第十三章名詞性從句

第十三章名詞性從句一、考點(diǎn)解讀本章要求考生掌握名詞性從句的種類(lèi)及相對(duì)應(yīng)的引導(dǎo)詞的用法與區(qū)別。它是歷年高職高考?？嫉闹R(shí)之一。主要的考查形式有語(yǔ)法選擇題和完成句子,完形填空略有涉及。二、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)(一)名詞性從句的類(lèi)別名稱(chēng)定義例句主語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),表示執(zhí)行句子行為或動(dòng)作的主體。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinisuncertain.表語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)等,位于主句連系動(dòng)詞之后。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.MyopinionisthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.賓語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后。Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Idon’trememberwhereyoulive.同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.Hetoldmethenewsthatwewon.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】1.名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可用作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ),因此名詞性從句也可相應(yīng)地分為四種,其中賓語(yǔ)從句為考查重點(diǎn)。2.連詞在以下情況中不能省略:(1)位于介詞后面;(2)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。3.Whether與if均為“是否”的意思,但在下列情況中,whether不能被if取代:(1)whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首;(2)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句;(3)whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ);(4)從句后有“ornot”?！纠}詳析】(

)例1.Icouldn’thearwhattheyweresayingmostofthetime.請(qǐng)問(wèn)畫(huà)線部分屬于哪種名詞性從句?

A.主語(yǔ)從句 B.表語(yǔ)從句 C.賓語(yǔ)從句 D.同位語(yǔ)從句【答案】C【解析】what引導(dǎo)的從句位于動(dòng)詞hear之后充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),故該從句屬于賓語(yǔ)從句。句子大意為:大多時(shí)候我都聽(tīng)不到他們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么?！倦S堂精練】(

)1.

hewillwinisnotclear.

A.If B.Which C.Who D.Whether【答案】D

(二)主語(yǔ)從句位置常用句型例句在句中作主語(yǔ),與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)位置相同。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首,而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。It+be+名詞+that從句It’safactthatheisaniceperson.It+be+形容詞+that從句It’simportantthatwestudyharder.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itappearsthathewonthegame.Itseemsthathelikesitverymuch.It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that從句It’sbelievedthatshediedinthataccident.Itissaidthatheisascientist.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】1.主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。2.主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)+do”。【例題詳析】(

)例2.Itisimportant

studentsshouldlearnEnglishwell.

A.as B.which C.whether D.that【答案】D【解析】考查名詞性從句。本空格處應(yīng)是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,因該主語(yǔ)從句不缺成分,且句意完整,故應(yīng)用不作任何成分的連詞that?！倦S堂精練】(

)2.

iscertain

thedoctorshavetriedtheirbesttosavetheboy’slife.

A.It;that B.That;it C.Why;that D.It;what【答案】A

(三)表語(yǔ)從句位置與結(jié)構(gòu)注意事項(xiàng)例句表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ),它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。除了be動(dòng)詞以外,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel,remain等連系動(dòng)詞后也常加表語(yǔ)從句,尤其是以asif/though引導(dǎo)。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thisiswhatwearereading.ThetruthisthatIhaveneverbeentherebefore.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because或者why。例如Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainthismorning.(今天早上他遲到的原因是他錯(cuò)過(guò)了列車(chē)。)【例題詳析】(

)例3.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain

shewasandwaitforhermother.

A.where B.what C.how D.who【答案】A【解析】remain是系動(dòng)詞,后加表語(yǔ)從句,由句意可知,從句缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以選A?！倦S堂精練】(

)3.Itsounds

youarefromthesouthoftheStates.

A.asif B.what C.where D.why【答案】A

分類(lèi)詳述例句動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞Shedidn’tknowwhothemanwas.有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),如makesure(確保),makeout(弄清楚),keepinmind(牢記)等。Makesureyouturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheoffice.it作為形式賓語(yǔ)代替賓語(yǔ)從句。IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentoyourbirthdayparty.介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句一般情況下介詞后不能用that,if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,只能用連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)。WearetalkingaboutwhetherweshouldgotoHongkongtomorrow.系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)從句sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示感情的形容詞與be一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),其后的從句也常被視為賓語(yǔ)從句。I’mnotsurewhetherhelikesit.Iampleasedthatyouenjoythefood.Iamafraidthatyouarewrong.Iamsurethatyouwillbesuccessful.(四)賓語(yǔ)從句【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】1.在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語(yǔ)從句常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。

2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句,應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

3.注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)?！纠}詳析】(

)例4.Idon’tbelieve

theprofessorsaidatthemeetingjustnow.

A.which B.that C.what D.who【答案】C【解析】believe后為賓語(yǔ)從句,said是及物動(dòng)詞,需要賓語(yǔ),所以用what引導(dǎo)該從句?！倦S堂精練】(

)4.CouldIspeakto

isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?

A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever【答案】C

(五)同位語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)與位置注意事項(xiàng)例句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容是具有一定含義的抽象名詞。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo),可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice,fact,word,message,news,order,problem,request,promise,question,suggestion,truth,idea等。Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)】同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:that作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,充當(dāng)句子成分,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),起連詞的作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略?！纠}詳析】(

)例5.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request

theschoolshouldbuildanewlibrary.

