2007年考研英語一真題解析

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad eindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theideasofrepresentativeernment,careers4totalent, domofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7ofOntheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch,9therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservatives.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s17colonies.Earlypromisestoendntributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully 10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by文章中心：完型填空題理論規(guī)定，文章的中心思想一般體現(xiàn)在文章首段的首句;有文章首段句敘述到By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad independentnations.到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，成為獨立國家。By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad eindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individualsofthesenationslookedtothefuture.“這些國家大概有2000萬…對未來…?！盇natives本地人Binhabitant居民Cpeoples民族D.individualsA.natives2000萬本地人…”，符合句子含義;B.inhabitant居民，“這些國家大概有2000萬居民…”，符合句子含義;C.peoples民族，“這些國家大概有2000萬個民族”，顯然有悖于常理，不符合句子含義;選項D.individuals，“這些國家大概有2000萬…”，不符合句子含義，一般用AB都可以在句子中做主語，確定該題目為語意辨析題。前面相鄰語句(或文章中心思想)敘述到“By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadeindependentnations.到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，成為獨立國家?！卑笧锽。Theroughly20million項A.confusedly困惑地;Bcheerfully高興的Cworried擔心的Dhopefully符合句子含義;選項C.worried擔心的，“這些國家大概有2000萬居民對未來感到擔心”，符合句子含義;選項D.hopefully充滿期待地，“這些國家大概有2000萬居民對未來充滿期前面相鄰語句(或文章中心思想)敘述到“By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonies eindependentnations.到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，成為獨立國立，當讓是充滿希望的。因此正確答案D。BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theideasofrepresentativeernment,careers4totalent,domofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return詞匯辨析題本句子選擇動詞，在句子中充當謂語動詞。句子敘述到manyoftheleadersofindependencetheideasofrepresentativeernment“許多獨立國家的都…議Ashared共有Bforgot忘記Cattained獲得D.rejected.不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章中心思想敘述到“By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad先進而且的“議會制度”當然應該是全力支持的。選項A.shared共有，“許多獨立國家的都認同議會”，符合句子含義;選項B.forgot忘記，“許多獨立國家的人都忘記了議會”，不符合句子含義;選項C.attained獲得，“許多獨立國家的都獲得了議會”，不符合句子含義，“attain獲得”一般是通過長期努力而獲得什么物品，實現(xiàn)什么目標，不能表達為“獲得議會”;選項D.rejected，“許多獨立國家獨立國家都認同議會。manyoftheleadersofindependencesharedtheideasofrepresentative ernment,careersto domofcommerceandtrade,…“許多獨立國家都認同議會，業(yè)…于人才，商業(yè)和貿易自由…?！憋@然，短語“careerstotalent”、短語“domofcommerceandtrade”等都是與“認同議會”相并列的獨立國家們新政的政Arelated相關的Bclose接近的Copen開著的Ddevoted投入的接近的，“職業(yè)接近于人才”，不符合句子含義;C.open開著的，“職業(yè)對于人才開放”，符合文章中心同時也符合句子含義;D.devoted投入的，“職業(yè)投入于人才”，章“獨立”這一中心。因此，正確答案為C。leadersofindependencesharedtheideasofrepresentativeernment,careersopentotalent,domofcommerceandtrade,the toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.“許多獨立國家的都認同議會，認為職業(yè)應該向人才開放，認選項A.accessto接近;Bsuccessionto繼承Crightto…的權利Dreturnto財產的所有權”，故此處選擇right。因此，正確答案為C。6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setof1aws. 7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical邏輯關系題本題目選擇副詞，體現(xiàn)前、后兩個句子之間的邏輯關系。句子敘述到therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,“有一種…的信念，新獨立的國家應該是自治并且獨立的國家?！边x擇邏輯關系詞，相關聯(lián)的兩個句子APresumably大概的 ally偶然的CObviously顯然的DGenerally不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，前面的句子敘述到“manyoftheleadersofindependencesharedtheideasofrepresentativeernment,careersopentotalent,domofcommerceandtrade,therighttoprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.“許多獨立國家的都人是社會的基礎?！痹摼渑c后面的句子沒有任何內容相反或轉折的信號詞，可以判斷兩個句子是順接關系，后面承接上一句內容而來，繼續(xù)介紹新的獨立國家都認同的理念。因此，正確答案為D。beliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbyasetof1aws.“有一種普遍接受的信念，新獨立的國家應該是自治并且獨立的國家,要足夠大并且能夠在經濟上運行良好，通過一套…的法律將各Bcommon普通的Cparticular特殊的Dtypical點的，不符合句子含義。因此，正確答案為B。Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch,9therewaslessagreement10the dom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]byandthepositionoftheChurch…?！瓣P于的…和地位的問題…?！?dom自由B.originCimpact影響D.reform不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項A. religion“的”，符合短語表達;選項C.impactofreligion“的影響”，符合短語表達;選項D.reformofreligion“”，符合短語表達。顯然，四個選項在句子中關于信仰的自由問題產生。因此，正確答案為A。邏輯關系題本題目選擇邏輯關系詞，體現(xiàn)前后句子之間的邏輯關系。句子敘述到Ontheissueof domofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch,therewaslessagreement…。Atherefore因此Bhowever然而Cindeed的確Generallytherewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbyasetB。詞匯辨析題本題目選擇介詞，體現(xiàn)句子內容的范圍。