基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3期末復(fù)習(xí)材料

基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3期末復(fù)習(xí)材料Unit5Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.whatatangledwebweweave,whenfirstwepracticetodeceive.Whenwestarttotellthefirstlie,wearelikelytotellmoretocoverthefirstone.Oneliewillleadtoanother,thenwewillgetourselvesinacomplicatedsituation.2."Psychologicalbarriersweardown;theabilitytomakemoredistinctionscancoarsen;theliar`sperceptionofhischancesofbeingcaughtmaywarp."Psychologicalbarriersbecomesmallerandsmaller.Wetelllieswithouthesitationevenifthedeceitwasuncovered.Theliarwouldn`ttakeitseriously.3.Themostunderstandableandforgivableliesareanexchangeofwhatethicistsrefertoastheprincipleoftrustfortheprincipleofcaring.Accordingtoethicizes,themostforgivableandacceptableliesarebasedonprincipleofcaringandloveinsteadoftrust.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Theliesweremostoftennotwhatmostofuswouldcallearth-shattering.veryimportanttotheworld2.AccordingtoDePaulo,womenintheirinteractionswithotherwomenliedmostlytosparetheother`sfeeling.avoidhurtingother`sfeeling3.Andthenthereareprofessions—lawyers,pundits,PRconsultant—whosemembersspecializeinshapingorspinningthetruthtosuitclient`sneeds.modifyingthefact4.PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthattheycanputusonslipperyslope.somethingthatcanleadtoseriousconsequence5.AreallwhiteliestobeavoidedatallcastsunderanycircumstancesⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.Itisgenerallyconsideredunethicalforphysicianstoadvertize.(ethics)Theyoungactorwasrequestedtospeakinafeignedvoice.(feign)Wemustbeunsparinginourcriticismofarmstrade.(spare)Herhardexperiencehasnotcoarsenedherormadehercynical.(cynicism)Mostshopsareshutdownduringthisconfoundedlyhotspell.(confound)Theavailabilityofcreditlubricatedthechannelsoftrade.(lubricant)TheropeswereentangledsoJohnnywasnotabletountietheparcel.(tangle)Willfulpeoplecannottoleratetheslightestfrustrationoftheirwishes.(will)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.1.Theoutdoorconcertwascalledoffduetotheweather.canceled2.Theexpandedvocabulary,aswellastheimprovedreadingspeedandaccuracy,willbearecordthatcanencourageyoutogetovertheboredom.overcome3.Theyknewthatanyfailuretoabidebythetermsofthetreatywouldbringinternationalcondemnation.follow4.HewasreducedtobegginginthestreetsofManhattan.fellinto5.Theplainfactisthattheyaregivingmethesake,howevertheytrytodressitup.makeitmoreacceptable6.Thesecretisnottobroodoveryourfailures,buttaacceptthemasinevitable.careabout7.Theoptionofincreasinginvestmenthasbeenruledout.givenup8.Itiswisetosetfoodandmoneybyincaseofafutureemergency.reserveforfutureuseⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.Moststrikingly,thesetellers-of-a-thousand-liesreportedthattheirdeceptionscausedthem"littlepreoccupationorregret."十分驚人的是，這些無(wú)數(shù)次說(shuō)謊的人稱，說(shuō)謊并沒(méi)有是他們十分糾結(jié)或者后悔。Despitetheseadmission,91percentofallrespondentssaidtheywere"satisfiedwithmyownethicsandcharacter."盡管承認(rèn)說(shuō)謊，91%的反饋者稱“對(duì)自己的道德和性格還是感到滿意?！盨urely,these"nicelies"areharmlessandwell-intended,anecessarysociallubricant.這些善意的謊言無(wú)疑是好意的，也是社會(huì)必要的潤(rùn)滑劑。Andifyou`renotsure,MarkTwainhasgivenusagoodruleofthumb."Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends."如果你沒(méi)有把握，馬克吐溫給了我們一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則“拿不準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候就說(shuō)實(shí)話，這會(huì)使迷惑敵人，震驚朋友?！