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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年上海市重點中學(xué)高一(下)期中英語試卷一、選詞填空-句子(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)1.
A.phenomenonB.challengingC.reliefD.severe
AB.harmoniousAC.calmAD.appealingBC.avarietyof
BD.breakthroughCD.haveaccesstoADC.tendto(1)Thenewswillcomeasagreat______tothemembersoftheschoolfootballleague.(2)TheshortageofqualifiedPEteachersarevery______insomemountainousareas.(3)Shewasbreathingquicklyafterthemarathonandtriedto______herself.(4)Theyweresoskillfulthatit'shardforusto______theirdefense.(5)Wewanttowitnessa(n)______scenewherepeoplecanenjoytheirlifetotheuttermost.(6)Everybodywantstobeacelebrity,whichiswhywehavethis______ofsocialmedia,whereweallwanttobeseen.(7)Girls______gotorestaurantswhichserveavarietyofexquisitecuisines,especiallydesserts.(8)TheexquisiteFrenchdessertsarealwaysvery______.(9)Thereare______fruitstochoosefrominthebowl.(10)Aboutathirdoftheirpeopledonot______enoughfoodanddrinkingwater.二、閱讀理解(本大題共8小題,共16.0分)AItwasThanksgivingmorningandinthecrowdedkitchenofmysmallhomeIwasbusypreparingthetraditionalThanksgivingturkeywhenthedoorbellrang.Iopenedthefrontdoorandsawtwosmallchildreninragshuddlingtogetheronthetopstep.
"Anyoldpapers,lady?"askedoneofthem.
Iwasbusy.Iwantedtosay"no"untilIlookeddownattheirfeet.Theywerewearingthinlittlesandals,wetwithheavysnow.
"ComeinandI'llmakeyouacupofhotcocoa."
Theywalkedoverandsatdownatthetable.Theirwetsandalsleftmarksuponthefloor.Iservedthemcocoaandbreadwithjamtofightagainstthecoldoutside.ThenIwentbacktothekitchenandstartedagainonmyhouseholdbudget.
Thesilenceinthefrontroomstruckme.Ilookedin.Thegirlheldtheemptycupinherhands,lookingatit.Theboyaskedinaflatvoice,"Lady,areyourich?"
Ilookedatmyshabbyslipcovers.Thegirlputhercupbackinitssaucercarefullyandsaid,"Yourcupsmatchyoursaucers."Hervoicewashungrywithaneedthatnoamountoffoodcouldsupply.Theyleftafterthat,holdingtheirbundlesofpapersagainstthewind.Theyhadn'tsaid"Thankyou."Theydidn'tneedto.TheyhadremindedmethatIhadsomuchforwhichtobegrateful.Plainbluechinacupsandsaucerswereonlyworthfivepence.Buttheymatched.
Itastedthepotatoesandstirredthemeatsoup.Potatoesandbrownmeatsoup,aroofoverourheads,myhusbandwithagoodsteadyjob-thesematched,too.
Imovedthechairsbackfromthefireandcleanedthelivingroom.Themuddyprintsofsmallsandalswerestillwetuponmyfloor.Letthembeforawhile,Ithought,justincaseIshouldbegintoforgethowrichIam.2.Whydidthewriterletthechildrenin?______A.Sheshowedgreatpityonthem.
B.Shehadoldpaperstosell.
C.ShewantedtoinvitethemtoherThanksgivingfeast.
D.Shewantedthemtoseehowrichshewas.3.Thegirlthoughtthewriterwasrichperhapsbecause______.A.shesawthatthelady'sroomwascomfortable
B.shesawthecupsmatchedthesaucers
C.thewriter'sslipcoverswereverynew
D.thewriterwaspreparingabigmealwhileshewastoohungry4.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatwhetheryouarerichdependson______.A.howmuchmoneyyouhavehad B.howyoufeelaboutyourlife
C.howyouhavehelpedothers D.whatjobyourhusbandisdoing5.Thewriterleftthemuddyprintsofsmallsandalsonthefloorforawhileto______.A.showherhusbandthatsomeonehadcome
B.remindherthatshehadhelpedtwochildren
C.remindherthatshewasveryrichintheneighborhood
D.remindherhowlifeshouldbe.B①Riskissomethingwefacedaily.However,somepeopleareobviouslymorewillingtotakerisksthanothers.