句子敘述到OntheissueofdomofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch,howevertherewaslessagreement leadership選項A.with和…;Babout有關Camong在…之中Dby不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，本句表明各國之間在問題方面不那么有默契了，among表示都不表示范圍。因此，正確答案為C。RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded詞匯辨析題本題目選擇過去分詞，修飾前面相鄰的名詞。句子敘述到RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyonebytheSpanishcrown.“羅馬天主教過去是西班牙的國教，是西班牙王室唯一…的。”該過去分詞短語修飾前面的“RomanCatholicism羅馬天主教”，體現(xiàn)出“Romancrown羅馬皇室”對于“羅馬天主教”的態(tài)度。Bpreached宣揚Cgranted承認Dfunded表示，對于嚴肅的地位不適用;選項B.preached宣揚，對于地位應該不僅僅是宣揚這么膚淺，皇室要通過政治權利規(guī)定的信仰及其地位，該詞不合理;選項C.granted承認()，符合句子含義;選項D.funded資助，表示通過來支持，不符合地位的要求。因此，正確答案為C。12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against邏輯關系題本題目選擇連詞，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關系。句子敘述到mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism…,somesoughttoendthe….“大多數(shù)致力于保Bif如果Cunless除非Dwhile和“一些人致力于結束它的地位”。顯然，二者觀點相異。因此，正確答案為D。詞匯辨析題本題目選擇介詞，將后面的名詞和前面句子的邏輯關系。句子敘述到whilemostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicismtheofficialreligionofthenewstates,“大Aas作為Bfor為了Cunder在...之下D.againstastheofficialreligionofthenewstatesmaintain搭配使用，符合語意關系。因此，正確答案為A。otherfaiths.“一些致力于結束對于其他信仰的…?！边x項A.spreadB.interferenceCexclusion排除Dpromised同，exclusion用在此處符合語境，表示“結束對于其他的排擠”。這里使用spread，interference和influence與前面內容均不構成轉折關系。因此，正確答案為C。ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservatives.到ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservatives.“成為保守的戰(zhàn)斗…。”選項A.support支持;B.cry哭喊;C.plea懇請;D.wish希望。本句與成為保守的戰(zhàn)斗。這里rallyingcry為固定搭配。因此，正確答案為B。Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.固定搭配題本題目選擇動詞，與to構成搭配，在句子中充當謂語動詞。句子敘述到BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhadinreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.Aurged敦促Bintended打算Cexpected期望Dpromised就是后者承諾制度。選項A.urged敦促，表示主動且積極，不符合句子含義;選項B.intended打算，表示主動且積極，不符合句子含義;選項C.expected期望，表示能動性，不符合句子含義;Dpromisedpromisetodosth.意為“答應做某事”，答應是口頭的并非付諸于行動的，在此有“陽奉陰違”的意味。因此，正確答案為D。By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s17colonies.17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]originalbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’scolonies.1854年，除了西班牙…的殖民Bformer原來的Doriginal不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項A.controlling正在的，“到了1854年，除了西班牙正在的殖的一致性，不符合句子含義;B.former1854年，除了西班牙原來的殖毫沒有效用，顯然不符合句子含義;Cremaining1854年，除了西班牙違的不徹底的制的行為;選項D.original原始的，“到了1854年，除了西班牙原始不符合句子含義。因此應選C，指西班牙的殘存的殖民地國家。Emisestoendntributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch 選項A.slower較慢;Bfaster較快Ceasier較容易爾承諾制，到1854年除了西班牙剩余的殖民地外，其他地區(qū)都已制，因答案為A。詞匯辨析題本題目選擇動詞，在定語從句中充當謂語動詞。句子敘述到thenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies_.“新的國家仍然需要這些政策所…的收入?！边x項A.created創(chuàng)建;Bproduced產生，生產Ccontributed有助于DpreferredpoliciesproduceA.created創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)建，不能與“revenue收入”構成合理的主謂關系;選項C.contributed有助于，一般要構成要構成“preferto”的短語。句子中沒有提供比較的參照，所以不涉及“更喜歡”，不符合句子含義。因此，正確答案為B。Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unprepared詞匯辨析題本題目選擇過去分詞短語，在句子中構成語態(tài)，充當謂語。句子Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwasself-ruleanddemocracy.“的情緒通常被緩解，這是由于擔心大眾…自治和?！盇puzzledby困惑B.hostiletoCpessimisticto悲觀DunpreparedtounpreparedforD1830年，原來的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地變成了獨立的國家。這些國家的獨立國家早期者們的理想通常是主義，重視一切。得到海地的援助，作為回報，他承諾在自己解放的地區(qū)制。到了1854年，除了西班牙前殖民地SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Ifyouweretoexaminethebirth sofeverysocceryerin2006’sWorldCuptournament.youwouldmostlikelyfendanoteworthyquirk：elitesocceryersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks，youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses：a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime，attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson，a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,saysbelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden，andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment，nearly30yearsago，involvedmemory：trainingtohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject，afterabout20hoursoftraining，hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20，”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving，andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”Thissuccess，coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined，ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords，whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize，thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleach “encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined，wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvesingspecificgoals，obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits，includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan，notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperiments、^rimhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion：thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Orputanotherway,expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade，notborn.ThebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsocceryersismentionedtostresstheimportanceofprofessionalspotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldintroducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertexinwhysomesoccerteamsybetterthanTheword“mania”(Line4：Paragraph2)mostprobably A.funB.crazeC.hysteriaD.excitement23.AccordingtoEricsson，goodmemory dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofresultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveisdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalrequiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalbiographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellenttheroleoftalenttendstobehighachieversowetheirSuccessmostlytoWhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriesto“Faithwillmovemountains.”B.“OnereapswhatoneC.“Practicemakesperfect.D.“Likefather，likeson.”文章首段句是Ifyouweretoexaminethebirth sofeverysocceryer,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk：elitesocceryersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.如果你查一下參加2006年Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?如FloridaStateUniversitysayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove”AndersEricsson是佛Thissuccess，coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined，ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.后來進行的實驗表明了力本身不是由基因決定的，這些結果與第一次實驗的成功一起讓Ericsson得出結論，行為與其說是一Or，putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade，notborn.換一種結構題Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsocceryersismentioned AstresstheimportanceofprofessionalspotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldintroducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertexinwhysomesoccerteamsybetterthan該題作為結構題將例子“Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsocceryers”定位到文章第一段Ifyouweretoexaminethebirth sofeverysocceryerin2006sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk：elitesocceryersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks，youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.根據結構題方位論原則，找例子對應的論段中。尾段句為Or，putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade，notborn.“換式來說，那些專introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.引出如何造就專家表現(xiàn)的。(補充：Theword“mania”(Line4：Paragraph2mostprobablymeans選項A.funB.craze狂燥，狂ChysteriaDexcitement該題將識別的詞匯“maniaWhatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses：a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtimeattheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.作為識詞題，按照“方位論原則”：在識別詞匯后面找表示邏輯關系的表達。因此，向前面找平行結構soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime，“對狂熱的父母可能在春天這個一年之中狂熱的期孕育”。因此答案應選B.craze狂燥，狂熱。細節(jié)題AccordingtoEricsson，goodmemory 選項A.dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.B.resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveC.isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalD.requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeof該題利用“Ericsson”粗略定位到文章第三段AndersEricsson，a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove”.EricssongrewupinSweden，andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment，nearly30yearsago，involvedmemory：traininga tohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject，afterabout20hoursoftraining，hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving，andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.goodmemory第四段Thissuccess，coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined，ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.“后來進行的實驗表明了力本身不是由決定的，這些結果與第一次實驗的成功一起讓Ericsson得出結論，行為與其說是一種行為不如說是一種A.dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.依靠有意義的信息處理過程，與定位的語句動作“實驗表明了力本身不是由決定的，Ericsson得出結論行為與其說是一種行為不如說是一種認知行為”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項B.results驗表明了力本身不是由決定的，Ericsson得出結論行為與其說是一種行為不如說是一種認知行為”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項C.isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.