雹?TranslateChineseintoEnglish.1、當(dāng)哈姆雷特拿不定主意該采取什么行動(dòng)時(shí)，他就裝瘋（feign）Hamletfeignedmadnesswhenhewashesitatingaboutwhattodo.2、搪塞推諉是這生意人的慣用伎倆（prevarication）Prevaricationisoneofthetechniquesthisbusinessmanlikestoemploy.3、真理之光有時(shí)太刺目，于是善意的謊言隨處可見（ubiquitous）Sometimesthelightofthetruthisjusttoodazzling,sowhiteliesareubiquitous.4、美國(guó)許多婦女聲稱他們對(duì)自己二等公民的地位感到不滿（profess）ManywomeninAmericaprofessthattheyareunhappywiththeirstatusassecond-classcitizens.5、一時(shí)沖動(dòng)之下，他失言抖出了秘密（blurtout）Ontheimpulseofthemoment,heblurtedoutthesecret.6、你應(yīng)該擺脫偏見，抵制誘惑，不讓任何東西扭曲你的判斷（warp）Youshouldgetridofanyprejudice,resisttemptationsandletnothingwarpyourjudgment.7、他是一個(gè)過(guò)于敏感和富于想象的人，經(jīng)常在頭腦里編織一張復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)（atangledweb）Beingover-sensitiveandimaginative,heoftenweavesatangledwebinhismind.8、他在伙伴中很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗M量不給別人添麻煩（spare）Heisverypopularamonghispeersashealwaystriestospareothersanytrouble.Unit8Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.Itwouldbeunwisetopursueanimpossiblegoalevenifitismagnificent/great.2.Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistogetone'shorizonfreefromtheconfinementoftimeandspace.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.takeintoconsideration;attachadequateimportancetoeachfact2.Nodoubt,iftheycouldhavefoundthem,theywouldhaveconferredgreatbenefitsuponmankind,butasitwastheirliveswerewasted.Surely;broughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind;actually3.Todescendtolessheroicmatters,considerthecaseoftwomen,Mr.AandMr.B,whohateeachotherand,throughmutualhatred,bringeachothertodestruction.talkaboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant;destroyorruineachother4.Sightandsoundandtouchareboundupwithourownbodiesandcannotbeimpersonal.connectwith5.Graduallywiththeyears,hishorizonwidens,and,inproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates,heachievesgrowingwisdom.accordinglyⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.ThemainbeneficiariesoftheHopeProjectarepoverty-strickenchildrenlivinginremoteareas,(benefit)Traditionalherbalmedicineissaidtohavelessundesirablesaideffects.(desire)Thecoldwinddrovethesnowalmosthorizontallyatthesoldiersmarchinginthewilderness.(horizon)AmericanIndiansarenowproudtobethedescendantsofNorthAmerica`sfirstinhabitants.(descend)Thesouthernregionshaveincreasinglyreliedonforeigninvestment(increase)Thisphilosophicalessayisbeyondmydaughter`scapacity.(philosophy)Calmdown!Let`snotbeundulyworried.(due)Intesttheory,standardizationreferstomeasurementsorassessmentsconductedunderexactspecified,andrepeatablecondition.(standard)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.1.Paul`spickedupathroatinfectionthatprovesverydifficulttogetridof.sufferedfrom2.Hewouldnotstandbyandwatchherimpulsivelythrowherlifeaway.lookonunconcerned3.Thecommitteewassetupprimarilytoinquireintostandardsofpubliclife,investigate4.Thenursewillattendtoyourwoundsassoonasshe`sfree.treat5.WedecidedtoabandonfishingandheadforhomebeforeIfrozetodeath.go6.Imusthaveblackedout;thenextthingIrememberedwastwomenpullingmefromthecar.lostconsciousness7.Theserviceprovidedbythiscanteenisfarfrombeingsatisfactory,butweshalljusthavetoputupwithit.bear8.Thecommunitycommitteeofferedtheresidentsalectureonhowtodisposeofthehouseholdgarbageandtherecyclableresources.dealwithⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeinwisdom.大多數(shù)人或許都會(huì)同意,雖然我們所處的時(shí)代在知識(shí)積累方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)以往任何時(shí)代,但在智慧方面卻沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的增長(zhǎng).Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld.它產(chǎn)生了完全出人意料的后果,即在世界上人口最為稠密的地區(qū),食品供應(yīng)短缺,生活水平下降.Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingarenarrow.有些人知識(shí)淵博而情感狹隘,這絕不少見.Noonecanviewtheworldwithcompleteimpartiality;andifanyonecould,hewouldhardlybeabletoremainalive.沒(méi)有人能夠毫無(wú)偏見地看待世界,若有的話,他將難以活下去.Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.1.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了他們的預(yù)料（surpass）Theresultoftheexperimentfarsurpassedtheirexpectations.2.我們應(yīng)該充分考慮這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用和可能遇到的問(wèn)題（takeaccountof）Weshouldtakefullaccountofthecostoftheprojectandthedifficultieswemaymeet.3.好天氣是這次遠(yuǎn)征科學(xué)考察成功的原因之一（contributeto）Thefineweathercontributedtothesuccessofthescientificexpedition.4.