小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全(語法-句型-詞匯)

第一部分語法知識(shí)（類）一.(一名單復(fù)數(shù)一情況，直接-s，：bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以sh.尾，加，：box-boxes,brush-brushes,以輔音字+y結(jié)，變y為i,再-es，：family-families,strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe結(jié)，變f或fe為v,再加，如knife-knives不則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice，child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型：juice,water,milk,rice,tea(二名的格(1)有命的東西的名詞所有格：a)單后加’s如Lucyrulermyfathershirtb)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’如hisfriends’bagsc)不s結(jié)的復(fù)數(shù)后加’schildren’sshoesd)并名詞中，如果把’s加最后一個(gè)名詞后，表示共如Tom’scar湯和邁克共有的小汽車要表示所有物不是共有的，應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后’s’sandMikecars湯和麥克各自的小汽車(2)表無生命東西的名詞通?！皁f名詞來示所有關(guān)系：如apictureoftheclassroomaof二.種：(1)不冠詞a/aunit/anuncle元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an:anapple/anorange/eraser/ananswer/ancard/alarmclock/anactor/anactresse-mail/anaddress/aneventexampleopera/houranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionartlesson/(2)定詞theeggplane用法定冠詞的用法：(1)特(些人某些物Therulerisonthedesk.(2)復(fù)上文提到的人或物Hehasasweater.Thesweater(3)談雙方都知道的人或物：aren’tatschool.(4)在數(shù)詞前：John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.(5)用固定詞組中：inthemorning/afternoonevening不用冠詞的情況：(1)專名詞前：isabigcountry.

(2)名前有定語：this,that,,your,some,,等：Thisismybaseball.(3)復(fù)名詞表示一類人和事：’tswim.areteachers.(4)在日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前TodayisChristmasDay.It’sSunday.(5)一三餐前：havebreakfastat6:30.(6)球棋類動(dòng)前：TheyoftenplayfootballafterHeplayschessathome(7)學(xué)名稱前：favoritesubjectismusic.(8)在呼或頭銜的名詞前Thisis(9)固詞組中：atnightby代：人稱代詞（主格，賓格主詞第一人稱單數(shù)I(我me我)復(fù)數(shù)

we(我us我的第二人稱單數(shù)you(youyour(你)復(fù)數(shù)

you(你)你的第三人稱單數(shù)他himhis(she(herher(她的it(它)復(fù)數(shù)they(他們她們它們themtheir(他們的她的它們)形詞，副詞：比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)(一形詞的比較級(jí)1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞。較級(jí)前面可以用more,a來飾表示程度than后的人稱代詞用主格口中可用賓格形詞加er的則：⑴一在詞尾加;⑵以母e結(jié)尾，加⑶以個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加r;⑷以輔字+”結(jié)，先把變，再加er。不則形容詞比較級(jí)：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful(二副的比較級(jí)形詞與副詞的區(qū)別有be用形，有形用有動(dòng)用副，有副用動(dòng)⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后副比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)(不則變化well-better,far-farther)(1)1-20onesevenfifteen，sixteen，seventeen，，，twenty(2)21-99先說幾十，說幾，間加連字符。

→twenty，34-four，→fortyfive，56→fifty，67→sixty，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty，→ninety-one—999先說“幾，再加，再加末兩位數(shù)或末位;→fiveand-six，→eighthundredthree(4)l，000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一”，一“”前為thousand.第個(gè)”前為million，三“”前為billion1，001→onethousandone18，thousand，hundredandtwenty-three6260，milliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine，，000，000→sevenandfiftybillion序數(shù)詞(1)一在基數(shù)詞后加theg.four→fourth，(2)不則變化one→firsttwo→secondthree→thirdnine→ninthtwelfth(3)以結(jié)的十位整數(shù)，變y為再加thtwenty→twentieth，，ninety→ninetieth從二十一后的幾十幾”直幾幾十幾或幾幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twenty-first，hundredandforty-fifth基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加一，二，三，特殊記，詞尾字母八去九e,要替ty將y變，前面有個(gè)若是碰到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。：at,等1.at表時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)(在時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段)。at：00(dawn，，noon)一點(diǎn)黎明、午夜、中)2.on1)示具體日期。注：關(guān)在周末的種表示法：at(on)theweekend在末--特at(on)weekends在末--泛overweekend在個(gè)周末duringtheweekend在周末期間2)剛的候Onreachingcitycalledhisparents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。3.in表示時(shí)'、時(shí)期，多數(shù)情況下可以和during互，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對比，后者強(qiáng)持續(xù)。in(during)1988(December，20thcentury)在一九八八十月、二十世)