②Biologistsappeartohavediscoveredaphysicalreasonthatexplainswhysomepeoplearerisk-takers.Dopamineisaneurotransmitter,achemicalthatspreadssignalsbetweennervecells.Itislinkedtothebrainsrewardsystemandisthechemicalthatmakesusfeelgood,andscientistsbelieveittobelinkedtorisk-taking.Ournervecellshavedopaminereceptors(接收器)whichcontroltheamountofdopaminethateachcellreceives.Butnotallreceptorsmaybeactive.Whenapersonhasfewactivereceptorstocontroltheamountofdopaminethatisreceived,acellcanbecomefloodedresultinginanextremefeelingofhappiness.
③ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityandAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineasked34menandwomentocompleteaquestionnaireabouttheirrisktakingtoassesswhethertheyseeknewopportunitiesorarecautiousinlife.Theresultsoftheresearchwereconsistentwithsimilarstudiescarriedoutwithrats,andhadthesameoutcome.Itconcludedthatpeoplewhoarerisk-takershavefewerdopaminereceptorsthanpeoplewhoarenot.Thissuggeststhattherushofpleasurearisktakerreceiveswhenacellbecomesfloodedwithdopaminecanbecomeaddictiveforsomepeople.Theythereforepursuenewandexcitingactivitiesinordertotrytorepeatthisfeeling,andasaresulttheirconcernforriskbecomesconsiderablyreduced.
④Dopaminegivesusabiologicalreasonforrisk-taking,butscientistsbelievetheremaybepsychologicalreasonstoo.Sensation-seekingisapersonalitycharacteristicthatdescribesthedesiretofindactivitiesthatbringuspleasure.In1964,psychologistMarvinZuckermancreatedthesensation-seekingscale.His40-itemquestionnaire,stillusedtoday,wasgiventopeoplewhowereactiveinseekingnewactivities,andtopeoplewhoweremoresatisfiedwithaquietlife.Whilerisk-takingisnotacharacteristicinitself,itisverymuchassociatedwithsensation-seeking,asahighsensation-seekerdoesnotevaluateriskinthesamewaythatalowsensation-seekerdoes.Adesiretoachievepleasuremeansthatthereisagreaterwillingnesstotakemorerisks.
⑤Therearebothbiologicalandpsychologicalexplanationsastowhysomepeoplemaychoosetotake
morerisksthanothers.However,noneoftheseexplanationsaredefinitive.6.Ifapersonhasfeweractivedopaminereceptors,______.A.heislesslikelytofeelhappy
B.heismorewillingtotakerisks
C.hewilleventuallybecomedopamine-addictive
D.heispooreratcontrollingtheamountofdopamine7.Theunderlinedphrase"consistentwith"isclosestto"______"inmeaning.A.contraryto B.inagreementwith
C.atthecostof D.persistentin8.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4?______A.Thelongingforpleasuremayleadtorisktaking.
B.Awillingnesstotakemoreriskscanbecultivated.
C.Thesensation-seekingscalecanhelptoevaluaterisk.
D.Highsensation-seekersaremorecommonthanlowones.9.Thispassagemainlytalksabout______.A.whenwelearntotakerisks B.howrisk-takingbenefitsus
C.whatmakesrisk-takers D.whyweshouldtakerisks三、閱讀七選五(本大題共4小題,共8.0分)A.Therearemanywaysforparentstodealwiththeproblems.
B.Themesscandisturbthewholehousehold.
C.Parentsareallangryatit.
D.Humorcanhelp,too.
E.Parentingexpertsalsorecommendthatparentsfirstaskchildreninanicewaytocleanupandagreeonareasonabletimelimit.
F.Whatdoesn'twork,parentingexpertssay,isconstantlectures,verbalthreatsorgettingveryangry.
An18-year-girlKaylaPerkinsexplainswhatisinherbedroom,"IthrowsomethingonthefloorandIknowrightwhereitis."However,herparents,SteveandDeborahPerkins,ofMckinney,Texas,haven'tcaughton.EvenKaylaadmitsthat,attheworst,herroomisamess.
Mostfamiliesatsomepointhaveatleastonechildwhoseroomlookslikealandfill.(1)Dirtyclothespileup;dirtydishesgetlostinthemessandsmellbad;homeworkislost;andvaluablethingsareruined.
Someparentsletitgo,believingthatabedroomisprivatespaceforchildrentomanageastheywish.Otherslecturetheirchildren,offerrewardsforcleaning,orpunishthemwhentheydon't.(2)
Mrs.PerkinssaystheypickedupalltheclothesonKayla'sfloorandhidthem.Theycleanedeverythingup.WhenKaylacamebacktoabarebedroom,therewasscreamingandshouting,"HowcanIlivewithoutmyclothes?"Mrs.PerkinsaskedKaylatoearnherclothesbackbydoinghousework.Thesedays,shekeepsherroomclean.
