2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.翻譯題Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,likeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturn-by-turndirections—spokenbyaclearhuman-soundingvoice,andwrittenonascreeninfrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakessignalsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24globalpositioningsystem(GPS)satellites.Bymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaltotravelbetweenthesatellitesandtheantenna,thecar’slocationcanbepinneddownwithin100meters.Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar’spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware—thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver’srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW’ssystemoffersasetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou’dliketogetto.Audi’sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthatrecitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemslikeBMW’sandLexus’shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavailableinFrench,German,Spanish,DutchandItalian,aswellasEnglish.Thedrivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,shortestornofreeways.2.單選題Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally____improvementsindiet.問題1選項A.attributedtoB.adjustedtoC.adaptedtoD.accustomedto3.翻譯題機器人我們正生活在一個機器人承擔(dān)許多工作的時代。機器人可以制造汽車、駕駛飛機和處理賬單。不過這些機器人并不是人形機器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來代替人做某些工作的機器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機器人可以在汽車裝配線上焊接車身和噴漆。使用機器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長時間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強烈的噪音或是有危險射線的場合，隨著機器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會下降。盡管機器人正在迅速承擔(dān)工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務(wù)活卻似乎還差得很遠。問題在于即使干一半的家務(wù)活也需要有一個非常復(fù)雜、非常昂貴的機器人。4.單選題Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.問題1選項A.contractionB.collisionC.corrosionD.corruption5.單選題Ifyoucannotattendthemeeting,pleasefindsomeoneto____foryou.問題1選項A.replaceB.substituteC.displaceD.misplace6.翻譯題中國具有數(shù)倍于法國（France）那么大的面積（area）。7.單選題____effortsareneededinordertofinishimportantbutunpleasanttasks.問題1選項A.ConsecutiveB.CondensedC.PerpetualD.Persistent8.單選題Eightypercentofmotherscradletheir____intheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.問題1選項A.infantsB.hosesC.handkerchiefsD.fences9.單選題Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust____allprofitstothegovernment.問題1選項A.turndownB.turnupC.turnoutD.turnin10.單選題Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthatthesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theeasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa（1）ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally（2）fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa（3）routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.（4）,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,（5）muchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingvery（6）.Oneanswerwouldseemtobe（7）periodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths.（8）,recentresearchhasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttogobacktotheir（9）habitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweekendandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyanyadaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttothosepermanentnightworkerswhose（10）maypersistthroughallweekendsandholidays.問題1選項A.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.matter問題2選項A.takesB.spendsC.demandsD.asks問題3選項A.formerB.returnedC.reversedD.regular問題4選項A.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.InawordD.Incomparison問題5選項A.thoughB.sothatC.whileD.as問題6選項A.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happily問題7選項A.shorterB.betterC.longerD.nicer問題8選項A.SoB.InshortC.SimilarlyD.However問題9選項A.newB.normalC.temporaryD.favorite問題10選項A.wakefulnessB.sleepC.preferenceD.habit11.