北京市東城區(qū)2019屆高三下學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)(一)英語(yǔ)試卷附答案解析

#【12題詳解】考查連詞辨析。A.If如果；B.Because因?yàn)?；C.Until直到才；D.Although盡管。根據(jù)下文Ihadtostayupreallylatetofinishthemall可知“盡管”作者每天疲憊地從學(xué)?；氐郊遥€是要熬夜到很晚。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.lecture演講；B.essay散文；C.play劇本；D.test測(cè)試。根據(jù)第三段theanswersheetforthetest可知這是一次關(guān)于羅密歐和朱麗葉的測(cè)試，故選D。【14題詳解】考查介詞辨析。A.by借助；B.upon在……之上；C.over越過(guò)；D.toward朝著。作者因?yàn)闆](méi)有準(zhǔn)備考試，因此只能“占用”午飯時(shí)間來(lái)準(zhǔn)備考試。takeover“占用”，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)；B.carried搬運(yùn)；C.lost失去；D.dropped掉下。根據(jù)上文Worsestill可知作者錯(cuò)過(guò)了課堂討論和筆記。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.depend依靠；B.agree同意；C.guess猜測(cè)；D.improve促進(jìn)。作者沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備只能“猜”問(wèn)題的答案。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。A.in屈服；B.off發(fā)出；C.out分發(fā)；D.away贈(zèng)送。根據(jù)下文可知作者剛要屈服的時(shí)候，作者的筆偶然掉下去摔斷Y°givein“屈服”故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.wrote書(shū)寫(xiě)；B.settled解決；C.calmed冷靜；D.looked看著。根據(jù)上文Standingbytheblackboard可知作者站在黑板旁邊，向下看可以看到試卷的答案。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.boredom厭倦；B.worries擔(dān)憂(yōu)；C.loneliness寂寞；D.tiredness疲憊。句意：我再也不用擔(dān)心考試不及格了！故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.whispered耳語(yǔ)；B.warned警告；C.persuaded勸說(shuō)；D.chanted吟唱。句意：我的心臟開(kāi)始狂跳，我的大腦在對(duì)我私語(yǔ)。故選A。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.coldest最冷的；B.saddest最悲傷的；C.longest最長(zhǎng)的；D.fastest最快的。句意：這是我人生中最長(zhǎng)的十秒鐘。故選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.suffering遭受；B.checking檢查；C.cheating欺騙；D.thinking思考。根據(jù)上文Idecidedtofinishthetestonmyown可知作者決定不作弊自己完成測(cè)試，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.certain確信；B.regretful后悔的；C.annoyed惱怒的；D.relieved減輕。作者沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備因此非常確信自己會(huì)不及格。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.open打開(kāi)的；B.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；C.optimistic樂(lè)觀的；D.energetic精力充沛的。作者沒(méi)有作弊，因此是誠(chéng)實(shí)帶來(lái)的愉悅。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.wisdom智慧；B.encouragement鼓勵(lì)；C.intention意圖；D.nerve神經(jīng)。句意：我盯著它看了幾秒鐘，才鼓起勇氣把它翻過(guò)來(lái)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.anxiety焦慮；B.shock震驚；C.fear害怕；D.appreciation欣賞。根據(jù)下文whenIlearnedthatIhadpassedthetest可知作者通過(guò)了測(cè)試非常震驚，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.paper紙；B.credit信用；C.rate比率；D.grade成績(jī)。根據(jù)下文C-可知是看到了成績(jī)，故選D。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.take帶走；B.put放；C.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.gain獲得。句意：我媽媽說(shuō)，最需要勇氣的勝利是發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的。takecourage“鼓起勇氣”，故選A?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。A.gradually逐漸地；B.exactly精確地；C.willingly樂(lè)意地；D.seemingly看來(lái)似乎。句意：現(xiàn)在我完全明白她的意思了。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.film電影；B.fact事實(shí)；C.ending結(jié)束；D.love愛(ài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，我的良心不僅可以得到放松，而且我也不必?fù)?dān)心會(huì)被抓住，像羅密歐與朱麗葉那樣遭遇悲慘的結(jié)局。故選C。