(3)Forexample,sinceJessica,the14-year-olddaughterwasn'tbotheredbythedirtyclothesalloverherfloor,thewholefamilystartedusingherroomasaplacetostoredirtyclothes.Herattitudechangedafterherfamilydidthat.Bythetimeshegaveinandcleanedupherroomafewdayslater,evenshewaslaughing.
(4)Childrenoftenbehavebetterifyoutreattheminthewayyouwouldwanttobetreatedbyyourbossatwork-withrespectandhighexpectations.10.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F11.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F12.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F13.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F四、完形填空(本大題共15小題,共15.0分)Theartofabstractpaintingbeganaverylongtimeago.Artistsbeganthisartseveralhundredyearsago.(1)______,youhaveprobablyseensomeofthemorefamousabstractpaintingsbefore.YoumayrecallafamousabstractpaintingcreatedbyVanGogh.Picassoalsohadapaintingortwoaswell.Modiglianiisalsoknownforhisabstractpaintingworks.Becauseoftheseartists,andmanyothers,thiskindofpaintinghasgained(2)______inthemodernworld.
Nowwhat(3)______isanabstractpainting?Anabstractpaintingis(4)______inmanyways.Firstofall,anabstractpaintingdoesnotshow(5)______líketraditionalpaintings:Inthe'beginning,mostartwasshowingarealistic(6)______ofsomeoneorsomething.Butanabstractpaintingdoesnotdothis.The(7)______world.Rather,anabstractpaintingusescoloursandshapesinanon-representingand(8)______manner:Itcanbeofanyone,anything,orjustnothingatall.
Youcan(9)______seethiswhenyoulookatanabstractpainting.Anabstractpaintinghasbold,bright,andvivid(10)______.Anabstractpaintingalsohasmanybiometricshapesthatareusedwiththeboldcolourstomaketheartwork(11)______.Itisbothstrangeandbeautifulto(12)______anabstractpainting.
Inthe1940'samovementcalled"AbstractExpressionism"wasstarted.Thismovementwasstartedtoshowthe(13)______ofanartist'sexpressionandtopushtheartofabstractpainting.ItwasstartedinNewYorkinaschoolthatalsocalledit"ActionPainting."Thisschoolwasoneofthefirst.Americanschoolsthatdeclaredits(14)______fromtheEuropeanstyleofartwork.Theylikedtothinkoftheirartasaformofspiritualandintellectualart.Thisthenfurtherpushedtheartofabstractpainting.
Nowthatyouknowthe(15)______oftheartofabstractpainting,youmaycometounderstanditbetter.Itisimportanttoappreciateallformsofart,includingtheoddartofanabstractpainting.Youmayfindyourselfwantingtogetapieceofthisartworkforyourself:Itistrulyaninterestingthingtolookat.14.
A.Infact B.Inshort C.Forexample D.bycontrast15.
A.profit B.expectation C.impression D.popularity16.
A.legally B.exactly C.namely D.extremely17.
A.defined B.decided C.painted D.created18.
A.life B.scene C.reality D.world19.
A.expectation B.approach C.possibility D.expression20.
A.natural B.outside C.modern D.real21.
A.nonessential B.nonscientific C.nonspecific D.nonobjective22.
A.hard B.easily C.difficultly D.quickly23.
A.ideas B.colours C.description D.definition24.
A.breakout B.makeout C.standout D.writeout25.
A.lookat B.thinkabout C.lookinto D.thinkover26.
A.interest B.example C.evidence D.freedom27.
A.bankrupt B.independence C.intention D.emergency28.
A.principle B.history C.outline D.beauty五、語法填空(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)29.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
EveryyearinChinaaroundTomb-SweepingDay,teaplantsripenandpeoplepicktheleaves.(1)______(accord)totradition,theteapickedbeforeTomb-SweepingDayisofthehighestvalue.
TeaisadailydrinkinChina:Chinesepeopleenjoyteawithsnacks,maindishes,andbeforeoraftermeals.Frequently,guests(2)______(serve)thedrink.Atafamilygathering,youngpeopleshowtheirrespecttotheireldersby(3)______(offer)acupoftea.
TeacultureisverystronginRussia,too.InRussia,peopledrinkteawithsoupordessertattheendofmeals.ThetypicalRussianteaceremonyusuallyincludesasamovar—ametalcontainerfor(4)______(heat)water.