單選題“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissysoon—orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog’seggs,theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses.“Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisright,”saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy’smysteriousbillionaireowner;he’sputup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M’sresearch.Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsuper-smart.Missy’smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevsnurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,”Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?”1.By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.2.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?3.BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.4.Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.5.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.問題1選項A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatallB.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpracticalC.humancloningshouldbedoneselectivelyD.humancloningisafoolishundertaking問題2選項A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.問題3選項A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumansB.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperamentC.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspeciesD.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclones問題4選項A.abadtemperB.immunedeficiencyC.defectiveorgansD.anabnormalshape問題5選項A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturityB.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspeciesC.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurtureD.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumans12.單選題Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal—aperiodwhennorthpolebecomessouthpoleandsouthpolebecomesnorthpole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metersofdeepseasediment(沉淀物)core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelongtermdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears—themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten(熔化的)ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteorimpacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsaysintensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?2.Theword“flip”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans____.3.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?4.TheFrenchgeophysicists’studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin____.5.InPeterOlson’sopiniontheFrenchexperiment____.問題1選項A.PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNatureB.MeasurementoftheEarth’sMagnetic-FieldIntensityC.FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarthD.ANewApproachtothestudyofGeophysics問題2選項A.declineB.intensifyC.fluctuateD.reverse問題3選項A.Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth’smagneticfield.B.Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth’smagneticfield.C.Theoriginoftheearth’smagneticfield.D.Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.問題4選項A.itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth’smagneticfieldB.thewaytheearth’smagneticintensityismeasuredC.itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth’spolarityD.thewaytheearth’sfluctuationrhythmisdefined問題5選項A.islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearthB.hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversalsC.iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisastersD.hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld’sgeophysicists13.翻譯題美國人民非常欽佩中國幾千年來在人類文化、宗教、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻。我們銘記著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間兩國的牢固伙伴關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在我們看到中國處在這樣一個歷史時刻：你們目前氣勢磅礴的改革和更加美好的未來是可以和輝煌的往昔相提并論的。僅僅三十年前，中國基本上與世隔絕，現(xiàn)在中國參加了從航空領(lǐng)域到農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一千多個國際組織，影響遍及國家的各個領(lǐng)域。你們已經(jīng)較大地開放了貿(mào)易和投資領(lǐng)域。今天有四萬年輕的中國學(xué)生在美國學(xué)習(xí)，另外還有幾十萬人在亞洲、非洲、歐洲和拉丁美洲學(xué)習(xí)。