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThePerfectSleepChairisdesignedtobethemostcomfortablereclinerchair.Whetheryouaresittingupright,relaxinginyourfavoriteTVviewingposition,orlyingcompletelyflatfbrsleeping,ifslikebeingonacloud.Acloudthathasbuilt-inheatandmassagesettingstomatchyourownpersonalcomfortlevel.Itevenhasabatterybackupincaseofapowercut.WithPerfectSleepChair,there'saperfectpositionforeverybody,eventhosethatprefertolieflatbutwanttheadditionalsupportthatmostmattresses（墊子）don'tprovide.Atthetouchofabutton,thePerfectSleepChairgentlyliftsyoutoanalmoststandingpositionsoyoucangetbackonyourfeetwithease.Someownersusethisfeaturedaily,whileothersuseitwhenrecoveringfromanillness.Timeandtimeagain,ourcustomerstellustheyaretiredofhavingtoreplacetheirreclinersduetoqualityissues.Wehearyou!ThatiswhythePerfectSleepChairishandmadeintheUSAusingqualityhardwoodsandonlythehighestqualityupholster（墊襯物）.Eachchairiscarefullycraftedbyworkersandnotjustabunchofrobots.Everychairstructureisguaranteedforlifeandtheelectroniccomponentsaregenerouslywarrantedforthreeyears.Simplyput,it'sthehighestqualitychaironthemarket_butitdoesn'tendthere…WhenyoupurchasethePerfectSleepChair,you'llgetyourchoiceofclothandcolors!You'llalsoreceiveWhiteGloveDelivery.Professionalswillcarrythechairtotheexactspotinyourhomewhereyouwantit,unpackit,inspectit,testit,positionit,andeventakethepackagingaway!Toensurethatyourproductandpurchaseprocessisofthehighestquality,ourcustomerserviceteamisheretoansweranyquestion,fivedaysaweek,from9a.m.to8p.m.Pleasecallusat800-958-8324.Accordingtotheadvertisement,PerfectSleepChair.（事實(shí)信息）helpsdetectillnessessupportsvariousbodypositionscomeswithanadditionalmattressadjustsitstemperatureaccordinglyWhatisthekeyfeatureofPerfectSleepChairintroducedinParagraph3?（推理判斷）A.Itissafe. B.Itislasting.C.Itisportable. D.Itiscomfortable.Whatservicecancustomersreceive?

A.Homedelivery.C.A.Homedelivery.C.A24-hourhotline.D.Amoney-backguarantee.【答案】31.B 32.B33.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了一種支持各種各樣身體姿勢(shì)的椅子PerfectSleepChair以及它的特色?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段第二句Whetheryouaresittingupright,relaxinginyourfavoriteTVviewingposition,orlyingcompletelyflatforsleeping,it'slikebeingonacloud.可知不管你是筆直地坐著，還是以你最喜歡的看電視的姿勢(shì)放松，還是完全平躺著睡覺(jué)，PerfectSleepChair都可以。故PerfectSleepChair支持各種各樣的身體姿勢(shì)。故選B。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Everychairstructureisguaranteedforlifeandtheelectroniccomponentsaregenerouslywarrantedforthreeyears.可知每一把椅子的結(jié)構(gòu)都是終身保修的，電子元件的保修期為三年?？赏评淼玫谌谓榻B了PerfectSleepChair的一個(gè)重要性能是持久耐用，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句You,llalsoreceiveWhiteGloveDelivery.Professionalswillcarrythechairtotheexactspotinyourhomewhereyouwantit,unpackit,inspectit,testit,positionit,andeventakethepackagingaway!可知專(zhuān)業(yè)人士會(huì)把椅子搬到你家里你想要的地方，打開(kāi)它，檢查它，測(cè)試它，定位它，甚至把包裝拿走!可知顧客可以收到送貨上門(mén)服務(wù)，故選A。IntheshorttimeSteveandZachhadbeeninsidetheirtentpackingtheirtools,wind-blownflamehadskippedfromthetopofonetreetoanother.Thelongdrysummerhadturnedtheforestintoatinderbox.“Let'sgo!Wecanmakeitbacktotheriverwecrossedtoday!”StevekeptBradyontheleadandtheirheadsdownagainstthefire-wind.ButBradybarkedasharpwarning.Aheadofthemlayathickcurtainofsmokeacrossthetrack.Theywouldnevermakeitthroughthat.Thedogwaspullingathisleadtryingtodrawthemawayfromthesmoke,andyetStevewasuneasy.Itseemedtohimthattheyweremovingawayfromtheriver.Suddenly,Zachcried."Zach!”Steveshouted.“AreyouOK?Whereareyou?”ThenBradypulledStevedownasharpslope（坡）.Atitsbase,Zachwasrubbinghisankle.AsStevehelpedhisfriendtohisfeet,Bradyliftedhisheadandsnuffed（嗅）thesmoke-ladenwind.Nextmoment,thedogboundedawayanddisappeared.Theboysshoutedforhim,buthedidn'tcomeback.Stevecouldn'tblameBradyforpanicking.Hehimselfwantedtoruneventhoughhedidn'thaveacluewhichway.