Peopleputblackteainateapotandpourboilingwateroverit.Thentheteapot(5)______(place)ontopofthesamovar.Samovarscan(6)______(find)inhomes,trains,officesandrestaurants.
However,thingsaredifferentintheUK.Britishpeoplealsodrinkteaallday.Butthereisalso.aspecialtraditionofafternoontea,theteaisservedwithlightsandwichesandsmallcakes.Andpeoplelikechatting(7)______enjoyingtea.Blackteawithmilkisthemostwidelydrunktea.Today,mostpeopleintheUKuseteabags(8)______thantealeaves.
Despitethesocialandculturaldifferencesaroundtheworld,(9)______(drink)teastandsforapeacefulandcomfortablelifestyle.It'sawayof(10)______(escape)fromthestressoflife.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)六、完成句子(本大題共2小題,共4.0分)30.經(jīng)歷了這么多起起伏伏,他成功地在中國城經(jīng)營起自己的餐廳。
After______,hemanagedtorunhisrestaurantintheChinaTown.31.自那時起,你對我而言不只是一個球場。
Sincethen,you'vebecome______.七、句子翻譯(本大題共3小題,共11.0分)32.我不認同這家餐廳處理食材時殘忍的烹飪手法。(identify)______33.當(dāng)Jordan得知自己沒能入選校隊,他沒有放棄,而是努力完善各方面的訓(xùn)練。(leaveoff)______34.這家餐廳通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)宣傳的方式成功吸引了很多游客來就餐。(means)______八、書面表達(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)35.假如你是高中生李華,你的學(xué)校想增加體育課外興趣小組,并為此征詢學(xué)生的意見。請你寫一封名為"AlettertomyPEteacher"的信,向體育老師推薦一項合適的體育項目,闡明你的推薦理由。
請在信件的第二部分中
(1)簡要介紹你的運動愛好與經(jīng)歷;
(2)談?wù)勗擁椷\動對身體、學(xué)習(xí)等方面的益處。
AlettertomyPEteacherDearMsLu,
I'mexcitedtohearthenewsthatwearegoingtohaveschoolsportsteams,andI'mverygladtogiveyousomeadvice.Idothinkisagoodchoice,Ihopeyoucangiveconsiderationtoitafterreadingmystory.
IstronglyrecommendthissporttoyouandI'llbegratefulifmyrecommendationwillbeaccepted.Muchloveandrespect,.
LiHua
答案和解析1.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】D【小題3】AC【小題4】BD【小題5】AB【小題6】A【小題7】ADC【小題8】AD【小題9】BC【小題10】CD【解析】(1)考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這個消息將使學(xué)校橄欖球聯(lián)盟的成員們松一口氣。根據(jù)句意可知表示"松一口氣",用名詞relief作賓語,故選C。
(2)考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:在一些山區(qū),合格的體育教師短缺非常嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)句意可知表示"嚴(yán)重的",用形容詞severe作表語,故選D。
(3)考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:馬拉松比賽結(jié)束后,她呼吸急促,試圖讓自己平靜下來。根據(jù)句意可知表示"使平靜下來",to后用動詞calm作目的狀語,故選AC。
(4)考查動詞短語辨析。句意:他們技術(shù)高超,我們很難突破他們的防守。根據(jù)句意可知表示"突破",用動詞短語break
through,故選BD。
(5)考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我們希望看到一個和諧的場景,人們可以盡情享受自己的生活。根據(jù)句意可知表示"和諧的",用形容詞harmonious作定語,故選AB。
(6)考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:每個人都想成為名人,這就是為什么我們有這種社交媒體現(xiàn)象,在那里我們都想被看到。根據(jù)句意可知表示"現(xiàn)象",用名詞phenomenon作賓語,故選A。
(7)考查動詞短語辨析。句意:女孩們傾向于去提供各種精致美食的餐廳,尤其是甜點。根據(jù)句意可知表示"傾向于",用動詞短語tend
to,故選ADC。
(8)考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:精致的法式甜點總是很有吸引力。根據(jù)句意可知表示"有吸引力的",用形容詞appealing作表語,故選AD。
(9)考查名詞短語辨析。句意:這個碗里有各種各樣的水果可供選擇。根據(jù)句意可知表示"各種各樣的",用名詞短語a
