新目標(biāo)英語八年級下現(xiàn)在完成時教案及練習(xí)

第1頁共8頁現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)--練習(xí)資料我們先來翻譯幾個句子：1你已經(jīng)問過這個問題兩遍了，別再煩我了。2我能借你的字典用一下嗎？對不起，已經(jīng)借給tom了。你以前見過她嗎？不，向來沒有過。你以前往過北京嗎？是的我去過那邊三次。你已經(jīng)看完那本小說了嗎？是的，我已經(jīng)把它還給圖書館了。＊基本定義：現(xiàn)在完成時有兩種用法1.過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。2.表示過去發(fā)生的、連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)

。句型變換1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.（改為否定句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore2.LiMinghasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（改為一般疑問句并做必定和否定回答）_____________LiMing_____________finishedhishomeworkyet?Theyhavebeenheresince2000.對(劃線部散提問)havetheybeenhere?＊句型構(gòu)成：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞（p.p）①必定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語（也許其他）.②否定句：主語+havenot/hasnot+動詞的過去分詞（p.p）（V-ed）+賓語.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞（p.p)（V-ed）+賓語（也許其他）?④特別疑問句：特別疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他第2頁共8頁將一般過去時的句子改寫為現(xiàn)在完成時的句子。1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________用法一＊一表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,（重申結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）比方Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.對(現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.領(lǐng)悟時間狀語：Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.Hehasnotcomeyet.＊二.平時與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just(謂語動詞以前)（方才），already（已經(jīng)(必定句)）,before（以前）,yet（一般疑問(句末）,已經(jīng)；否定句：還）never（從不）,ever(疑問句)twice（兩次）,recently(近來）等狀語連用，能夠和剎時動詞和連續(xù)性動詞連用,請先圈出時間狀語，再用詞的合適形式填空I________(have)lunchalready.thetrain_______(arrive)yet?3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.8._____he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?第3頁共8頁He______ittomorrow.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也能夠表示向來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將連續(xù)下去。動詞使用連續(xù)性動詞。和表時間段的時間狀語連用。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間連用，sofar,upto/tillnow到目前為止,inthelast/past+一段時間，allone’s某life人的一世中,bynow,thesedays目前，fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?一、注意：(1)since＋一段時間＋ago＝for＋時間段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+時間點＝for＋時間段since2000=for13yearssince+從句(常用一般過去時)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時間了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.二、用for或since填空。JillhasbeeninIreland________Monday.JillhasbeeninIreland__________threedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_____7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry________1974.Thebusislate.We'vebeenwaiting________20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.Mikehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital________OctoberIt’stenyears______wemeteachotherlasttime.HehastaughtEnglish_______25years.TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm______1990.Theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar_______twohours.13.Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter?－_____8yearsago.Ihaven’tgoneforawalkinthepark________alongtime.He’sbeencollectingstamps_______hewasinprimaryschool.第4頁共8頁Peterhasbeentosummercamp________3times.＊依照上面的學(xué)習(xí)，我們能夠總結(jié)下動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)律一、規(guī)則變化在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：①原形+ed如：worked,passed②詞尾是e時，直接加d如：likedlived③若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾為“元音字母+y”時，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried④末端只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個輔音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped二、不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞巧記規(guī)律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eaten用法三：（難點）非連續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時短暫性動詞在必定句、疑問句中不能夠與時間段連用。為了表述意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動詞來代替非連續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty電影開始五分鐘了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan一、三種類：第一類：動詞→be+adj.:Die，finish，open/close，fallill/asleep，marrysb/getmarriedto第二類：動詞→be+介詞.:start/begin，leave，Join，第三類：動詞→另一個動詞:Buy，Borrow，get/beginto連續(xù)性v，.Become，puton二、巧記剎時性動詞的變換第5頁共8頁“開始走開借來還，出生入死買到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，開開關(guān)關(guān)變結(jié)束1beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwearFallBeasleep13catchacoldhaveacoldasleep14openbeopen15closebeclosed三/短暫性動詞變換為以下連續(xù)性動詞也許表示能夠連續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.2)Theycameherelastweek.Theyheresince_____________.②cometo/gobackto/returntobebackto→goout→beoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2)WereturnedtoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.③become→beIbecameateacherin2000.I__________ateacherfor___________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_______dirtyfor

_________.④close→beclosedopenbeopen→Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_________for________.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_____________forsixhours.⑤getup→beup;diebe→dead;leavesp.beaway→fromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleepbeasleep→;finish/endbe→over;marry→bemarried;Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.第6頁共8頁⑥start/begintodosth.dosth.;→beginbe→onIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep;lose→nothave;buy→have;putonwear→catch/getacold→haveacold;gettoknow→knowTheyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.⑧have/hasgonetohave→beeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He______a_____fortwoyears.He_____a____the________fortwoyears.He_____theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________for_______

___________.?？伎键chavebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那邊。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。比方：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays布.朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears他.們到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“以前往過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那邊了?？膳c

just,ever,never等連用，比方：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我方才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall瑪.麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前以前往過杭州嗎？Have(has)beento后邊可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。比方：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes他.們?nèi)ミ^那個農(nóng)村好幾次了。3、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，比方：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop他.到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon杰.克.約翰遜到倫敦去了用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空—Hi，Lucy，youeverBeijing？第7頁共8頁—No，I.—Whataboutyoursister，Lily？—Oh，sheChengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的差異現(xiàn)在完成時重申現(xiàn)在的情況，而一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，能夠和表示過去的時間狀語連用。和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago飛.機是一刻中以前來的。（重申換作發(fā)生的時間在過去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作向來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會連續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）用括號中所給的動詞的合適形式完成以下句子。Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?______you______(find)yourwatchyet?---Areyouthirsty?---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.We________already______(return)thebook.______they_____(build)anewschoolinthevillage?---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?---Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.I______(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?What______they_____(do)withthenewspaper?Theyhavereadthem.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.WuDong_____(be)asoldierforoneyear.Thestudents______(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth.Howlong______you______(know)him?Mike______(make)quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina.I_____(give)myfriendanicebookrecently.LiPingandWuDong______(see)theoldmanthreetimes._____sheever_____(teach)youEnglish?Thesechildren_____(stay)intheparkfortwohours.綜合練習(xí)（家庭作業(yè)）：第8頁共8頁一、完成句子1.A：你收集貝殼有多長時間了？B:自從我上中學(xué)以來。A：Howlong______you_________________shells?B：________I_________tomiddleschool.2.我溜冰已有五個小時了。I___________________________5hours.3.A:這是你首次參加溜冰馬拉松嗎?B:不,昨年我參加過。A:Wa