巴西球員球星羅納爾多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球賽中射進(jìn)好幾個(gè)精彩的球（spectacular）Ronaldo,oneofthefootballstarsfromBrail,scoredseveralspectaculargoalsinthe2002WorldCup.5.羅伯特?弗羅斯特（RobertFrost）由于對(duì)詩(shī)歌的杰出貢獻(xiàn)被美國(guó)許多大學(xué)授予名譽(yù)學(xué)位（confer…upon）ManyhonorarydegreesfromdifferentcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericawereconferreduponRobertFrostforhisgreatcontributionstopoetry.6.擺脫壞習(xí)慣需要耐心和毅力（emancipationfrom…）Patienceandperseverancearerequiredinemancipationfrombadhabits.7.他們努力將這些新觀念灌輸?shù)綄W(xué)生的頭腦中去（instill）Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudents’minds.8.你對(duì)員工進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)應(yīng)該做到公正（impartiality）Youshouldshowimpartialityinyourassessmentoftheemployees.Unit11Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.Childrenenterschoolasquestionmarksandleaveasperiods.Whentheystartschool,childrenarecuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.Butafterseveralyearsschooleducation,theyendupgivinguptheabilityofcreatingandinvestigation.2.Being"advanced"hasitsownpitfalls—amongthencomplacencyandpushingorforcing.Learnersatahighlevelmaymeetmistakesduringtheprocessoflearning.Theymaybecomeself-satisfiedwiththemselvesormayputtoomuchpressureinordertoachievemore.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Itisnotknowinginthesenseofhavingarigidopinion,buttheabilitytolookagainatanothertime,inadifferentlight,asSzent-Gyorgyisuggests,andfromanewunderstandingbasedonthatobservation.consideragainatanothertimefromadifferentperspective.2.Withthisattitudewemayfindourselvestreatingeventhemostmundanediscoverywithwide-eyedwonderandjoywithgreatsurpriseandpleasure3.Successfulstudentsdonotexpecttobespoon-fed,buttaketheirowninitiative.beprovidedwithreadyanswersandideas.4.Whenwetrydifferentapproachesanddothingsthathavenoprecedenceinourexperience,wewillsurelymakemistakes.dothingsthatisunprecedented5.Dropyourpriorknowledge…[and]attempttograspthenewframeworkinitsowncontext.Don`tlettheknowledgeyouhaveacquiredbeahindrancetoyourlearningofsomethingnew.Ⅲ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.Hefailedtogivesubstantialreasonsforhisbeingabsentfromthemeeting.(substance)Drivenbyverystrongmotivation,henasbeenworkinghardatEnglish.(motivate）Hehasbeenfullycommittedtotheteachingandresearchofclassicalmusic.(commitment)Theclubplacesrigidrestrictionsonitsmembership.(restrictive)Thereisasubtledifferencebetween"egoism"and"individualism".(subtlety)Acuckoobird`svoiceissothrillinginwinter,asitannouncestheadventofspringtime.(thill)Hedislikeshiswifetalkingabouthersuccesscomplacently.(complacency)Theearly1990`switnesseda(n)unprecedentedtideofruralworkersfloodingintobigcitiesinChina.(precedence)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.1.NowthatI`vefinallyhandedinmythesis,Iplantotakeiteasyforawhile.presented2.Iwouldalsoneedtoseetothematterofcostumes.solve3.Themenweresoabsorbedintheirgamesthattheydidn`tseeusslipaway.attentiveto4.Thepomewasdedicatedtohismother.writteninhonorof5.Shehadtofaceuptothefactthatshewastoooldtoplaytheromanticlead.accept6.Wemustbecarefulnottogetboggeddowninthrillingdetails.involved7.Theloverswerecaughtupinthemoodoftheevening.addicted8.Afterdiscussingthebudgedeficit,theyenteredontheproblemofraisingtaxes.begantothinkaboutⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.Wemayevenhaveexpectationsthattheybeendlessrepositoriesofskillandknowledgefromwhichwemaypartakeatwill.我們甚至可能期望他們是技能與知識(shí)的寶庫(kù),取之不盡,我們可以隨意享用。Thefruitoftheseseeminglydryqualities(whichwepreferadmireinothers)isthesatisfactionofhavingtastedthefullnessofcompletion,orthethrillofmeetingadifficultchallengewithsuccess.這些看似枯燥的品質(zhì)(我們常常羨慕別人擁有它們),給我們帶來(lái)的是圓滿完成某事后的滿足感,或者接受一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)并且勝出后所感到的興奮。Beyondthewell-pavedroadsandsecurestructuresweusuallybuildforourselvesliedemons,unsurefooting—andunfeltpleasures.在鋪好的坦途和我們通常會(huì)為自己造好的堅(jiān)固建筑之外,有潛伏的讓我們擔(dān)心的事，不確定的事----以及我們從未感受過(guò)的快樂(lè)。