你們在經(jīng)濟和社會的改變過程中表現(xiàn)十分突出，你們從封閉的、指令性的經(jīng)濟體制過渡到蓬勃發(fā)展的、依靠市場力量的經(jīng)濟體制。近20年來，這種經(jīng)濟取得前所未有的增長。人們有更多的自由在國內(nèi)外旅行；人們可以選舉自己的村長；可以擁有自己的房子；可以選擇自己的職業(yè)和上更好的學(xué)校。這樣，你們使上億人民脫貧，人均收入在過去十年里翻了一番多，今天中國人民所過的生活是他們過去二十年來根本想象不到的。當然這些變化也打亂了一成不變的生活工作方式，也給環(huán)境造成極大的負擔(dān)。過去，每一個城市公民都保證在國有企業(yè)有份工作，現(xiàn)在必須競爭。過去，工人只需要滿足中央計劃安排的要求。現(xiàn)在進入全球經(jīng)濟時代，這意味著你們必須和全世界的質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)造性相競爭。在短期內(nèi)，那些有能力的勤勞的人，至少有一部分也將會失業(yè)。正如你們所看到的，過去的20年的發(fā)展模式和能源使用模式，使中國在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟、保健方面付出了巨大的代價：空氣污染、樹木減少、酸雨、水資源短缺。面對這些挑戰(zhàn)，必須制定新的培訓(xùn)和社會保障制度體系。引進新的環(huán)保政策和技術(shù)，一方面使經(jīng)濟增長，另一方面改善環(huán)境。14.單選題Iamfeelingtootiredtodriveanymore,willyou____?問題1選項A.turnoverB.takeoverC.handoverD.goover15.翻譯題Nowzoomforwardtoourpresenttimeandthinkofourpre-Internetcommunicationsystemsassortsofprotozoa(原生動物).Whatwe’rewitnessingtodayintherealmofcyberspace—theonlinereformulationofeverythingfromthewayweplayandlearntohowweshopandtradestocksmayrepresentnolessaworldtransformingchangethanthespectacularburstofcreationsolongago.Onenotabledifference:theprimevalorganismsdidnothaveaguidebooktoinformthemaboutwhattoexpectandhowtodealwithsomeofthefabulousthingstocome.Wedo,intherecentlyreleasedNewRulesfortheNewEconomybyKevinKelly,afoundingeditorofWiredmagazine.“Thekeypremiseofthisbookisthattheprinciplesgoverningtheworldofthesoft—theworldofintangibles,ofmedia,ofsoftware,andofservices—willsooncommandtheworldofthehard—theworldofreality,ofatoms,ofobjects,ofsteelandoil,andthehardworkdonebythesweatofbrows.”Kellywrites.“Drivingthiseconomictransformationisthecombinationofshrinkingcomputersandexpandingcommunications,”hesays,“Wehaveseenonlythebeginningsoftheanxiety,loss,excitement,andgainsthatmanypeoplewillexperienceasourworldshiftstoanewhighlytechnicalplanetaryeconomy.”Doesthatsoundliketechnohype?It’sbarelyatasteoftheradicalandoftencounterintuitive“rules”thatKellydishesout.Heemploysanaphoristic(格言的)and,well,wiredstylethatwilleasilyappealtogeeksandshouldalsoturnonanymainstreamreaderswhoarealittlemorethancuriousaboutwherethedigitallyrenderedworldisheaded.Whereit’slikelyheaded,inKelly’swords,is“upsidedown”.Chew,forexample,ontheideathat“thesurestwaytosmartnessisthroughmassivedumbness”.Whatthatmeansinessenceisthattinycomputerchips,thoughrelatively“dumb”ontheirown,canbeaddedtobillionsofmundaneobjectsand,thereby,yieldsubstantialeconomicbenefits.Suchasrealtimebuyingpatternsoneverythingfromshirtstosodacans.Intheconventionalworldofsupplyanddemandwhereweallgrewup,valuecamefromscarcity.Asin,diamonds,goldandoil.Inaworldofdigitalimperatives,asKellycorrectlypointsout,“powercomesfromabundance.”ThatwasaprinciplethatAppletragicallyfailedtounderstandwhenitbackedofffromlicensingitsgraphiccomputerinterface,assuringthatitsmarketsharewouldbesavagedbyMicrosoft’smoreopenWindowsoperatingsystem,whichleadsustoanotherofKelly’shardwiredlaws:followthefree.Intheuniverseofatoms,asaresourceisconsumeditbecomesmoreexpensivetoproduce.Asgoldismined,nuggets(天然金塊)atfirstmaybeeasy,andthereforecheap,tofind.Butwhenparticlesoforemustbesqueezedoutoftonsofrock,thepriceofgoldbecomesmoredear.ButinwhatKellyterms“theneworder”,thelawofplentitudekicksin,leadingasavvycompanysuchasNetscapetodistributeitsWebbrowserforfreeinordertosellauxiliaryservicesorproducts.Similarly,expensivecellphonesareofferedasfreebies(免費的東西)togaincontractsforphoneservices.Finally,Kellytellsustolookaroundandseehowmuchtheworldhasalreadychangedunderourveryfeet.AnAmericanfarmertoday,forinstance,maystillgetsomedirtunderhisfingernails,butmuchofhislaborisperformedundertheumbrellaoftheelectronicnetwork.ThecabinhistractorhasawirelessphoneandasatellitelinkedGPSlocationdevice;hishomecomputerisconnectedtoaneverendingstreamofweatherdata,grainmarketreportsandmoisturedetectorsinthesoil.NewRulesfortheNewEconomysuggeststhatwemightevenlearnsomethingfromthosepluckylifeformsthatexplodedonthesceneahalfbillionyearsago.“Thequalitiesneededtosucceedinthenetworkeconomycanbereducedtothis:afacilityforchargingintotheunknown.”16.