(1)一現(xiàn)在時(shí)：動(dòng)：主+are)+其。如：amaboy.我是一男孩。行動(dòng)詞：主語行動(dòng)其它。如Westudy我學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單(he,she,時(shí)要在動(dòng)詞后'-s'或。：likesChinese.瑪喜歡漢語。動(dòng)詞s的化規(guī)則一情況下，直接加s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以sh.ch.結(jié)，加，如guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以輔音字+y結(jié)，變y為i,再-es，：study-studies(2)一過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞過去式詳解動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞①一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed如worked,learned,cleaned,visited②以e結(jié)的動(dòng)詞直接加d如liveddanced,③以輔音字母加結(jié)的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再ed(此類動(dòng)詞較如study–studiedcarry–carried–worried注play、不是輔音字母加所以不屬于此類④雙寫最后一個(gè)字母此動(dòng)詞較少stoppedB、規(guī)則動(dòng)(此詞并無規(guī)則，須熟)小階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式sing–sangeat–ate,seesaw–had,–did,gowent,–took,buybought,–read–read,fly–flewam/is–was,areweresay–,leave–left,swim–swam,–,–drewcome–came,lose–lost,find–found,drink–drank,hurt,–(3)一將來時(shí)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoing+do;②will+do.begoing=Iamgoingtoswimming明天.Iwillgo(4)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)am,is,are+詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動(dòng)的ing形的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：①一般的直接在后面加上,如,goingworking,singingeating②以e結(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要先去再ing，,writing③雙寫最后一個(gè)字母此動(dòng)詞極：,swimming,sitting,getting

第二部分句法陳句(1)肯句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子如student.Shedoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefansourclassroom.Heeatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.(2)、定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞句子，如notastudent.Sheis(isn’t)adoctor.Henot(doesnahospital.arenot(aren’t)fourfansinclassroom.Hewillnot(wonlunchat12:00.didnot(didnyesterdayevening.疑句一般疑問句：是指詢問事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須“yes，或no來答。特殊疑問句殊疑問(what,where,who,,when,whose,why,等開引的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么，不能“yes、”來回答。3.Therebe句There句與have,的別1There句表示：在某地有某或2、在be句型中，主語是單數(shù)be動(dòng)用;主是復(fù)數(shù)be動(dòng)用are;如幾件物品，動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近動(dòng)的那個(gè)名詞決定。3therebe句的否定句在動(dòng)詞后加not,一疑問句把be動(dòng)調(diào)到句首。4therebe句型與have(has)的別therebe表在某地有某(或;have(has)表示某人擁有某物。5和在therebe句中的運(yùn)用用肯定句，any用否定句或疑問句。6and和or在therebe句中的運(yùn)用and用于肯定句，用否定句或疑問句。7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名復(fù)+there+介短?Howmuch+不數(shù)名詞+isthere+介短8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：’s+介短?

