高中英語語法虛擬語氣公開課課件-共

虛擬語氣【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】1.掌握虛擬語氣的基本用法；2.掌握含蓄虛擬條件句的用法；3.掌握錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句的用法；4.掌握名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣的用法；5.掌握wish/ifonly/wouldrather/asif/asthough從句中的虛擬語氣的用法。虛擬情況從句謂語主句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be用作were)would/should/could/mightdo與過去事實(shí)相反haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone與將來事實(shí)相反過去式/weretodo/shoulddowould/should/could/mightdo考點(diǎn)一虛擬語氣在if條件句中的用法exercises:IfI_________(start)alittleearlier,iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Ifshehadn'tbeensobusy,she_______(come).hadstartedwouldhavecome在條件句中可省略if，把were，should或had提到句首，進(jìn)行倒裝。①Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhavemether.→Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavemether.如果你早點(diǎn)來，你就會(huì)見到她了。②Ifheshouldcometomorrow，Iwouldgivehimthedictionary.→Shouldhecometomorrow，Iwouldgivehimthedictionary.如果他明天來，我就把這本詞典給他。考點(diǎn)二省略if的倒裝句Exercise:Ifiwereinyourposition,iwoulddothesame.______(be)Iinyourposition,iwoulddothesame.Were考點(diǎn)三錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，這種虛擬條件句稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句。動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。例如：①Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor'sadvice，youwouldbebetternow.如果你過去聽從了醫(yī)生的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。Exercise:Ifyou________(study)hardbefore，youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.hadstudied考點(diǎn)四含蓄條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件句表示出來，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通過with，without，butfor，otherwise，or等詞或短語來表示。例如：①Withoutyourhelpwecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkintime.(＝Ifwehadn'tgotyourhelp)沒有你的幫助我們不能及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。②Iwassobusythen.Otherwise，Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.(＝IfIhadnotbeensobusythen)那時(shí)我太忙了。否則我會(huì)告訴他答案的。Exercise:Thedriverwasreallycareless,otherwisethetrafficaccident______________.A.didn'thappenB.hadn'thappenedC.wouldn'thappenD.wouldn'thavehappenedD考點(diǎn)五名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1．用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。e.g.Hermothersuggestedthatshe(should)goandseethedoctor.她媽媽建議她去看醫(yī)生?！咎貏e提醒】★suggest表“暗示”，insist表“堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)不用虛擬語氣。試比較：?Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。?Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。?HeinsistedthatI(should)readhisletter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。?Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢。2．用于主語從句中常見句型：Itisimportant/necessary/possible/strange/...+that...Itissb'sorder/desire/suggestion/advice/...+that...Itissuggested/advised/demanded/requested/...+that從句謂語形式：（should+）動(dòng)詞原形e.g.?Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。?Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。3．用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是＂should＋動(dòng)詞原形＂，should可以省略。e.g.?Hisdemandisthattheboyshouldgowithhim.他要求這個(gè)男孩和他一起去。?Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)befriendlyentertained.短文改錯(cuò):Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.【答案】刪除can或can改為should從句謂語向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài),即①表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過去時(shí)②表示愿望與“過去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過去完成時(shí)；③表示將來愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小，從句常用could/would+動(dòng)詞原形。IwishIcouldflylikeabird.我希望能像鳥兒一樣飛翔。Ifailedintheexam.IreallywishIhadknowntheanswers.我考試沒及格。我真希望當(dāng)時(shí)我知道答案。考點(diǎn)六wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣Exercise:IwishI_______(meet)thatfilmstaryesterday.hadmet考點(diǎn)七其他句型中的虛擬語氣1．wouldrather后的賓語從句中，意為＂寧愿；但愿＂表示愿望，謂語多向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示愿望。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反,用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。?Iwouldratherhehadpassedtheexam.我寧愿他通過了那次考試。2．在＂Itis(about/high)time＋that從句＂中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去式或＂should＋動(dòng)詞原形＂表示虛擬語氣，注意should不可省略。?It'shightimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.3．a(chǎn)sif，asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中，謂語多向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。?ShespeaksEnglish