Cintuitive認為是人們的反應。故答案為[C]intuitiveresponse。28Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedunderestimatetheirbelieveintheircoveruptheiroversimplifytheir【答案】Bbelieveintheir【解析】題目問"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣"。對應到第四段，第二句講到"believeintheirattractiveness。Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaning 【答案】[A"許多人討厭中的自己，從某種層面上說，他們甚至不承認中的人是他們自己。"可知viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思，故答案為[A]instinctively。Itcanbeinferredthatisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan.presenttheirdishonestdefinetheirtraditionallifesharetheir lectualwithholdtheirunflattering【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflattering為人們可以做什么?"對應于文章最后一段的第二句，該句講到"在臉書()中，人們象。"故答案為[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。TextCryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeel forubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheoutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefiniyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayyadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltearsBohchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybe fortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndomeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedyses.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraph sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstocryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultincryingusuallywinssympathyfromotheronewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeWhatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referCryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforTheembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheThetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttosoptheLinkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionof“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans havingnoeffectatleadingtoproducingdisastrousharmfultoWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheItmusthavearoletoyinman’sItismeanttogetattentionandItusuallyproducesthedesiredWhatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesofEmotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingExposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalEmotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomeEnvironmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionalTextWhentheernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergyHousingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityfortheernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalcanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntotheernment.Whilethesemeaureswouldbe intheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingnsifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousinghasattractedmuchinvolvescertainpoliticalshoulderstoomuchhaslostitsrealvaluein【答案】[Binvolvescertainpolitical【解析】根據(jù)本題題干中的housingsector可以對應到文章的第二段，中間說themostsignificant，所以最后這個是最重要的一個原因，politicallycharged和選項Bpoliticalfactors有對應關(guān)系，故選Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。A項的吸引注意沒有提及，Cshouldertheblame，D項說Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousingincreaseditshomeofferedspendingsufferedernmentdisappointedthe【答案】[C]sufferedernmenthistoricalprejudicesoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered是過去式，是對于原文history的同義反復，biases是對原文prejudices的同義反復。AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsborne allowgreaterernmentdebtforstoplocalfrombuildingpreparetoreducehousingstockreleasealiftedGDPgrowth【答案】[A]allowgreaterernmentdebtfor【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知，此人將會讓當?shù)赜脕韮斶€建房借貸60,000所房屋在未來的五正確的，而B(當?shù)亟ǚ?，C(準備減少建房借貸)，D(發(fā)布國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長的預Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironment lowerthecostsofregisteredlessentheimpactofernmentcontributetofundingnewrelievetheministersof【答案】[CcontributetofundingnewB項的意思是"有助于為新發(fā)展提供支持"，其中"為新發(fā)展提供支持"對應文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C選項中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)對英文中的haveasignificantimpact(意思是有重要影響)，符合正解的同義復現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項。Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,theernment implementmorepoliciestosupportreviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicrenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsstopgenerousfundingtothehousing【答案】[Dstopgenerousfundingtothehousing【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行。的是2015年以后的可能性動作。A項的意思是"推行的政策來支持住房"與原文意義相反。B項的意思是重新renew一詞。DSectionIIITanslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswou mend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heyzes