2023年全國高考英語全國1卷(試題+答案)

PAGE2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試新課標(biāo)I卷第11頁(共13頁)2023普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試〔新課標(biāo)I〕英語試卷類型A考前須知：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。2.選擇題的作答：每題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題；每題2分，總分值30分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)〔A、B、C和D〕中選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addanshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2023)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetlfftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredlrgivingin,〞saidParks.21.WhatisjaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork. B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize. D.Hercommunitybackground.22.WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw. B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen. D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson. C.Sandra D.DayO’Connor.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfsstenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,〞saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemanazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.〞Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownB.AsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemC.SacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenD.GettoknowthemselvesbetterCIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2023,I’vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.〞SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:〞Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.〞Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplancetobeheldformere-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier〞inParagraph1？A.provider B.deliveryman C.collector D.medicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon B.ToNewark C.ToProvidence D.ToWashingtonDThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-reiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger. B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific. D.Itiscontent-based.33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese. B.TheFrench. C.TheMexicans. D.TheRussians.34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases. B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients. D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilence B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericans D.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold第二節(jié)〔共5小題，每題2分，總分值10分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Secretcodes(密碼)keepmessagesprivate。Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels〞Spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.〞38Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,Forexample,Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme〞wouldread“13520135.〞Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,〞bridge“mightstandfor“meet〞and“out〞mightstandfor“me.〞Themessage“bridgeout〞wouldactuallymean“Meetme.〞40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.36–40DEGFA第三局部英語知識運(yùn)用〔共兩節(jié)，總分值45〕第一節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題；每題1.5分，總分值30分〕閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2023.Larrywas41along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(滅火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毀壞的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrive,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.41.A.walking B.touring C．traveling D．rushing42.A.passengers B.colleagues C.employers D.customers43.A.Since B.Although C.As D.If44.A.each B.another C.that D.his45.A.flames B.smoke C.water D.steam46.A.used B.disabled C.removed D.abandoned47.A.gotholdof B.prepared C.tookchargeof D.controlled48.A.camedown B.camethrough C.camein D.cameover49.A.returned B.received C.made D.confirmed50.A.then B.again C.finally D.even51.A.Starting B.Parking C.Passing D.Approaching52.A.quiet B.still C.away D.calm53.A.for B.so C.and D.but54.A.explode B.slipaway C.fallapart D.crash55.A.asif B.unless C.incase D.after56.A.steppedforward B.backedoff C.movedon D.setout57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver58.A.forbidden B.ready C.asked D.free59.A.forcertain B.forconsideration C.reported D.checked60.A.patience B.skills C.efforts D.promise第II卷第三局部英語知識運(yùn)用第二節(jié)〔共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分〕閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容〔1個單詞〕或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop__61___(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I__62____〔arrow〕togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback__64____mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,__65___IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__67___(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmurecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby__68____(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69___(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.第四局部寫作〔共兩節(jié)；總分值35〕第一節(jié)短文改錯〔10分〕假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號〔〕，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔〕劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多著〔從第11處起〕不計(jì)分。Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothat1love.Thoughnotverybig,buttheRestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.SomePeopleevenhadtowaitoutsideMyuncletellsmethatthekeytohisSuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)〔總分值25分〕假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外貿(mào)公司兼職，已寫好申請書和個人簡歷〔resume〕。給外教MrJenkins寫信，請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式〔format〕。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，已使行文連貫。2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試新課標(biāo)I卷參考答案試卷總評：2023年高考英語新課標(biāo)I卷試題整體難度與往年大體相同，題型沒有重大變化。其中，閱讀理解體裁多樣，有記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力和推理判斷能力。完形填空仍是夾敘夾議文，著重考查實(shí)詞在語篇中的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，難度適中。語法填空和短文改錯涉及到動詞，形容詞，名詞，等常見考點(diǎn)，充分考查了學(xué)生對篇章解讀以及對語境和語法知識的掌握。書面表達(dá)是學(xué)生熟悉的書信文體，話題接近學(xué)生生活，人人有話可說，有感而發(fā)。給考生提供了充分的拓展空間，具有開放性，難度較低。第二局部閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，總分值40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題：每題2分，總分值30分〕A篇閱讀21-23ACDCB篇閱讀25-28ADCAC篇閱讀29-31BDBD篇閱讀32-35CADB第二節(jié)〔共5小題：每題2分，總分值10分〕36–40DEGFA第三局部英語知識運(yùn)用〔共兩節(jié)，總分值45分〕第一節(jié) 完形填空〔共20小題：每題1.5分，總分值30分〕41-45CCCBA46-50DADCA51-55DBDAC56-60BBCAC第二節(jié)英語知識運(yùn)用〔共10小題：每題1.5分，總分值15分〕61.attraction 62.wasallowed 63.officially 64.to 65.when66.permitted 67.introducing 68.its 69.days 70.the第四局部寫作〔共兩節(jié)，總分值35分〕第一節(jié) 短文改錯〔共10小題：每題1分，總分值10分〕71.that→where 72.but去掉 73.had→have 74.honest→honesty75.or→and 76.using→used 77.becoming前加of 78.the→a79.our→his80.stead→steadily第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)〔滿25分〕略2023高考英語書面表達(dá)分析書面表達(dá)是作為產(chǎn)出性測試的一種形式來考查學(xué)生的語言運(yùn)用能力。它不僅考查受試者對詞匯、語法等語言要素的掌握能力，同時也測試他們的語篇組織能力、語言表達(dá)能力以及邏輯思維能力。因此，書面表達(dá)測試要求考生通過寫作來測試寫作，屬于較高層級的直接測試，具有較高的效度。目前，我國的高考英語全國卷的書面表達(dá)測試通常采用“指導(dǎo)性寫作〞這一形式，“指導(dǎo)性寫作〔guidedwriting〕〞分為控制性寫作〔controlledwriting〕和半控制性寫作〔semi-controlledwriting〕,

控制性寫作的特點(diǎn)是對寫作的內(nèi)容、文體、長度等作了一定的限制，要求考生按照要求完成寫作任務(wù)。半控制性寫作對考生的寫作在某種程度上有一定的限制，同時又沒有限制得太死，而是給考生留有余地,考生可以在所限范圍內(nèi)增加細(xì)節(jié),豐富內(nèi)容,適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。下面，我們來分