第三部分詞匯1、學(xué)習(xí)用品（school）pen/pen/鋼pencil/'pensl/鉛pencil-case/'penslkeis/鉛盒ruler/'ru:l?/尺book/buk/書bag/b?g/包postcard?ust:d/明片newspaper/'nju:z,peip/報(bào)schoolbag書eraser?/橡皮crayon/?n/蠟筆sharpener/?ɑ?n?/卷筆刀story-book/?故事書notebook/utbuk筆本Chinese/?ai'ni:z/語文書English/'i?gli/英書mathsbook/θs/數(shù)學(xué)書magazine/,m?g?'zi:n雜newspaper/?/報(bào)dictionary/??neri/詞典2、身體部位（body）footfut/腳head/頭face/feis/臉hair/?/頭發(fā)nose?鼻mouth/mauθ嘴eyeai/眼ear/?/耳arm/ɑ手臂hand/h?nd/手finger/'fi?g?/手leg/leg/腿tailteil/尾巴3、顏色（）red/red/紅blue/blu:/藍(lán)yellow/'jel黃green/gri:n/綠white/wait/白black/bl?k/黑

pink/pi粉purple/'p?紫orange?:rind/橙brown/braun/棕4、動(dòng)物（animals）cat/k?t/貓dog/d?g/狗pig/pig/豬duck/d?k/鴨rabbit兔子horse?:s/馬elephant/'elif?nt/大象ant螞fish/魚bird?:d/鳥snake/sneik/蛇mouse/maus/鼠kangaroo/,k?'ru:/袋鼠monkey??ki/猴子panda/'p?nd?/熊bear熊lion/'lai?n/獅tiger?/老foxks/狐貍zebra?/斑馬deer/di?/鹿giraffe?i'rɑ長鹿goose/gu:s/鵝hen/hen/母turkey?:ki/火雞lamb/l?m/小羊sheep?i:p/綿goat?ut/山cow/kau/奶shark/'ɑ鯊魚seal/si:l/海5人物people）friend/frend/朋boy?/男g(shù)irl女mother??/母親fatherɑ:e?/父sister?/姐brother??/兄

uncle/'??kl/叔/m?n/男'wum?n/女人先生Miss小lady/'leidi/女mom/m媽dad爸parents???nts/父母grandma:/grandmother?e?（外）祖母grandpa/'gr?ndpɑgrandfatherɑ:e?（外）祖父auntɑ阿cousin/'kzn/堂兄妹son?n/兒baby/'beibi/嬰兒kid/kid/孩classmate/'klɑ同學(xué)queen/'kwi:n/女visitor/'vizit/參觀者neighbour/'neib?/鄰居principal??/校penpal/penp?l筆友tourist/'tu:rist/旅行者people/'pi:pl人物robot?t/機(jī)器人六、職（）teacher?/教student?學(xué)doctor?醫(yī)nurse:s/護(hù)driver/'draiv?/司farmer:m/農(nóng)singer/'si/歌唱家writer?/作家artistɑ:tist畫actor/'?kt?男演員actress/'?ktris/女員TVreporter/ri'p/電視臺(tái)記者engineer/,end?/工師policeman/?'li:sm?n（男）警察salesperson?:sn/銷員cleaner?/清潔工baseball?:l'plei棒運(yùn)動(dòng)員assistant/?'sistnt/售貨員6、食品（food）breakfastst早餐

lunch/l??/中餐dinner/'din/晚egg/eg/雞rice米cake/keik/蛋bread/bred/面包jam/d??m/果biscuit/'biskit/餅干sausage:sid?香腸sandwich/'s?ndwit/三明治dumplings/'d?mpli?/餃子Frenchfriesfraiz/薯?xiàng)lmeat/mi:t/肉chicken?ikin/雞mutton?tn/羊肉beef/bi:f/牛pork:k/豬fish/魚hamburger/'h?mb?:g/漢hot?g/熱狗noodles/'nu:dl/面soup/su:p/湯salad/'s?l?沙milk/milk/牛water?/水ice-cream/aiskri:m/冰淋cola?ul/可樂juice/d?果汁tea/ti:/茶coffee咖啡fruit/fru:t/水a(chǎn)pple蘋banana/?:n?/香蕉pear?/梨orange?:rind?/橙watermelon??,meln/西grape/greip葡萄cherry/'teri/櫻桃lemon/'lemn檸mango/?gu/果uknt椰子peach/pi:t/桃strawberry/?:b?草莓vegetable??bl/蔬