翻譯題即使在麥哲倫號航天器（Magellan）還未看穿金星（Venus）的云層覆蓋之前，天文學(xué)家（astronomer）便很有把握地相信金星上沒有水。金星的表面很熱，至少有450攝氏度。它的溫度超過了水星（Mercury），你也許認為水星會比金星熱，因為它離太陽更近。然而，水星沒有保溫的大氣層。金星大氣層中的二氧化碳（Carbondioxide）把太陽的熱量保留了下來。這和溫室能夠保存太陽的熱量好讓植物生長類似。太陽的光線能夠穿過云層到達金星表面，但其熱量卻無法逃逸。天文學(xué)家們懂得,水在如此熾熱的環(huán)境下是無法以液體的形式存在的。然而，它附近的兩顆行星——地球和火星（Mars）——卻存在著水或冰。金星過去是否也曾有過水？麥哲倫號航天器發(fā)回的照片沒有提供曾有水存在的跡象。金星的表面有很多像河一樣的長長的紋路，有些長達數(shù)百公里。但這些紋路似乎是熔巖（meltedrock）造成的，而不是水造成的。金星上沒有古海洋的跡象，也沒有山巒被水沖刷的痕跡。一位天文學(xué)家說，金星太熱，水星太冷，而地球恰好適合水的存在。?17.單選題Onlyonemoreweekandthecontractwill____.問題1選項A.runoutB.bringaboutC.putthroughD.carryon18.單選題JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesByTheNorthGates,in1963,twoyearsaftershehadreceivedherMaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsinandbecomeaninstructorofEnglishattheUniversityofDetroit.Herlineproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,accumulatinginlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,includingnovels,collectionsofshortstoriesandverse,plays,andliterarycriticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach,movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversityofWindsor,inOntario,andin1978toPrincetonUniversity.Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousenergy,butfindaproductivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess.InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceontheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.Hersisaworldofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness.Althoughsomeofitappearstocomefromherowndirectobservations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearlyformtheexperienceofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShudderingFall(1964),dealtwithstockcarracing,thoughshehadneverseenarace.InThem(1969)shefocusedonDetroitfromtheDepressionthroughtheriotsof1967,drawingmuchofhermaterialfromtheDepressionmadeonherbytheproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceandhowevershockingtheeventsorthemotivations,however,herfictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealonereflectedinthedailynewspapers,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows,andthepopularmagazinesofourday.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolOates’sfirstpublication?3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofherwritingcareer?4.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOates’sfirstnovel?5.WhichofthefollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite?問題1選項A.ToreviewOates’sBytheNorthGate.B.Tocomparesomemodernwriters.C.TodescribeOates’schildhood.D.TooutlineOates’scareer.問題2選項A.Itwaspartofhermaster’sthesis.B.Itwasavolumeofshortfiction.C.Itwasnotsuccessful.D.ItwasaboutanEnglishinstructorinDetroit.問題3選項A.Shehasexperiencedlongnonproductiveperiodsinherwriting.B.Herstyleisimitativeofothercontemporaryauthors.C.Shehasproducedasurprisingamountoffictionsinarelativeshorttime.D.Mostofherworkisbasedonpersonalexperience.問題4選項A.Loneliness.B.Insanity.C.Teaching.D.Racing.問題5選項A.Astorywithanunhappyending.B.Aromancenovelsetinthenineteenthcentury.C.Asciencefictionnovel.D.Adialogueforatalkshow.19.單選題

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.問題1選項A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.insured20.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.問題1選項A.advancementB.acquisitionC.announcementD.acknowledgement21.翻譯題這是一只如此靈敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能測出電流的微弱變化。22.單選題Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite____.問題1選項A.eligibleB.sustainableC.probableD.feasible23.單選題Eachboyandeachgirl____orderedtoleavetheclassroom.問題1選項A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have24.單選題Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself,itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.問題1選項A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsB.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemC.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveD.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings問題2選項A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveB.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherC.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingD.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety問題3選項A.theabilitytomakemoneyB.thewilltoworkforpleasureC.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesD.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences問題4選項A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsB.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedC.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsD.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople問題5選項A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitB.encourageustoperformimportanttasksC.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemD.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus25.翻譯題香港坐落在中國南端的一個彈丸小島上，在日趨全球化的經(jīng)濟中，香港正起著一個非常重要的角色。第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)汽車制造商出售的導(dǎo)航電腦價值都在2000美元或以上，因此它們大多用于一些豪華車內(nèi)，如雷克薩斯，寶馬和奧迪，也是不足為奇的事。但它是一種發(fā)展中的技術(shù)——這意味著價格最終將下降——市場看來定將擴大。即使就當前的價格而言，導(dǎo)航電腦也足以令人動心。它通過建議路線規(guī)劃提示指引你在大多數(shù)重要城市里由此地去彼地。這些指示可以模擬清晰的真人發(fā)音，并書寫在駕駛者面前的屏幕上。該電腦通過一根天線工作。這根天線至少能夠接收到24家全球定位衛(wèi)星中的3家。通過計算衛(wèi)星與天線之間信號傳播所需的時間，汽車的位置可被確定在100米的誤差范圍之內(nèi)。衛(wèi)星信號，連同車速傳感器提供的車速數(shù)據(jù)和定向儀提供的方向一起確定出車子的位置，哪怕它處于移動當中。這些信息同一個地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫相結(jié)合，街道、路標或名勝之地都被包括在該數(shù)據(jù)庫之中。大多數(shù)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)基本都是相同的。區(qū)別之處在于硬件的不同，即電腦接受駕駛者詢問方向的指令和它提供指示的方式不同。在多數(shù)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，駕駛者通過觸摸屏或光盤輸入某個目的地地址，高速公路的交匯口，或名勝之處。但是雷克薩斯車的屏幕則更勝一籌：你能夠指向屏幕地圖的任何一點并獲得到達該地點的指示。根據(jù)德國寶馬的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，地圖上有一個可以移動的瞄準十字紋（有幾種地圖比例供選擇）。你想去哪里，就可以選定哪里。而奧迪車的屏幕可以轉(zhuǎn)換為電視接受器。像寶馬和雷克薩斯這樣的車，其更為出色的定位系統(tǒng)所儲存的詞匯量更大，甚至其復(fù)述指令的聲音也可以不同。這些指令除可以英語發(fā)音外，還可以使用法語、德語、西班牙語、荷蘭語和意大利語發(fā)音。駕駛者還可以通過設(shè)置參數(shù)來決定路線，比如說最快、最短、或不走高速公路的路線。2.【答案】A【解析】【選項釋義】A.attributedto歸因于；被認為是……所為B.adjustedto調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整以適應(yīng)C.adaptedto適合；適應(yīng)于D.accustomedto習(xí)慣于【答案】A【考查點】詞組辨析。【解題思路】句意：心臟病死亡人數(shù)的下降通?！嬍车母纳啤８鶕?jù)邏輯，因為飲食的改善，所以心臟病的死亡人數(shù)會下降。由此可知，心臟病死亡人數(shù)下降是由于飲食的改善也就是歸因于飲食的改善。因此選A?！靖蓴_項排除】B、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系?！揪湟狻啃呐K病死亡人數(shù)的下降通常歸因于飲食的改善。3.【答案】Robot4.【答案】C【解析】【選項釋義】A.contraction收縮；縮小B.collision碰撞；沖突C.corrosion腐蝕；侵蝕D.corruption腐敗；墮落【答案】C【考查點】名詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：塑料比金屬更輕，更耐……，但它們通常不堅固。由常識可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強，因此選C選項?！靖蓴_項排除】A選項contraction“收縮；縮小”，根據(jù)常識可知塑料遇熱易收縮，不符合句意。B選項collision“碰撞；沖突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。D選項corruption“腐敗；墮落”不符合句意?！揪湟狻克芰媳冉饘俑p，更耐腐蝕，但通常不堅固。5.【答案】B【解析】【選項釋義】A.replace取代B.substitute代替C.displace取代；替代D.misplace隨意擱置；亂放【答案】B【考查點】固定搭配。【解題思路】substitutefor意為“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能參加會議，請找人……你?！笨芍摯钆浞暇湟猓鉃椤叭绻悴荒軈⒓訒h，請找人代替你?！币虼诉xA?！靖蓴_項排除】A選項replace“取代”，replacefor意為“將……取代成……”，不符合語境；C選項displace“取代；替代”，不與for搭配；D選項misplace“隨意擱置；亂放”不符合語境?！揪湟狻咳绻悴荒軈⒓訒h，請找人代替你。6.【答案】TheareaofChinaisseveraltimesthesizeofthatofFrance.7.【答案】D【解析】【選項釋義】A.Consecutive連續(xù)不斷的B.Condensed濃縮的C.Perpetual長久的；終身的D.Persistent執(zhí)著的；不屈不撓的；堅持不懈的【答案】D【考查點】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：為了完成重要但不愉快的任務(wù)，需要……努力。這里強調(diào)不愉快但是重要的任務(wù)，因此需要一種堅持的努力。D選項指不顧困難執(zhí)意做某事，在這里符合語境。因此選D?！靖蓴_項排除】A選項Consecutive“連續(xù)不斷的”，指一個接一個，連續(xù)不斷，沒有中斷。而句中強調(diào)的是堅持做不愉快但重要的事情，該選項不是最佳選項；B選項Condensed“濃縮的”，該選項不符合句意；D選項Perpetual“長久的；終身的”，該選項不符合語境。【句意】為了完成重要但不愉快的任務(wù)，需要堅持不懈的努力。8.【答案】A【解析】【選項釋義】A.infants嬰兒；幼兒B.hoses（滅火、澆花等用的）橡皮管C.handkerchiefs手帕D.fences柵欄；籬笆【答案】A【考查點】名詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：80%的母親把……抱在左胳膊里，抱在身體的左側(cè)。根據(jù)句意，主語是母親，且是母親把……抱在左胳膊里，由此可知應(yīng)該是把她們的孩子抱在左胳膊里。因此選A?！靖蓴_項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意?！揪湟狻?0%的母親用左臂抱著嬰兒，讓他們靠在自己身體的左側(cè)。9.【答案】D【解