variety
of,故選BC。
(10)考查動詞短語辨析。句意:大約三分之一的人口無法獲得足夠的食物和飲用水。根據(jù)句意可知表示"有途徑獲得",用動詞短語have
access
to,故選CD。
(1)這個消息將使學(xué)校橄欖球聯(lián)盟的成員們松一口氣。
(2)在一些山區(qū),合格的體育教師短缺非常嚴(yán)重。
(3)馬拉松比賽結(jié)束后,她呼吸急促,試圖讓自己平靜下來。
(4)他們技術(shù)高超,我們很難突破他們的防守。
(5)我們希望看到一個和諧的場景,人們可以盡情享受自己的生活。
(6)每個人都想成為名人,這就是為什么我們有這種社交媒體現(xiàn)象,在那里我們都想被看到。
(7)女孩們傾向于去提供各種精致美食的餐廳,尤其是甜點。
(8)精致的法式甜點總是很有吸引力。
(9)這個碗里有各種各樣的水果可供選擇。
(10)大約三分之一的人口無法獲得足夠的食物和飲用水。
這個題型需要學(xué)生熟知單詞或者固定短語的用法,包括它的多個含義;同時對于題面設(shè)定的語境也要完全了解,這樣才能選出正確的短語,運用它們的正確形式,例如動詞短語的謂語和非謂語,時態(tài)和語態(tài)。
2~5.【答案】A、B、B、D【解析】65.答案是A.推理判斷題,根據(jù)文中句子"two
small
children
in
rags""They
were
wearing
thin
little
sandals,wet
with
heavy
snow."在這種狀況下讓他們進來并給他們茶和面包來抵御外邊的寒冷,可見作者是憐憫他們才這樣做的,所以答案是A.
66.答案是B.細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文中句子"The
girl
put
her
cup
back
in
its
saucer
carefully
and
said,"Your
cups
match
your
saucers"因為兩個孩子看到杯子和碟子很相配,認為他很富有的,所以答案選B.
67.答案是B.推理判斷題,根據(jù)文中句子的描寫"They
had
reminded
me
that
I
had
so
much
for
which
to
be
grateful.Plain
blue
china
cups
and
saucers
were
only
worth
five
pence.But
they
matched.I
tasted
the
potatoes
and
stirred
the
meat
soup.Potatoes
and
brown
meat
soup,a
roof
over
our
heads,my
husband
with
a
good
steady
job-these
matched,too"可以推斷出作者感悟到人生的真正的富有是你對生活的感受,所以答案選B.
68.答案是D.細節(jié)理解題,"Let
them
be
for
a
while,I
thought,just
in
case
I
should
begin
to
forget
how
rich
I
am"想讓它們留在那里的目的是讓它們提醒我我是多么的富有,所以答案選D.
這篇短文講了作者招待了兩個貧窮的孩子,通過這次經(jīng)歷使作者意識到什么事真正的富有,精神的富有要比物質(zhì)的富有重要的多.
在閱讀時要抓住文章的主題和細節(jié),分析文章結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,挖掘文章的深層含義,對于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機,事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析,進一步增強理解能力,抓住材料實質(zhì)性的東西.
6~9.【答案】B、B、A、C【解析】1.B.細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文章第二段的句子It
is
linked
to
the
brains
reward
system
and
is
the
chemical
that
makes
us
feel
good,and
scientists
believe
it
to
be
linked
to
risk-taking它與大腦獎賞系統(tǒng)有關(guān),是讓我們感覺良好的化學(xué)物質(zhì),科學(xué)家認為它與冒險行為有關(guān),和When
a
person
has
few
active
receptors
to
control
the
amount
of
dopamine
that
is
received,a
cell
can
become
flooded
resulting
in
an
extreme
feeling
of
happiness.當(dāng)一個人很少有主動受體來控制多巴胺的接收量時,一個細胞就會被淹沒,導(dǎo)致極度的幸福感.可知,如果一個人的多巴胺受體較少,他就更愿意冒險.故選B.
2.B.詞義猜測題,根據(jù)文章第三段的句子The
results
of
the
research
were
consistent
with
similar
studies
carried
out
with
rats,and
had
the
same
outcome.研究結(jié)果與對大鼠進行的類似研究一致,且結(jié)果相同.可知,
"consistent
with"
意為"和…一致".故選B.
3.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子
A
desire
to
achieve
pleasure
means
that
there
is
a
greater
willingness
to
take
more
risks.可知,從第4段可以得出的結(jié)論是,對快樂的渴望可能導(dǎo)致冒險.故選A.
4.C.主旨大意題,根據(jù)文章第二段的句子Biologists
appear
to
have
discovered
a
physical
reason
that
explains
why
some
people
are
risk-takers.可知,文章主要介紹什么造就了冒險者.故選C.