由決定而不是心理因素，與定位的語句動作“實驗表明了力本身不是由決定的，Ericsson得出結論行為與其說是一種行為不如說是一種認知行為”沒有任何關聯(lián);Drequiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.需要立刻反饋并且注意力高度集中，與定位的語句動作“實驗表明了力本身不是由決定的，Ericsson得出結論行為與其說是一種行為不如說是一種認知行為”沒有mayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorizethosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleach“encodes”theinformation.“換句話說，不管兩個人在能力方面表現(xiàn)出來的差異有多大，這種差異都會被每個人信息能力的強弱所掩蓋?！边x項A.dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.依靠有意義的信息處理過程，與相關信息句動作“于“被信息能力所掩蓋”，體現(xiàn)“主動替換”的關系;選項B.resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.由于天生而不是認知練習，與相關信息句動作“能力的差thanpsychologicalfactors.由決定而不是心理因素，與相關信息句動作“能力的差異ahighdegreeofconcentration.需要立刻反饋并且注意力高度集中，與相關信息句動作“能力的差異會的信息能力的強弱所掩蓋”沒有任何關聯(lián)。因此，正確答案為A.dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.依靠有意義的信息處理過程。細節(jié)題Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelieve AtalentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalB.biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentC.theroleoftalenttendstobeD.highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytohavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits，includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentwithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertionthetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Orputanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmadenotOrputexpertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade，notborn.“換式來說，那些專家級的從業(yè)者，無論是力超群者，還A.talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.天賦是相悖;B.biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.生物表格中的數(shù)據是出任何關聯(lián);Ctheroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.天賦的作用被忽略了，與相關信息句動作“專家級從業(yè)者幾乎都是后天練就的，而非天生的”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項D.highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.卓越的成功者將其成功歸咎與后天的培育，與相D.highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.卓越的成功者將其成功歸咎與后天Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriesto.B.“OnereapswhatonesowsC.“PracticemakesperfectD.“Likefather，likeson是段尾句Orputanotherway,expertperformerswhetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade，notborn.“換式來說，那些專家級的makesperfect”熟能生巧。(補充：本題目作為主旨題也可以用中心統(tǒng)一原則提煉的確定各全文翻譯如果你查一下參加2006年錦標賽的每位運動員的出生證明，就極冬天出生的孩子氧容量高，因此踢的耐力好;3)對狂熱的父母更可能在春天這個一年之中狂熱的期孕育;4)以上猜測都不成立。AndersEricsson是佛達州立大學的心理學教授，他堅信前三種推測均不成立。Ericsson在瑞典長大，開始時學習核工程，直到他如果自己改學心理學，就會有 因而，Ericsson和他的同事開始研究不同領域的技藝精湛的從業(yè)者，包括運動員。過高。換式來說，那些專家級的從業(yè)者，無論力超群者，還是專家級外科醫(yī)生，F(xiàn)orthepastseveralyears，theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynVOSSavant.Whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies，toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut，andtodeducenumericalsequences.amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as，What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,inligence passesmorethatascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofinligencecanbespecified，andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore，eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms：theStanfordBinetInligenceScaleandtheWechslerInligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars.theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists，althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWideWeb.Superhighscores1ikeVosSavant’sarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers，ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests，suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE)，capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife.arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIn ligentIsIn Testing?”，Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge，componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlowstressconditions，butunderhighstressconditions，IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattestskillalsomatters，whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoWhichofthefollowingmayberequiredinaninligenceFoldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentChoosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenWhatcanbeinferredabout ligencetestingfromParagraphPeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofinMoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheThetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybeScientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhuman PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasVosSavant’s thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalcreativityrather yticalskillsisemphasizedVosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotthedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshasWecanconcludefromthelastparagraph testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sIQscoresandSATresultsarehighlytestinginvolvesalotoftraditionaltestsareoutofWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQA.SupportiveB.SkepticalC.ImpartialD.