高三英語-閱讀理解之詞義猜測-課件

高三年級英語學(xué)科課題：閱讀理解之詞義猜測

2020高考英語閱讀理解之詞義猜測題策略與技巧StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求:要求考生讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：

1.理解主旨要義；2.理解文中具體信息；

3.根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；

4.做出判讀和推理；

5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

6.理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。2019年2018年2017年全國卷I1單詞stumble

1單詞dominant

2代詞that；短語thewatercatcher全國卷II2代詞I短語tugattheheartstrings1

單詞juicer2

代詞

that；句子

thetableareturned.全國卷III1短語takingon1

句子Moreismore1

單詞

displaced2017-2019高考全國卷閱讀理解詞義猜測題考查一覽表詞句猜測題包括：詞義猜測、代詞指代和句意猜測題。1.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系（同義或近義關(guān)系等），解釋說明（下定義，定語從句等），構(gòu)詞法（合成，派生等），文化常識等方法進(jìn)行猜測詞義。2.能夠把握代詞指代所在的段落或前文表達(dá)的含義，抓住關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，理清邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)而推斷代詞的指代內(nèi)容。3.能夠?qū)υ溥M(jìn)行語法或語義上的準(zhǔn)確分析，結(jié)合原文意義對劃線句子做出合理的推理和判斷，從而來進(jìn)行句意猜測。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)（learningaims）:一、邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義1同義或近義關(guān)系2反義關(guān)系3因果關(guān)系LogicalRelation1同義或近義關(guān)系猜一猜1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.對點真題：2.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodouble.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.（2017.全國卷Ⅱ.D)Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義的單詞或短語推知生詞的意思。常見信號詞：and,or,also,as…as，justas,

similarly等健談的2反義關(guān)系利用表對比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞，然后根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測詞義。常見信號詞/詞組有：but，yet，despite,however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrast，instead等1.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.2.Itriedhardnottomakeseriousmistakes,butIslippedup.猜一猜：傲慢的；高傲的出差錯，疏忽因果關(guān)系3利用因果關(guān)系猜詞義，常見的詞或短語：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin,accordingly,so…that等。

對點真題：OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.A.Apracticalidea.B.AvainhopeC.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire原因二、解釋說明法

（Explanation）1下定義2定語從句3同位語4舉例5標(biāo)點符號2定語從句3同位語下定義：is,mean,referto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對前面解釋說明

或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞

定語從句：定語從句修飾和限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇同位語：同位語是對其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明1.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.3.Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.1下定義猜一猜：啞劇語義學(xué)變戲法的人4舉例關(guān)注suchas，forexample，forinstance可以通過所舉事例推知前面內(nèi)容!…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018?全國卷Ⅰ?C)A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern對點真題：5標(biāo)點符號冒號、破折號和括號等標(biāo)點符號，可表示解釋說明。1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.2.Weareonthenightshift——frommidnightto7a.m.猜一猜：期刊夜班三、構(gòu)詞法

(formation)1合成法2派生法3轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點熟詞生意）合成法：指兩個或多個單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個新的單詞。猜一猜：①ill-treat______②single-handed______③new-born_______④color-blind______

對點真題：Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”1合成法A.mistakeB.drawbackC.difficultyD.burden虐待獨自色盲的新生的down+side2派生法常見的前綴有：in/im-:incorrect

impossiblemini-

:

miniskirt,minibusre-

:

rewrite,reuse,reconsiderdis-:

disagree,dislike,disappear,mis-:misunderstand,misleadfore-:

foretell,forecastover-:

overwork,overcoat,overuseant/anti-:antibiotics,anti-Japanesemal-:maltreat,malnutritionab-:abnormal,abusesub-subconscious,subtitle通過在詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變詞義不變詞性，后綴改變詞性不變詞義。后綴有：

-erteacher,worker,container-orvisitor,sailor,instructor-tioneducation,satisfaction-mentdevelopment,movement-ionaction,solution,conclusion-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful，careful-ablecomfortable,acceptable…3轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點熟詞生意）轉(zhuǎn)化法：把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。高考中?？际煸~生意,同學(xué)們注意積累，做題時也要結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行檢查。1.Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloudyourjudgment.2.Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.猜一猜：模糊狼吞虎咽四、生活常識和文化背景（Commonsense）Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean？A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.同學(xué)們可以利用生活常識和文化背景進(jìn)行猜測詞義，但每個人已有的知識和經(jīng)驗存在差異，做題時要多結(jié)合語境。對點真題:（2018全國卷）

五、利用上下文語境（Context）MyFavoriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries（系列）oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahl

IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithherc