英語四級(jí)閱讀真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)

#/7英語四級(jí)閱讀真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)下面小編整理的英語四級(jí)閱讀真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics（倫理學(xué)）professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.andElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(一廂情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcant’bebought.”ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandardsarelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddayshaverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthingsareawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandardsThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmanlybyitsgrowingwealththeself-centerednessofindividualsunderestimatingtheimpactofsocialchangestheprejudiceagainstwomenandminoritiesWhichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?Greatmobility.Concernforone’sneighbors.Emphasisonindividualeffort.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence .wassomethingunheardofwasbynomeansarareoccurrenceattractedalotofpubicattentionbegantoappearinanalysts’dataAccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed .ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”whenwomenandmeanenjoyequalrightswhenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudiceiflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings參考答案1.D2.B3.B4.A5.DInthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription（處方）forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable（脆弱的）andpassiveinthefaceofadversity（逆境）.Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmetalstrain.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe’smedicalresearchtellsusthewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestresswhatshouldbedonetoavoidstresswhatkindofeventwouldcausestresshowtocopewithsuddenchangesinlifeThestudiesonstressintheearly1970’sledto widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsgreatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcauseanintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnessespopularavoidanceofstressfuljobsThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows .howmuchpressureyouareunderhowpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifehowstressfulamajoreventcanbehowyoucandealwithlife-changingeventsWhyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.Youcould