文章首段句是Forthepastseveralyears，theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn”.在過去的幾年里，周日增Parade報紙中有一個特寫專欄“向Marilyn提問”。第二段確定段落內容方向的語句是Clearly,inligence passesmorethatascoreonatest.顯然，智力所包含的遠不只是測試中的分數(shù)。第三段確定段落內容方向的語句是ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore，eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.雖然智商測試不第四段確定段落內容方向的語句是Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife.arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.RobertJ.Sternberg細節(jié)題WhichofthefollowingmayberequiredinaninligenceB.FoldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentC.lingthedifferencesbetweencertainD.Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegiven該題利用定位詞“inligencetest”定位到文章第一段IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies，toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut，andtodeducenumerical后和剪裁之后的形狀，推斷數(shù)字順序以及其他的一些類似的任務?！边x項A.Answeringphilosophicalquestions.回答哲學問題，與相關信息句動作“完成語言和視覺類推，想象紙在折疊之后的形狀，推斷數(shù)字順序等”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項B.Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.將紙折或剪成不同形狀，與相關信息句動作“完成語言和視覺類推，想象紙在折疊之后的形狀，推斷數(shù)字順序等”沒有任何關聯(lián);C.lingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.區(qū)分特定概念的差別，與相關信息句動作“完成語言和視覺類推，想象紙在wordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.選擇與給定內容相同的字或圖。 ligencetestingfromParagraph選項A.PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorof B.MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheC.ThetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybeD.Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhuman 該題利用定位詞“inligencetesting”定位到文章第三段ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore，eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms：theStanfordBinetInligenceScaleandtheWechslerInligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists，althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWideWeb.Superhighscores1ikeVosSavantsarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers，ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests，suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE)，capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.段落中前兩句提到了定位詞“inligencetesting”。第一句ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore，eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.“雖然智商測試不像過去用的那樣多A.PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofinligence.人們不再用智商值表示智力了，與該句的動作“雖然智商測試不像過IQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.網上有版本的智商測試，與該句的動作“雖然智商測試不像過去用的那樣多了，但是對人類智力定義的仍然是智商數(shù)”沒有任何關聯(lián);C.Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.成人和兒童的測試內容力定義的仍然是智商數(shù)”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項D.Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumaninligence.科學家已經定義了人類智力的重要因素，與該句的動作“雖然testcomesprimarilyintwoforms：theStanfordBinetIn ligenceScaleandtheWechsler ligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).“測試主要有兩種形式：一種是StanfordBinet智力量表，一種是Wechsler智力量表(兩個量表均有成人和兒童兩個版本)?！边x項A.PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofin 力了，與相關信息句動作“測試主要有兩種形式，一種是StanfordBinet智力量表，一種是IQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.網上有版本的智商測試，與相關信息句動作均有成人和兒童兩個版本)”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項C.Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.成人和兒童的測試內容和可能是不同的，與相關信息句動作ofhumanin childrenmaybedifferent.成人和兒童的測試內容和可能是不同的。細節(jié)題PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasVosSavantsbecause.B.creativityratherthanyticalskillsisemphasizedCVosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.VosSavant的案例是個的案例而且不會重復。D.thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshas1ikeVosSavant’sarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers，ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.“像vosSavant那樣的分數(shù)不可能再出現(xiàn)了，這是因為現(xiàn)在的計再乘以100得出的數(shù)值。”選項A.thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputational.ratherthanyticalskillsisemphasizednow.強調的是創(chuàng)造力而不是分析能力，與相關信息句齡除以生理再乘以100得出的數(shù)值”沒有任何關聯(lián);選項C.VosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.V