SteveandZachhadn'tgonefarwhentherewasafamiliarbark,andBradycamebounding,stoppeddirectlyinfrontofSteveandhithimwithhishead,pushinghimbacktowardtheslopethey'djustclimbed.ButStevedidn,tgetit.ThenBradygrabbedtheboy'sjeansandstartedpulling.Themessagewasclear,butStevehesitated.OfcourseherememberedBradysavinghisuncle'slifewhenthedogwasmuchyounger.Washestillsharpenoughtogetthemthroughthis?Nearby,apinewentupinawhooshofsmoke.Bradypulledagain,urgently.“OK,bigguy,"Stevegritted（咬緊牙關(guān)）.Bradyledthembackdowntheslopeandintothetrees.Notfarfromthemfirewastouchingunderbrush.Severaltimesthebigdogstopped.Oftenhechangeddirections.Stevewassotiredthathejustwantedtorest,butBradywouldn'thaveit.Thedogbulliedbothboystogoon.Howlongthey'dwalkedStevehadnoidea.Hewasalmostnumbwhenheheardit-thewonderfulsoundofrushingwater!34.WhathappenedtoSteveandZachatfirst?34.A.Theygotinjured.B.Theylosttheirdog.C.Theyweretrapped.D.Theybecameseparated.35.BradyranawaytoA.seekhelpB.findawayoutC.rescueZachD.escapeforlifeA.Theygotinjured.B.Theylosttheirdog.C.Theyweretrapped.D.Theybecameseparated.35.BradyranawaytoA.seekhelpB.findawayoutC.rescueZachD.escapeforlife36.A.Uneasy.B.Impatient.C.Numb.D.Uncertain.36.A.Uneasy.B.Impatient.C.Numb.D.Uncertain.HowdidStevefeelafterBradypulledhisjeans?37.A.anadventureB.anexplorationC.anescapegameD.atrainingprogram37.A.anadventureB.anexplorationC.anescapegameD.atrainingprogramThepassagebasicallydescribes【答案】34.D35.B36.D37.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了Steve和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒險(xiǎn)故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段第二句Steveshouted,“AreyouOK?Whereareyou?”可知一開(kāi)始Steve和Zach走散了，故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段最后一句Hehimselfwantedtoruneventhoughhedidn'thaveacluewhichway,可知Brady奔跑的原因是想要找到路。故選B?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Themessagewasclear,butStevehesitated.可知當(dāng)Brady脫下牛仔褲后，Steve猶豫了，故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。文章主要記敘了Steve和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒險(xiǎn)故事。故選A。CMostgroupsofplantsandanimalsarericherinspeciesandmoreplentifulneartheequator.Intheocean,thatholdstrueforcold-bloodedpredators（掠食者）.Butwarm-bloodedpredatorsaremorediversetowardthepolesandnoticeablymissingfromseveralwarmhotspots.Why?JohnGrady,anecologist,andhisteamconsideredthepossibility—warm-bloodedanimalsneedalottofueltheirmetabolism（新陳代謝）.Perhapscolderwatersarejustricherinsmallfish?Buttheyfoundthatathigher,colderplaces,thereisn'tactuallymuchmorefoodaround.It'smorethatwarm-bloodedanimalsareeatingamuchbiggershareofitthantheircold-bloodedcompetitors.Therealexplanationissimple.Ananimal'sspeed,swiftness,andintelligencedependonitsmetabolism,whichinturndependsonitstemperature.Sincebirdsandmammalscankeepheatingtheirbodiesinicyconditions,theyremainfastandattentive.Bycontrast,thefishtheyhuntbecomeslowerandduller.Atsometippingpointoftemperature,seals,dolphins,andpenguinsstartoutswimmingtheirprey（獵物）.Theybecomemorelikelytocomeupontargetsandoutpacethecold-bloodedpredatorsoftheirown.InGrady'swords,“Warm-bodiedpredatorsarefavouredwherepreysareslow,stupidandcold.”That'swhysharksandotherpredatoryfishdominateneartheequator,butcolderwatersarethekingdomofwhalesandseals.Bykeepingfoodtothemselvesinthepoles,thesecreaturescanthenspecializeonspecifictypesofprey,whichmakesthemmorelikelytosplitintoseparatespecies.ThekillerwhalesoftheNorthPacific,forexample,includemammal-eatingtransientsandfish-eating,year-roundresidents.Buttheworldischanging.It'slikelythatthesurfaceoftheoceanswillwarmby2to3℃withinthiscentury.Grady'steamestimatesthateverytimetheocean'ssurfacewarmsby1℃,populationsofseamammalswillfallby12%,andpopulationsofsealsandsealionswillfallby24%.But“predictionsarehard,”DonnaHauserfromtheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksnotes.“Polarbearsarelosersofawarmingworld,butsomepopulationsarestilldoingwell.Somegroupsofwhaleshavechangedthetimingoftheirmigrations;othersarehuntingindeeper,colderwaters.Thesechangesmightmakeseamammalsmoreadaptabletochangingclimates.Maybetheyjustneedtofindtheplaceswherefishremainslow,stupidandcold.”38.Whyaretheremoretypesofwarm-bloodedpredatorsnearthepoles?Becausethereismorefood.Becausetherearefewerenemies.Becausetheyarefasterandwiser.Becausetheyconsumelessenergy.Theauthormentionsthekillerwhalestoshow.thebenefitofbiologicalevolutionfoodpreferenceofdifferentseamammalsthedistinctionofspecifictypesofpredatorstheadvantageofconstantbodytemperatureWhatisDonnaHauser'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheseamammals?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Neutral. D.Sceptical.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?ArethePolesHeavenforSeaPredators?HowDoSeaMammalsTrackTheirPrey?WhyDotheWarm-BloodedLikeFoodCold?IstheWorldTooHotfortheWarm-Blooded?【答案】38.C39.D40.A41.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在赤道附近，大多數(shù)動(dòng)植物種類(lèi)更豐富，數(shù)量也更多。但是溫血食肉動(dòng)物在兩極的分布更加多樣化，在一些溫暖的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)明顯缺失。文章并且分析了這一想象的原因。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。第三段第二句Ananimal'sspeed,swiftness,andintelligencedependonitsmetabolism,whichinturndependsonitstemperature.Sincebirdsandmammalscankeepheatingtheirbodiesinicyconditions,theyremainfastandattentive.可知?jiǎng)游锏乃俣取⑺俣群椭橇θQ于它的新陳代謝，而新陳代謝又取決于它的體溫。由于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和哺乳動(dòng)物可以在寒冷的環(huán)境中保持體溫，所以它們保持快速和專(zhuān)注。因此極地附近有更多種類(lèi)的溫血掠食者是因?yàn)樗麄兏旄斆鳌９蔬xC?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句InGrady'swords,“Warm-bodiedpredatorsarefavouredwherepreysareslow,stupidandcold."That'swhysharksandotherpredatoryfishdominateneartheequator,butcolderwatersarethekingdomofwhalesandseals.可知“身體溫暖的捕食者更喜歡那些行動(dòng)緩慢、愚蠢和寒冷的獵物?！薄斑@就是為什么鯊魚(yú)和其他掠食性魚(yú)類(lèi)在赤道附近占統(tǒng)治地位，而較冷的水域則是鯨魚(yú)和海豹的王國(guó)。故作者提到鯨魚(yú)是為了說(shuō)明恒溫動(dòng)物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Thesechangesmightmakeseamammalsmoreadaptabletochangingclimates.可知DonnaHauser認(rèn)為這些變化可能使海洋哺乳動(dòng)物更能適應(yīng)不斷變化的氣候。他對(duì)于海洋哺乳動(dòng)物的未來(lái)是積極樂(lè)觀的。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段第三句Butwarm-bloodedpredatorsaremorediversetowardthepolesandnoticeablymissingfromseveralwarmhotspots.以及本文主要內(nèi)容是分析溫血食肉動(dòng)物在兩極的分布更多的原因，故選C。DLastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophycourse.Thedemandsofhismajor,hesaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.Thestudents,conversationfitsintoalargeralarmingnarrativeabouttheroleofthehumanitiesinhighereducation.Inatimeofdizzyingtechnologicalachievementandofrapidscientificinnovation,scepticsofthehumanitiesmayquestiontheusefulnessofstudyingAristotle,theItalianRenaissanceorChinesefiction.Actually,Iregretnotinterruptingthatstudenttoarguefortakingthatintroductoryphilosophycourse.Iwouldhavestartedbyremindinghimthat,formuchofAmerica,shistory,collegegraduateswerenotconsideredtrulyeducatedunlesstheyhadmasteredphilosophy,literature,politicaltheoryandhistory.Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fosteringengagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity,sfunctioninsociety.Iwouldhavealsomentionedtothestudentthathewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbetheultimatecoinoftherealm.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,Iwouldhavearguedthatwhileadegreeanchoredinthesciencesisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LooknofurtherthanthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinkedIn,SlackandFlickr,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocreditthattrainingfortheirsuccess.Contrarytothewidelyheldbeliefthathumanitiesmajorshaveahardtimegettingjobs,recentstudiesshowthatthosewithhumanitiesdegreesaresuccessfulintheworkplace,experiencinglowratesofunemploymentandreportinghighlevelsofjobsatisfaction.Theratiobetweenaveragemedian（中位數(shù)）incomesforhumanitiesdegreeholdersand

