現(xiàn)在時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

-.z.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成肯定句：主語+have/has+done(過去分詞)+其它HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done(過去分詞)+其它HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years"否定句:主語+have/has+not+done(過去分詞)+其它Hehasnotfinishedhishomework.過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下

:1.一般情況下，直接在動詞原形后面加

–ed.work---workedanswer---answeredobey---obeyedwant---wanted

2.以不發(fā)音的

-e

結(jié)尾的動詞只加

–d.Move---movedhope---hoped

divide---divided

3.字尾是輔音+y的動詞。則將y改i加ed.study---studiedtidy---tidiedsatisfy---satisfied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，這些詞的末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加

–ed.stop---stoppedregret---

regretted

drop---dropped不規(guī)則動詞過去式與過去分詞分類記憶表-.z.一、AAA.（原形，過去式和過去分詞一致）1.花費costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.傷害hurthurthurt4.讓letletlet5.放putputput6.朗讀readreadread7.設(shè)置setsetset8.打擊，碰撞hithithit9.關(guān)上門窗shutshutshut10.讓letletlet二、ABB（過去式和過去分詞一致）1)過去式、過去分詞含有-ought1.帶來bringbroughtbrought2.買buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughtthought5.尋找、探究seeksoughtsought2)過去式、過去分詞含有-aught5.抓住catchcaughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught3)過去式、過去分詞-t替換原形-d7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花費spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4)過去式、過去分詞在原形詞尾加t或d11.學(xué)會learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed12.意思meanmeantmeant13.燃燒burnburnt/edburnted13.做夢dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed13.處理dealdealtdealt14.聽hearheardheard5）過去式、過去分詞改為-ept15.保持keepkeptkept16.睡覺sleepsleptslept17.掃sweepsweptswept過去式、過去分詞改為-elt18.感覺feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼寫spellspelt/edspelt/ed7)過去式、過去分詞改為-aid20.孵蛋l(fā)aylaidlaid21.說saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8)過去式、過去分詞改為-old23.賣sellsoldsold24.告訴telltoldtold9)過去式、過去分詞改為-ood25站standstoodstood26.明白understandunderstoodunderstood10)其它變化27.得到getgotgot(gotten)28.坐sitsatsat29.照顧babysitbabysatbabysat30.離開leaveleftleft31.失去loselostlost32.找到findfoundfound33.有have(has)hadhad34.握住，召開holdheldheld35.制造makemademade36.懸掛hanghunghung37.照耀shineshoneshone39.贏winwonwon40逃跑fleefledfled41喂feedfedfed42.引導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)致leadledled43遇見meetmetmet三、ABA（過去式與原形一致）1.變成becamebeebee2.來ecamee3.跑runranrunABC（原形、過去式、過去分詞各不一樣）.過去分詞在過去式或原形后加-n或-en1.擊敗beatbeatbeaten2.破壞breakbrokebroken3.駕駛drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5.落下fallfellfallen6.給givegavegiven7.生長growgrewgrown8.知道knowknewknown9.吹blowblewblown10.扔throwthrewthrown11.展示showshowedshown12.弄錯mistakemistookmistaken13.拿taketooktaken14.搖動shakeshookshaken15.說speakspokespoken16.選擇choosechosechosen三種形式都有變化1是be(is,am;are)was;werebeen2開始beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飛flyflewflown6忘記forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺lielaylain8騎rideroderidden9打ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13寫writewrotewritten14去gowentgone-.z.二、現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志詞：recently;recentyears;thesedays/years;lately;since;for+時間段；inthepastfewyears;eversince;inthelastfivemonths;uptonow;sincethen;sofar;ever;never,yet;once;twice;already;before;justalready(已經(jīng)):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已經(jīng)):用于否定句,疑問句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(剛剛)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾經(jīng))HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing"never(從不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore"since(自從…以來)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(長達(dá))He’slivedinShepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在過去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前為止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前為止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/這個月/今年)三、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作,并對現(xiàn)在有影響。常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.Already，yet的用法already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑問句尾.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時間短語或從句連用.since,for的用法:since:(自…以來)1)since+時間點He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句for:(長達(dá)）for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince3o’clock"四、have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過*地，人已經(jīng)回來了have/hasgoneto去了*地，人還沒回來have/hasbeenin去了*地并一直待在那我去過**。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.2.---WhereisJim？--HehasgonetoEngland．（尚未回來）3.IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears．我到**已有三年了。1、現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發(fā)生在過去*一時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續(xù)，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：thismorning/month/year...，today等)連用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2、現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去*一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：1.Hehaslivedheresince1978/hemovedhere.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)2.Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。)此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))，或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如：uptonow，sofar到目前為止)等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。3.瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用，瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞：把動作換成狀態(tài)動作狀態(tài)動作狀態(tài)diebedeadbeginbeonborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbeoverleavebeawayjoinbeinarrivebeheremarrybemarried例如：1.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.2.Nick參軍3年了.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years3.他離開**好長時間了。HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.4.這本書我已借了4個月了Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.五、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是"助動詞have/has+過去分詞"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o'clock.Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.(2)一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與just,already,ever,never等副詞和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for.../since...ago/uptonow/sofar等表示一段時間的狀語連用。(3)一般過去時表示過去*個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對"現(xiàn)在"產(chǎn)生的影響。如：HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年參觀過**。(只說明去**的時間)(4)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如：Jillhasboughtanewputer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？Haveyouseenthefilm"

(B)Didyouseethefilm"[說明]你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.