eggplantɑ/茄子greenbeansgri:nbi:ns/青豆tomato?'meitu/西紅柿potato/?u/土cucumber/?mb/黃onion??洋peapi:/豌豆carrot/?t/胡卜cabbage?/卷心菜pumpkin/'p?mpkin南瓜sweetpotato/swi:t??u/紅薯7、服clothes）jacket?夾衫shirt?:t/襯衫T-shirtT衫skirt?短裙子dress/dres/連衣裙jeans?牛仔褲pants/p?nts//trousers?z/褲socksks/襪子shoes?u:z/鞋子sweater?/毛衣coat?ut/外raincoat?雨衣shorts?:ts/短sandals/'s?ndl/鞋boots/bu:ts/靴hat/h?t/有邊帽cap/k?p/無邊帽tie/tai/領(lǐng)sunglassesɑ陽鏡scarfɑ:f/圍巾gloves?手套8、交通工具（vehicles）bike/baik/自行車bus?s/公汽車train/trein/火boat?ut/小ship?ip/輪yacht?快艇carɑ小車taxi出車jeep/d?吉普車van小貨車

plane/plein/飛subwaybwei/地鐵motorcycle?ut?'saikl/摩托車9、雜物（other）window/'wind窗door/d?:/門desk/desk/課chair??/椅bed/bed/床computer/k計(jì)算機(jī)board:d/寫板fan風(fēng)扇light燈mirror?鏡子teacherdesk/?desk/講picture/'pikt/圖photo?ut?照wall墻floor/fl:/地football?足present/'preznt//gift/gift禮walkman/?n/隨聽lamp/l?mp/臺(tái)燈phone?電話sofa?/沙shelf?elf/書fridge/frid/冰table/'teibl/桌air-conditioner??n'di??/空調(diào)key/ki:/鑰lockk/鎖plate/pleit/盤knife/naif/刀fork/f:k/叉spoon/spu:n/勺子chopsticks??pstiks/筷pot?t/鍋toy?玩具doll洋娃ball/b球balloon/b'lu:n/氣kite/kait/風(fēng)箏jigsawpuzzle?igs:'p?拼游戲box?盒子

umbrella?/傘zipper/'zip?/拉violin?小琴nest/nest/鳥hole洞toothbrush/'tu:?/牙/'menju:/菜e-card:d/電卡片e-mail/meil/電郵件?ni/錢trafficlait/交燈medicine/'medisin/藥、地點(diǎn)locations）?um/家room/ru:m/房間bedroom/'bedrum/臥bathroom衛(wèi)間livingroom/'livi/起室客kitchen?in/廚classroomɑ:srum/教室school/sku:l/學(xué)校parkɑ公園library/'laibrri/圖書館postoffice?ust:fis/郵局hospitalspitl/醫(yī)院cinema/'sinim?/電影院bookstore?:/書店farmɑ農(nóng)zoo/zu:/動(dòng)園gardenɑ:dn/花playground/'pleigraund/操canteen餐teacheroffice/':fis/教師辦公室/d?體館washroom?rum/盥洗室artroomɑru:m/美室computer?m'pju:t/電房musicroom/'mju:zik/音教室TV電房flat/fl?t/公寓company??ni/公司factory?工廠pet/pet??p/寵店sciencemuseum/'sai??科博物館

theGreatWall/greit長城supermarket?,m:kit/超bank/b??k/銀country鄉(xiāng)村village/'vilid?村city城、氣象）cold?uld/冷的hot?t/熱的/w:m/溫的cool/ku:l/涼的snowy?ui/下的sunny?ni/晴朗的rainy/'reini/下windy/'windi/刮的cloudy/'klaudi/多云的weatherreport?ri'p:t/天預(yù)報(bào)12、物（）river/'riv/河流lake/leik/湖stream/stri:m/小溪forestrist/森pathɑ:θ小road?馬路house?房子bridge/brid?/橋building建筑物rain/rein/雨cloud/klaud/云sun太mountain/'mauntin大sky/skai/天rainbow?u/彩虹wind風(fēng)air/?/空13、物（）flower/'flau/花grassɑ:s/草tree樹seed種leaf/li:f/樹plantɑ植物rose?uz/玫瑰、星期（）