thosewithbusiness,engineering,andhealthandmedicalsciencesdegreeshasbeenshowntonarrowoverthecourseofacareer.Thecaseforthehumanitiescanalsobeunderstoodinlesstransactionaltermsandmoreasafoundationalpreparationforalifewelllived.Ahumanitieseducationplaysavitalroleinencouragingcitizenstoleadanexaminedlife.Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife7schallenges.Byallmeans,studentsshouldtakecoursestheythinkpracticalandfollowtheirinterests,butiftheyalsomakeapointofstudyingtheliteratureoftheRenaissance,orresearchingintomodernpoetry,oreventakingintroductoryphilosophy,wewillallbenefit.Whatdothestudents7conversationshow?Studentsfeelemploymentdifficult.Studentsthinkphilosophylessimportant.Studentsfindscientificinnovationamazing.Studentsconsideruniversitycoursesunsatisfying.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A.Highlyvalued. B.Equallyapplied.C.Strictlyassessed. D.Greatlyimproved.Theauthormayagreethathumanities.discoverstudents7artisticabilitypreparestudentsforgraduationraiseawarenessofsocialstatusprovidegreatinsightsintolifeA.CWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?A.CBDIntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)） C:ConclusionBD【答案】42.B43.A44.D45.D【解析】這是一篇議論文。作者就“哲學(xué)課程是否沒(méi)那么重要”展開(kāi)了論述，提出自己的看法和論證依據(jù)。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thedemandsofhismajor,hesaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.可知對(duì)話(huà)中學(xué)生提到他需要學(xué)習(xí)“實(shí)用”課程，而“啟蒙”只能等一等。目前，就業(yè)能力是最重要的。可知學(xué)生的對(duì)話(huà)顯示出學(xué)生認(rèn)為哲學(xué)不那么重要。故選B?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbe可知人類(lèi)獨(dú)特的創(chuàng)造力、想象力和道德推理能力都是在人文學(xué)科課程中培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的，這些才是真正有價(jià)值的，故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife'schallenges.可知作者認(rèn)為人們科學(xué)培養(yǎng)批判性思維、自我反省、同理心和寬容，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，這些品質(zhì)的作用才會(huì)變得更加明顯。故人文科學(xué)提供了對(duì)生活的深刻見(jiàn)解。故選D。【45題詳解】文章結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)首先通過(guò)學(xué)生的對(duì)話(huà)引入文章話(huà)題；然后分為三個(gè)論點(diǎn)；其中第二個(gè)論點(diǎn)中再展開(kāi)了三個(gè)次要點(diǎn)。故D選項(xiàng)最符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AreYouaPrisonerofPerfection?Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?46Areyousettingyourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan,tachievetheunachievable?Understandingwhatdrivesperfectionismisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdanchorthatkeepsusstuck.Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendriversofperfectionism.Webelievethatifwecanfashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,thennoonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe,llwinrespectandapproval.Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefusetoacknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthatshowingvulnerability（弱點(diǎn)）willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey'reweak.Theysticktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertodobetter.However,ifwecan'trelaxandenjoylightermoments,thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtakeourselvestooseriously.Sadly,wedeprive（剝奪）ourselvesofthesimplepleasureofenjoyingthemomentandbeingourselves.Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.Withoutfailures,we'llneverlearnfromourmistakes;we'llnevermoveforwardinourlives.Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromourerror,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible.50Releasingourselvesfromthedesiretoprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesandfailures—andenjoyourpreciouslife.Doyouholdanidealizedvisionthatisimpossibletorealize?Acuretoperfectionismistomakeroomforourhumanshortcomings.Doyoufearthatotherswillbehorrifiedbywhatyoujudgeaboutyourself?Theaddictiontostayingperfectprotectsusfromanysignofbeingimperfect.There'snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoperfectionareoftenisolated,eveniftheyseemoutgoingandpopular.Byacceptingourselvesasweareanddoingourbest,webegintoridtheshamethatdrivesperfectionism.【答案】46.A47.D48.E49.B50.G【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。羞恥和恐懼往往是完美主義背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。如果我們能塑造一個(gè)完美的人格，展示我們的智慧，完善我們的幽默，那么沒(méi)有人可以用批評(píng)來(lái)傷害我們，我們會(huì)贏得尊重和認(rèn)可?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?可知本空為列舉完美主義帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題是為一個(gè)你無(wú)法達(dá)到的目標(biāo)而奮斗、有一個(gè)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的理想愿景，故選A?！?7題詳解】本句為段首主題句。根據(jù)本段最后一句Theysticktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.可知堅(jiān)持正確、完美和優(yōu)雅的愿望，即使很明顯皇帝沒(méi)有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美讓我們不能忍受任何不完美的跡象。故選D。【48題詳解】根據(jù)上文We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertodobetter,為了做得更好，我們不斷地評(píng)估自己。下文評(píng)價(jià)這樣的行為“想要做最好的自己，并在過(guò)程中自我糾正，這沒(méi)有什么錯(cuò)?！惫蔬xE?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.我們意識(shí)到，在任何企業(yè)中失敗都不意味著我們就是一個(gè)失敗者。可知本段強(qiáng)調(diào)要學(xué)會(huì)容忍我們?nèi)祟?lèi)的缺點(diǎn)是治愈完美主義的方法，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文Releasingourselvesfromthedesiretoprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesandfailures-andenjoyourpreciousHfe.可知把自己從保護(hù)形象的欲望中釋放出來(lái)，我們就能從容地走過(guò)成功和失敗—一享受我們寶貴的生命。故本空強(qiáng)調(diào)要通過(guò)接受我們自己，并盡我們最大的努力，開(kāi)始擺脫驅(qū)動(dòng)完美主義的羞恥。故選G。第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）51.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)學(xué)生李華。你的英國(guó)筆友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他想了解北京近幾年發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。請(qǐng)給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：.變化；.原因；.感受。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I'mverygladtoknowthatyouareinterestedinthechangesinBeijing.Letmetellyousomeofthedevelopmentsduringthepastfewyears.Ihavewitnessedmanygreatchangesinmycity.Themostimpressiveoneistherapiddevelopmentoftransportation.Inthepast,peopletravelledmainlybybus.Nowadays,withmoreandmoresubwaylinesbuilt,itismuchfasterandmoreconvenientforpeopletogoalmosteverywhere.Additionally,thespreadofpublicbikeshelpspeopletravelanydistancemoreeasily.Allthesecouldn'thavehappenedwithoutthemeasurestakenbythegovernmentandapplicationsofnewtechnology.Ienjoytheseconvenienceseverydayandfeelproudofmycity.IamconfidentthatBeijingwillbecomemoreliveableinthefuture.Justcomeandhavealookyourself!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。【詳解】第1步：根據(jù)提示可知，本篇為一封郵件；假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)學(xué)生李華。你的英國(guó)筆友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他想了解北京近幾年發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。請(qǐng)給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.變化；2.原因；3.感受。第2步：根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要求，確定關(guān)鍵詞（組），如：beinter