(B)HelivedinBeijingfor8years.[說明]他在住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在住了8年，可能還會繼續(xù)在住下去。(B)句講的是他在住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在了。練習(xí)一、抄寫動詞以及過去式和過去分詞。-.z.1.be_______________-_________________2.e_______________-_________________3.go_______________-_________________4.do_______________-_________________5.have_______________-_________________6.drink_______________-_________________7.give_______________-_________________8.eat_______________-_________________9.know_______________-_________________10.run_______________-_________________11.say_______________-_________________12.see_______________-_________________13.find_______________-_________________14.draw_______________-_________________15.get_______________-_________________16.hear_______________-_________________17.begin_______________-_________________18.buy_______________-_________________19.leave_______________-_________________20bee_______________-_________________21break_______________-_________________22bring_______________-_________________23build_______________-_________________24bite_______________-_________________25catch_______________-_________________26choose_______________-_________________27cut_______________-_________________28fall_______________-_________________29fly_______________-_________________30forget________________-_________________31grow_______________-_________________32hit_______________-_________________33hurt_______________-_________________34keep_______________-_________________35lend_______________-_________________36lose________________-_________________37meet_______________-_________________38put_______________-_________________39read_______________-_________________40ring_______________-_________________-.z.二、用for或since填空1.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV________15years.2.I’vetakendrivinglessons_________lastmonth.3.Mysisterhashadhercellphone________amonth.4.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme___________mybirthday.5.Wehaven’tusedourcar________alongtime.6.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_________years.7.Tomhaswornglasses_________hewas7yearsold.8.

JillhasbeeninIreland_________Monday.9.Mr.JasonhasbeeninParis_______threedays.10.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.11.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_______7o’clock.12.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.13.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.14.Mikehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.三、改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。1.TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessor______________________hereforaboutaweek.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusband__________________________onthefarmforthreehours.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusician_____________________________________Chinaforamonth.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.He________________________________thearmy__________1985.HejoinedtheLeaguehalfayearago.HehasbeenaLeague________________________halfayear.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebus___________already_____________________forfiveminutes.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.Thegirl_____________________theschoolbagsinceSeptember.8.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshop___________________________________sincelastwinter.9.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm________________________________fortenminutes.10.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedog____________________________________fortwodays.11.Themeetingendedlast____________month.Themeeting___________________________________foramonth.四、用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother"—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—__________youever_________toAmerica"—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_________you_________"—I_____________London.4.—David_______________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere"—No,he______________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.五、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.

I_____________(wait)forhimfortwohours.Iamveryangry.2.

He_________(be)adoctorsincehewastwenty.3.

Thefilm__________(be)onforfifteenminutes.4.

________youever________(read)thatbookbefore"5.

________youever________(try)tochangeher"6.

Noone_____________(arrive)hereyet.7.

___________thebus____________(leave)yet"8.

I_______________(nottalk)tohimyet.9.I___________already___________(make)thebed.10.They__________just____________(go).Theywillbebacksoon.11.When___________you____________(meet)him"Lastnightorthismorning"12.She______________(note)hererecently.13.She___________(neversee)themanbefore.14.I____________(meet)himbefore,butIforgethisname.15.Itiseleveno’clock.He______________(note)backyet.16.He_______________(write)fivestoriessofar.17.She______________(be)ateacherfortenyears,shelikesherjobverymuch.18.____________she_____________(call)onyoulately"選擇題1、Both

his

parents

look

sad.Maybe

they

_________what's

happened

to

him.A.

knew

B.

haveknown

C.

mustknow

D.willknow2、He

has

_______been

to

Shanghai,has

he"A.

already

B.never

C.ever

D.still

3、Have

you

met

Mr

Li______？A.

just

B.

ago

C.before

D.

amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.is

writing

B.was

writing

C.wrote

D.has

written5、—Ourcountry

______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.has

changed;well

B.

changed;goodC.has

changed;better

D.

changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already

______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studying

B.will;studyC.has;studied

D.are;studying7、We______*iao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl.A.know

B.

had

known

C.have

known

D.

knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.A.

will

see

B.

have

seen

C.

saw

D.see9、—These

farmers

have

been

to

the

United

States.

—Really"When_____

there"A.will

they

go

B.

did

they

goC.

do

they

go

D.

have

they

gone10、—______you___your

homework

yet"

—Yes.I_____

it

a

moment

ago.A.

Did;do;finished

B.

Have;done;finishedC.

Have;done;have

finished

D.

will;do;finish11、

His

father

______the

Party

since

1978.A.

joined

B.

hasjoined

C.

wasin

D.

has

been

in12、—Doyouknowhimwell"—

Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.

were

B.havebeen

C.havebee

D.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou

____here"—Abouttwomonths.A.

been

B.

gone

C.

e

D.

arrived14、Hurry

up!The

play__________for

ten

minutes.A.

has

begun

B.

had

begunC.

has

been

on

D.

began15、

It

_____ten

years

since

he

left

the

army.A.

is

B.

has

C.

will

D.

wa