2022職稱英語考試閱讀綜合輔導：第四講

2022職稱英語考試閱讀綜合輔導：第四講（1）利用定義和釋義

有時在一篇文章中，估量到某個詞或詞組讀者可能不熟識，就經(jīng)常在這個詞或短語后面直接給出定義或換一種說法進展解釋。例如：

Theyneedtomaketheirincomemeetthecostofliving;somanypeopleplanafamilybudget.Abudgetisalistofmonthlyexpenses．

Expertsinkinetics,intheirstudyofbodymotionsasrelatedtospeech,hopetodiscovernewmethodsofcommunication.

Hewasaveryastutebuyer,estimatingvaluesverycarefullyandneverallowinghimselftobedeceived.

Sociologyisthetermusedtodescribethescientificstudyofhumansociety.

Thesemedicalstudentshavedecidedtobecomepediatricians,thatis,doctorsspecializinginthecareanddiseasesofchildren.

Ajetty——awallbuiltoutintothewater,protectstheharbor.

Toboycottastoremeanstorefusetoshopinthestore.

Janeisindecisive,thatis,shecan”tmakeuphermind.

Ithoughttheywereold-fashioned,thinkingtoomuchofoldwaysandideas.

Hausa,namelyalanguageoftheSudan,iswidelyusedasatradelanguagethroughoutwesternAfrica.

Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson”slifewrittenbyhimself.

Holography,orthree-dimensionalphotography,hasmanyindustrialapplications.

Everyonceinawhileinsomepartoftheworldoranother,thegroundsuddenlyshakes,andwecalltheeventanearthquake.

Carbonmonoxide（co）isanoxiousgaswhichcancausedeath.

Hehadawanlook.Hewassopaleandweakthatwethoughthewasill.

Shouldthegovernmentregulatethecostofresourcessuchasoilandgas?Somepeopledonotbelievethatgovernmentcontrolisthesolutiontotheproblemoftherisingcostoffuel.

（2）利用同義詞或反義詞

反義詞前通常有but,however,not,yet,while,although,nevertheless,unlike,instead,incontrast等信號詞。

Hisnaiveté,orinnocence,wasobvious.

MysisterKathyislivelyandoutgoing,however,Iamratherintroverted.

MarywasjubilantbutJanewassorrowful.

DannywashesitantwhereasJeanleanedforwardeagerly.

Hershirtwascleanbuthershoesweregrubby.

Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.

Theirfriendslaughedatthem,andmysistersfeltwretched,veryunhappy.

Ithasanenormous,averypowerfulinfluenceonourlives.

Inanagingpersonthenewcellsmaynotbeasviableorascapableofgrowthasthoseofayoungman.

（3）利用文中的舉例或示意

Thedromedary,likealldesertanimals,cangoforlongperiodsoftimewithoutdrinkingwater.

（我們可以猜想dromedary是一種沙漠里的動物）

Nocturnalcreatures,suchasbatsandowls,havehighlydevelopedsensesthatenablethemtofunctioninthedark.

（我們可以猜想nocturnalcreatures是蝙蝠和貓頭鷹一類的動物，進而推想出“夜間活動的動物）

Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigerators,andcolortelevisions.

Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupagoal,lwon”tgiveitupeasily.

InthecornerthereisaChristmastreedecoratedwithshiningornaments,suchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts.

（4）利用構詞法

英語中很多單詞汲取了古希臘語和拉丁語的特點，形成了詞根和詞綴（前綴和后綴）的特點。因此解和把握一些常用的詞根、前綴和后綴的根本意思，對于我們擴大詞匯量，分析一個單詞的各個組成局部并依據(jù)單詞的詞根、前綴或后綴的意義猜想詞義，是大有幫忙的。

例如：

前綴意思例詞

ante-beforeanteroom,ante-Christian

polymanypolytechnic

詞根意思例詞

-anthro-mananthropography

-homo-samehomophone

后綴意思例詞

-atetomakeconsolidate,isolate

-ousfullofnervous,glorious

解題技巧：

面對詞匯題，考生要留意兩個問題：其一，假如所遇的是一般詞匯，切忌通過自己所把握的某個含義來對它進展選擇，而應緊扣該詞匯消失處的上下文內容對該詞的含義進展推斷。由于往往這類詞匯是多義詞，你所把握的含義只是它最常用的一個含義，而不肯定是在這篇文章中的含義。因此，你只有切實依據(jù)上下文，在特定的語境中方能獵取這個