A.that B.when C.which D.where【答案】A【解析】考查名詞性從句,根據(jù)題意可知,空格處是同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,修飾中心名詞request,且在句子中不充當(dāng)成分,故用that?！倦S堂精練】(

)5.Thestorygoes

thelostchildhasgoneabroad.

A.that B.which C.where D.asif【答案】A三、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)語(yǔ)法選擇(

)1.Anideasuddenlycametome

Imightusethepocketmoneytohelpothers.

A.if B.when C.that D.which【答案】C

【解析】本題考查名詞性從句中同位語(yǔ)從句的用法?！癐mightusethepocketmoneytohelpothers”作“Anidea”的同位語(yǔ)從句。(

)2.Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwas

wedidthismorning.

A.when B.which C.where D.what【答案】D

【解析】這里考查be動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)從句用法,表語(yǔ)從句中缺did的賓語(yǔ)。(

)3.Manypeoplewrotearticleson

LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent.

A.why B.what C.who D.that【答案】A

【解析】“

LiuXianghadfailedtocompeteintheevent”作介詞on的賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺主干,故排除B和C。另外that不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句,固定搭配除外,所以排除D。(

)4.Thecouplearespendingtheirholidayon

isdescribedaswonderland.

A.that B.what C.which D.where【答案】B

【解析】這里考查介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,“

isdescribedaswonderland.”從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。(

)5.Thebookismeantto

needsit.

A.who B.whoever C.whomever D.whom【答案】B

【解析】這里考查賓語(yǔ)從句,whoever在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。(

)6.Hepointsoutthatcreativityis

ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.

A.how B.what C.which D.that【答案】B

【解析】這里考查表語(yǔ)從句,“

ittakestokeepanationhighlycompetitive.作表語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少takes的賓語(yǔ),構(gòu)成ittakessth.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(

)7.

iscertainis

preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.

A.It;that B.What;that C.As;what D.What;what【答案】B

【解析】這里考查主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句,“

iscertain”在句中作主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句缺少一個(gè)主語(yǔ),需要用What?！?/p>

preventionismoreimportantthantreatment.是表語(yǔ)從句,句意與結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只有that可以這樣用。(

)8.Nobodywouldadmitthefact,forsomereason,

theylostthegame.

A.that B.which C.what D.why【答案】A

【解析】這里考查同位語(yǔ)從句,“

theylostthegame.”在句子中作thefact的同位語(yǔ)從句,從句意思結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

(

)9.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo

ittakestosaveherlife.

A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever【答案】C

【解析】這里考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為:她對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是非常寶貴的,我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好做一切來(lái)拯救她的生命。(

)10.Heaskedme

Iwasborn.

A.who B.whom C.when D.which【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句,句意為:他問(wèn)我什么時(shí)候出生。根據(jù)邏輯和連接詞的詞意進(jìn)行選擇。(

)11.—Isthereanypossibility

youcouldcleantheroom?

—Noproblem. A.when B.that C.whether D.what【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。此處是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句,表示“你有沒(méi)有可能打掃房間?”。所以選B項(xiàng)。

(

)12.

hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.

A.Whatever B.Nomatter C.That D.If【答案】A

【解析】這里考查主語(yǔ)從句,“

hedoes”作句子的主語(yǔ)。(

)13.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow

.

A.didthequarrelcomeabout B.thequarrelhadcomeabout C.hadthequarrelcomeabout D.hasthequarrelcomeabout【答案】B

【解析】這里考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序,用how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句,應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。(

)14.Energyis

makesthingswork.

A.what B.something C.anything D.that【答案】A

【解析】這里考查表語(yǔ)從句,be動(dòng)詞后由what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,句意:能源就是使物體工作的東西。(

)15.Thisis

theShenzhouⅤSpaceshiplanded.

A.there B.inwhich C.where D.when【答案】C

【解析】這里考查名詞性從句。句中where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。句意:這就是神舟五號(hào)太空飛船降落的地方。(二)完成句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成下列句子。16.Doyouthink

(我能在一周內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎)?

【答案】thatIcanfinishtheworkinaweek

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。17.Pleasetellme

(他發(fā)生了什么).

【答案】whathappenedtohim【解析】考查what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。18.Wearesurprised

(他的數(shù)學(xué)不及格).

【答案】thathefailedinmaths

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。19.

(誰(shuí)第一個(gè)登上月球)iscleartous.

【答案】Wholandedonthemoon

【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。20.Itisstrange

(他昨天沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議).

【答案】thathedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterday

【解析】考查it作形式主語(yǔ)。四、高考真題(

)1.

Iwillstaywithmymotherhasnotbeendecidedyet.(2015年真題)

A.What B.Which C.Who D.Whether【答案】D【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意和邏輯選擇whether。(

)2.I’mnotsatisfiedwith

youhavedone.(2014年真題)

A.that B.which C.how D.what【答案】D

【解析】考查what引導(dǎo)的句子作介詞的賓語(yǔ),what在這里表示你所做的事,句意為:我不滿意你的所作所為。(

)3.Thefact

thecontracthasbeensignedisofgreatimportance.(2014年真題)

A.which B.why C.where D.that【答案】D

【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句,that引導(dǎo)的句子作thefact的同位語(yǔ)對(duì)它進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。(

)4.

faultitisquiteclearnow.(2014年真題)

A.Whose B.Who C.Whom D.Where【答案】A

【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。此句問(wèn)的是誰(shuí)的錯(cuò)誤,表所屬,故應(yīng)用whos