Monday/'m?ndei/星一Tuesday/'tju:zdi/星期二Wednesday/wenzdi/星三Thursday/':zdi/星四Friday/'fraidi/星五Saturday/'s?t星期六Sunday?ndi/星天周末、月份months）January/'d?一月February/'februri/二月/mɑ?/三Aprill/四/mei/五月Juneu:n/六July/du:'lai/七月August??八September/九October?k'tub?/十November?u'vemb/十月/di'semb?/十月、季節(jié)seasons）spring/spri?m/?:l'?m/winter/'wint?/17、方位（）south/sauθ/?:北東west/west/西left/left/左right/rait/右18、?。ǎ﹉aveafever?發(fā)高燒hurt?:t/疼haveacold?傷haveatoothacheθei/疼haveaheadache頭haveasorethroat?:θrut/喉嚨haveastomachache/'st??keik/胃19、詞（）one一二

three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十fourteen十四fifteen十sixteen十六seventeen十eighteen十nineteen九twenty二thirty三forty四fifty五sixty六seventy七十eighty八ninety九hundred??一first第second第二third第fourth第fifth第五sixth第seventh第eighth第ninth第tenth第十eleventh第十一twelfth第十二20、容詞（）big/big/大small/sm?:/小long/l長的?:l/高short/:t/短

young/j?年的old/uld/老strong/str強(qiáng)壯的thin/in/的積的quiet/'kwai?安的nice/nais好kind/kaind/善良的strict/strikt/格的smart/smɑ明的funny/'f?ni/滑的sweet/swi:t/的?/的sour/'sau/酸?新鮮?rit/最喜歡的干的?累的excited/ik'saitid/興的angry/'?生的happy/'h?pi/高興的?:d/無聊的難的taller更的shorter更的stronger更壯的older更的younger更年輕的bigger更大的heavier更的longer更的thinner更的smaller更小的good好better更的higher更的fine/fain/好的棒heavy/'hevi/重new/nju:/新的fat/f?t/胖right對餓可愛的

的lovely/'l可的??漂亮的colourful/'k?l?五六色的pretty/'priti/漂亮的?便的貴juicy/'d?u:si/汁的healthy/'helθ健的?l有幫助的高的easy/'i:zi/簡的proud/praud/驕傲的、介詞）in在……里面on在…上面under/'??在……下面near?在…附近在…后面nextto在…旁邊over/'??懸在……上面infront?在…前面、代詞（pron.）我we/wi:/我你，你們he/hi:/他she/i:/她它他們我?我的your/ju?/你，你們的his/hiz/的?她、動(dòng)詞verb.）玩swim/swim/游泳溜fly/flai/飛jump/dmp/walk/w走?n/跑爬

fight/fait/打swing/swi?/秋千eat/i:t/吃睡歡有buy/bai/買take/teik拍照居teach/ti:t/教go/g?u/去study/'stdi/習(xí)learn/l學(xué)習(xí)sing/si?/歌ɑ:ns/跳row/ru/劃read讀do做作業(yè)watchTV??/看視cookthe/kukmi:l/燒watertheflowers?澆花thefloor/swi:p拖clean/kli:n掃房間thebed鋪疊settable擺桌washclothes?uez/衣服washdishes?洗盤子usecomputer?m'pju:t?/用電腦domorningexercises?:ni'ekssaiz/做操eatbreakfast?吃餐eatdinner?/吃飯gotoschool去學(xué)haveEnglishclass英語課playsports/plei:ts/育運(yùn)動(dòng)getup床climbmountains/klaim'mauntins/爬goshopping去物playpiano/pi'?n?彈琴visitgrandparents/'viz