本文介紹很多人喜歡冒險,那么是什么導(dǎo)致人們喜歡冒險,文章給出了解釋.
做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍,做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測,一定要做到有理有據(jù).
10~13.【答案】B、F、D、E【解析】(1)B.推理判斷題。上文Most
families
at
some
point
have
at
least
one
child
whose
room
looks
like
a
landfill.(大多數(shù)家庭在某種程度上至少有一個孩子的房間看起來像垃圾填埋場。)說明家里常常有個孩子的房間垃圾成堆,臟亂差,選項B.The
mess
can
disturb
the
whole
household.(混亂會擾亂整個家庭。)承接上文,進一步說明這種臟亂差的局面造成的影響,引起下文Dirty
clothes
pile
up;dirty
dishes
get
lost
in
the
mess
and
smell
bad;homework
is
lost;and
valuable
things
are
ruined.(臟衣服堆起來;臟盤子在臟亂中丟失,氣味難聞;家庭作業(yè)弄丟了;有價值的東西都毀了。)具體說明臟亂差造成的不良結(jié)果。選項中Themess和上文中alandfill語義相關(guān)。故選B。
(2)F.推理判斷題。上文Others
lecture
their
children,offer
rewards
for
cleaning,or
punish
them
when
they
don't.(另一些則會訓(xùn)斥孩子,獎勵他們打掃衛(wèi)生,或者懲罰他們不打掃衛(wèi)生。)描述了一些家長的做法,選項F.What
doesn't
work,parenting
experts
say,is
constant
lectures,verbal
threats
or
getting
very
angry.(育兒專家說,不起作用的是不斷的說教、口頭威脅或非常生氣。)承接上文,對上文所描述的家長的做法進行否定。語義通順,合乎邏輯。故選F。
(3)D.段落大意題。下文For
example,since
Jessica,the
14-year-old
daughter
wasn't
bothered
by
the
dirty
clothes
all
over
her
floor,the
whole
family
started
using
her
room
as
a
place
to
store
dirty
clothes.Her
attitude
changed
after
her
family
did
that.By
the
time
she
gave
in
and
cleaned
up
her
room
a
few
days
later,even
she
was
laughing.(例如,由于14歲的女兒Jessica不介意地板上到處都是臟衣服,全家人開始用她的房間作為存放臟衣服的地方。在她的家人這么做后,她的態(tài)度改變了。幾天后,她讓步了,打掃了自己的房間,這時連她自己也笑了。)舉例說明家長在處理女兒Jessica臟亂差的問題上采用了近似玩笑的做法,達到了預(yù)期效果,選項D.Humor
can
help,too.(幽默也有幫助。)位于段首,提出一個新穎的用幽默的方式處理孩子臟亂差的方法。語義通順,合乎邏輯。故選D。
(4)E.段落大意題。下文Children
often
behave
better
if
you
treat
them
in
the
way
you
would
want
to
be
treated
by
your
boss
at
work-with
respect
and
high
expectations.(如果你用你希望老板在工作中對待你的方式來對待孩子--尊重和高期望,他們通常會表現(xiàn)得更好。)說明要用尊重和高期望的方式對待孩子,選項E.Parentingexpertsalsorecommendthatparentsfirstaskchildreninanicewaytocleanupandagreeonareasonabletimelimit.(育兒專家還建議父母首先用一種友好的方式讓孩子清理,并商定一個合理的時間限制。)位于段首,說明父母應(yīng)該用一種友好的協(xié)商的方式對待孩子。選項中inaniceway以及agreeonareasonabletimelimit和下文中withrespectandhighexpectations語義相關(guān),前后通順,合乎邏輯。故選E。
本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了孩子房間臟亂差的現(xiàn)象,并提出一些改變這種現(xiàn)象的建議。
七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀,和完形填空很類似,不同的是一個選詞,一個選句子。解題時,要注意上下文語境,充分考慮信息詞(選項中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞),選出最符合語境的句子。
14~28.【答案】A、D、B、A、C、D、B、A、D、B、C、A、D、B、B【解析】(1)考查固定短語及語境理解。A.Infact事實上;B.Inshort總之;C.Forexample例如;D.bycontrast相比之下。根據(jù)下句you
have
probably
seen
some
of
the
more
famous
abstract
paintings
before.可知你可能已經(jīng)看過一些比較著名的抽象畫了。說明這是一個事實。故答案為A。
(2)考查名詞及語境理解。A.profit利益;B.expectation期盼;C.impression印象;D.popularity流行。根據(jù)上句Because
of
these
artists,and
many
others可知由于這些藝術(shù)家以及其他許多人的努力,這種繪畫在現(xiàn)代世界中已經(jīng)流行起來。故答案為D。
(3)考查副詞及語境理解。A.legally合法地;B.exactly準(zhǔn)確地;C.namely也就是說;D.extremely極其地。根據(jù)后文The
definition
of
an
abstract
painting
is
that
an
abstract
painting
does
not
show
objects可知抽象繪畫的定義是抽象繪畫不展示物體。說明那么到底什么是抽象畫呢?故答案為B。