Togodeepermaymeantobestill,toprogressmorepatiently,ortodevotemoretimetootherareasofourlivesasyetgreenandimmature.繼續(xù)深入可能意味著停滯不前，意味著更加耐心地向前走，或者意味著往我們?nèi)松衅渌胁怀墒斓念I(lǐng)域投入更多的時(shí)間。Ⅵ.TranslateChineseintoEnglish.1、他的父母對(duì)他有很高的期望，他感到壓力很大（feelweighted）Hefeltheavilyweightedwithsuchhighexpectationsfromhisparents.2、他用積極的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)解釋這件事（in…light）Heinterpretedtheincidentinafavorablelight.3、我很討厭他，因?yàn)樗貏e喜歡誹謗他人（gooutofone'sway）Idetesthim,forheoftengoesoutofhislightwaytobackbiteothers.4、許多宗教的教義敦促人們超越塵世的成功（mundane）Manyreligiousteachingsurgepeopletotranscendmundanesuccess.5、個(gè)人的主動(dòng)性是促進(jìn)事業(yè)發(fā)展的要素之一（initiative）Personalinitiativeisoneoftheessentialelementsinpromotingyourcareer.6、我認(rèn)為填鴨式教育不是好的教學(xué)方法（spoon-feed）Idon'tthinkitisagoodmethodofteachingtospoon-feedstudents.7、我將全力以赴在下個(gè)月之前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，因?yàn)槲也幌胗胁蛔袷刂Z言的污名（stigma）Iwillsparenoeffortstoaccomplishthetaskbytheendofnextmonth,forIdon'twanttosufferfromthestigmaofhavingbrokenmypromise.8、我得到了許多與教育新政策相關(guān)的信息（pertinent）I'vegotmuchinformationpertinenttothenewpolicyineducation.Unit14Ⅰ.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.ShesaidIwaswastingmytimetalkingtoher;shewasjustpassingthroughformorethantwoweeks.shetoldmethatIwasmistaken.Iwaswastingmytimetalkingtoher.Shewasnothomelesswhostayedatthebusstation,althoughshehadbeenthereformorethantwoweeks.2.Ilovemyhomewithaferocitytotallyoutofproportiontoitsappearanceorlocation.Althoughmyhomeisnotsodecentanditisnotlocatedinanadvantageousplace,Istillhavestronganddeeploveforit.3.Butsomeseentowantsomethingthatisnotavailableinshelters,andtheywillnotcompromise,notforacot,oroatmeal,orashowerwithspecialsoapthatkillsthebugs.Whatsomepeoplewantisabsentinshelter,sotheywon`tgiveuptheirdemandsjustforfacilitiesofferedthere.Ⅱ.Explaintheunderlinepartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1.Shewassomebody.personwithanidentity2.I`mnotsimplytalkaboutshelterfromtheelements,orthreesquaremealsadayoramailingaddresstowhichthewelfarepeoplecansendthecheck—althoughIknowthatalltheseareimportantforsurvival.badweather;threenourishingmeals3.Ilovemyhomewithaferocitytotallyoutofproportiontoitsappearanceorlocation.totallynotbecauseof4.ButinthemainIthinkweworkaroundit,justaswewalkarounditwhenitislyingonthesidewalkorsittinginthebusterminal—theproblem,thatis.generally,onthewhole5.SometimesIthinkwewouldbebetteroffifweforgotaboutthebroadstrokesandconcentratedonthedetails.thegeneralnotionⅢ.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofgivenwords.1.ThisAmericanauthorhaschosentoliveinrelativeanonymityonaPacificisland.(anonymous)2.Thestillnessofthenightwasbrokenbytheferociousbarkingofadog.(ferocity)3.Newinfectiousdiseases,suchasAIDSandherpes,haveunpredictablyappeared.(predictability)4.Idon`tthinkwecanaffordthecostofrepairingtheleakyroof.(leak)5.Aspoonfulofsugarhelpsthemedicinegodown.(spoon)6.Itwasdamnedunfairthatthevillagersshouldsuffersomuch.(damn)7.Hewasconvictionofcorruption,andwillbedisqualifiedfromofficeforsevenyears.(qualify)8.Thistrainwillterminateatthenextstop—passengerswhowishtocontinueshouldchangetrains.(terminal)Ⅳ.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.They`rethekindofparentswhoharpontheterribleexpensesofeverything.keepsaying2.Itrusthimtodotherightthingandwillbequitehappytofallinwithanythinghemightsuggest.acceptTheywerethesortofpeoplewhotwenty-fiveyearsagowouldhavebeendeferredtobecausetheyweregents.respected4.Theharshrealitiesofthebadolddayswereneveralludedto.mentioned5.Howevercoolandcontainedyouthinkyou`rebeing,thereisahostoflittletelltalegesturesandexpressionsthatgiveyouaway.disclose6.Increasingly,smokingisfrownedoninpublicbuildings.disapproved7.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged.bear8.Thenewlyindustrializednationsaregearingthemselvesupforentryintointernationalmarkets.gettingthemselvesreadyⅤ.TranslateEnglishtoChinese.I`mnotsimplytalkaboutshelterfromtheelements,orthreesquare