(4)考查動詞及語境理解。A.defined下定義;B.decided決定;C.painted噴漆;D.created創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)后文The
definition
of
an
abstract
painting
is
that
an
abstract
painting
does
not
show
objects可知抽象繪畫的定義是抽象繪畫不展示物體。說明抽象畫有多種定義。故答案為A。
(5)考查名詞及語境理解。A.life生活;B.scene場景;C.reality事實;D.world世界。根據(jù)下句In
the'
beginning,most
art
was
showing
a
realistic
(6)of
someone
or
something可知起初,大多數(shù)藝術(shù)都是對某人或某事的現(xiàn)實表現(xiàn)。說明抽象繪畫不像傳統(tǒng)繪畫那樣表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實。故答案為C。
(6)考查名詞及語境理解。A.expectation期盼;B.approach靠近;C.possibility可能性;D.expression表達。起初,大多數(shù)藝術(shù)都是對某人或某事的現(xiàn)實表現(xiàn)。故答案為D。
(7)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.natural自然的;B.outside外面的;C.modern現(xiàn)代的;D.real真實的。根據(jù)下句Rather,an
abstract
painting
uses
colours
and
shapes
in
a
non-
representing
and
(8)manner:It
can
be
of
anyone,anything,or
just
nothing
at
all.可知更確切地說,一幅抽象畫以一種非表現(xiàn)性和非本質(zhì)的方式使用顏色和形狀:它可以是任何人、任何東西,或者干脆什么也不是。說明抽象畫的定義是,抽象畫不展示外部世界的物體。故答案為B。
(8)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.nonessential非本質(zhì)的;B.nonscientific不科學(xué)的;C.nonspecific不具體的;D.nonobjective不客觀的。根據(jù)上句an
abstract
painting
uses
colours
and
shapes
in
a
non-
representing可知更確切地說,一幅抽象畫以一種非表現(xiàn)性和非本質(zhì)的方式使用顏色和形狀:它可以是任何人、任何東西,或者干脆什么也不是。故答案為A。
(9)考查副詞及語境理解。A.hard困難地;B.easily容易地;C.difficultly困難的;D.quickly快速地。根據(jù)下句An
abstract
painting
has
bold,bright,and
vivid
(10).可知抽象畫有大膽、明亮和生動的色彩。說明當(dāng)你看一幅抽象畫時,你可以很快看出這一點。故答案為D。
(10)考查名詞及語境理解。A.ideas想法;B.colours顏色;C.description描述;D.definition定義。根據(jù)下句An
abstract
painting
also
has
many
biometric
shapes
that
are
used
with
the
bold
colours
to
make
the
artwork
(11).可知一幅抽象畫也有許多生物特征形狀,用大膽的顏色使藝術(shù)品突出。說明抽象畫有大膽、明亮和生動的色彩。故答案為B。
(11)考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.breakout爆發(fā);B.makeout理解;C.standout突顯出來;D.writeout寫出來。根據(jù)上句An
abstract
painting
also
has
many
biometric
shapes
that
are
used
with
the
bold
colours可知一幅抽象畫也有許多生物特征形狀,用大膽的顏色使藝術(shù)品突出。故答案為C。
(12)考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.lookat看;B.thinkabout考慮;C.lookinto調(diào)查;D.thinkover考慮。根據(jù)上句It
is
both
strange
and
beautiful可知看一幅抽象畫既奇怪又美麗。故答案為A。
(13)考查名詞及語境理解。A.interest興趣;B.example例子;C.evidence證據(jù);D.freedom自由。這場運動的發(fā)起是為了展示藝術(shù)家表達的自由,并推動抽象繪畫藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。故答案為D。
(14)考查名詞及語境理解。A.bankrupt破產(chǎn);B.independence獨立;C.intention打算;D.emergency緊急情況。根據(jù)空后from
the
European
style
of
artwork.可知這所學(xué)校是最早宣布從歐洲藝術(shù)風(fēng)格中獨立出來的美國學(xué)校之一。故答案為B。
(15)考查名詞及語境理解。A.principle原則;B.history歷史;C.outline輪廓;D.beauty美麗。根據(jù)下句you
may
come
to
understand
it
better可知既然你知道了抽象繪畫藝術(shù)的歷史,你可能會更好地理解它。故答案為B。
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了抽象繪畫的定義。
完形填空題的解題步驟:
1.通讀全文,理解大意。重視首句信息,跳過空格,瀏覽全文,從整體上感知全文,理解文章大意,這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。
2.瞻前顧后,避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下,結(jié)合各選項的意義和用法,遵循先易后難的原則,先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對少數(shù)難題,暫時跳過,或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示,或許一個在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。
3.復(fù)讀全文,解決殘敵。借助已經(jīng)補全的空格,對全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。
4.再次復(fù)讀,彌補疏漏,全部做好后,務(wù)必要結(jié)合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容,確保全文文意連貫。
29.【答案】【小題1】According【小題2】areserved【小題3】offering【小題4】heating【小題5】isplaced【小題6】befound【小題7】while【小題8】rather【小題9】drinking【小題10】escaping【解析】(1)考查固定搭配。句意:按照傳統(tǒng),清明前采茶的價值最高。accordingto"根據(jù)",為固定搭配,句首單詞首字母大寫,故填A(yù)ccording。
(2)考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:客人們通常會得到這種飲料。描述現(xiàn)狀,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),serve和主語之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài),故填areserved。
(3)考查動名詞。句意:在家庭聚會上,年輕人敬茶以示對長輩的尊敬。作介詞的賓語,所以用動名詞,故填offering。
(4)考查動名詞。句意:典型的俄羅斯茶道通常包括一個茶炊一個加熱水的金屬容器。作介詞的賓語,所以用動名詞,故填heating。
(5)考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:然后把茶壺放在茶炊上。描述現(xiàn)狀,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),place和主語之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài),主語為名詞單數(shù),故填isplaced。
(6)考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:茶炊可以在家里、火車上、辦公室和餐館里找到。find和主語之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài),前面有情態(tài)動詞,所以用動詞原形,故填befound。
(7)考查連詞。句意:人們喜歡邊喝茶邊聊天。表示"當(dāng)……的時候",所以用while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句省略了theyare,故填while。
(8)考查固定搭配。句意:如今,大多數(shù)英國人使用茶包而不是茶葉。表示"而不是",所以用ratherthan,故填rather。
(9)考查動名詞。句意:盡管世界各地的社會和文化存在差異,但喝茶代表著一種和平舒適的生活方式。作主語,所以用動名詞,故填drinking。
(10)考查動名詞。句意:這是逃避生活壓力的一種方式。作介詞的賓語,所以用動名詞,故填escaping。
這是一篇說明文,本文主要介紹了各地的茶文化。
做本題的關(guān)鍵是在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上,靈活運用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識。本類型的題目??嫉降闹R點有:固定的短語,詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此,這就需要在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中,牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
30.【答案】experiencingsomanyupsanddowns【解析】根據(jù)句意,橫線處應(yīng)是experiencingsomanyupsanddowns,意為"經(jīng)歷了這么多起起伏伏",介詞after后接動詞時用動名詞形式。
故填:experiencingsomanyupsanddowns。
經(jīng)歷了這么多起起伏伏,他成功地在中國城經(jīng)營起自己的餐廳。
考查漢譯英,注意漢英之間的差異,漢語與英語之間的一些特殊表達,準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子,然后根據(jù)句意及提示進行翻譯,使句意更通順。
31.【答案】somuchmorethanjustaplaying
court
tome【解析】根據(jù)句意,橫線處應(yīng)是somuchmorethanjustaplaying
court
tome,意為"對我而言不只是一個球場",名詞詞組作表語,morethan不僅僅;playing
court球場。
故填:somuchmorethanjustaplaying
court
tome。
自那時起,你對我而言不只是一個球場。
考查漢譯英,注意漢英之間的差異,漢語與英語之間的一些特殊表達,準(zhǔn)確地理解句子、翻譯句子,然后根據(jù)句意及提示進行翻譯,使句意更通順。
32.【答案】Idon't
identifywiththebrutalcookingway
therestauranthandlesitsingredients.【解析】identifywith"認同",為動詞短語,根據(jù)句意可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時;殘忍的烹飪手法thebrutalcookingway,這家餐廳處理食材時therestauranthandlesitsingredients,可用省略關(guān)系詞的限制性定語從句表達,先行詞是way。
故填:Idon't
identifywiththebrutalcookingway
there
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