商務(wù)英語函電語言特點(diǎn)及其在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的應(yīng)用

------------------------------------------------------------------------商務(wù)英語函電語言特點(diǎn)及其在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的應(yīng)用外貿(mào)英語函電的語言特點(diǎn)及其在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的應(yīng)用Linguisticfeatureofcorrespondenceforforeigntradeanditsapplicationininternationaltrade摘要:文章主要分為兩個(gè)部分論述，第一部分主要解釋外貿(mào)英語函電的意義并舉例說明它的其語言特點(diǎn)，突出其是一種具有極強(qiáng)特殊性及實(shí)用性的行業(yè)英語的性質(zhì)，接著闡述外貿(mào)英語函電的重要性，指出外貿(mào)英語函電已經(jīng)成為在對(duì)外貿(mào)易中不可或缺的重要組成部分；第二部分闡述外貿(mào)英函電在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的應(yīng)用，指明它是成本最低、最常見、也最有效的通訊手段之一，主要從4個(gè)方面展開討論，分別是可以搭建新的貿(mào)易關(guān)系、、可以快速高效傳遞信息和數(shù)據(jù)、可以作為責(zé)任劃分的依據(jù)、可以維持貿(mào)易雙方良好的合作關(guān)系。最后還提倡應(yīng)選擇性地使用外貿(mào)英語函電。Abstract:Thisarticleismainlydividedintotwopartfordiscussion,thefirstpartistalkingaboutthemeaningofforeigntradecorrespondenceanditslinguisticfeaturebyexamplesinwhichacharacteristicofprofessionalEnglishwithitsextremelystrongspecialtyandpracticalitywillbestoodout.Thiswillbefollowedbyadescriptionofimportanceofforeigntradecorrespondenceandpointoutithasbecomeaindispensablecomponentininternationaltrade;Thesecondpartonlyputsemphasisontheforeigntradecorrespondence’sapplicationininternationaltrade.itisoneofthemostcommon,themosteffectandthemostshortestcostmeansofcommunication.Thereare4pointssupportingthesecondpart:buildingnewtraderelationship;sendingorreceivinginformationanddocumentsinthefastandefficientway;becominganevidencetosplitresponsibility;helast,theauthorsuggestsselectivelyusingforeigntradecorrespondence.關(guān)鍵詞：外貿(mào)英語函電；國(guó)際貿(mào)易；電子郵件Keywords:foreigntradecorrespondence;internationaltrade;E-mail前言introduction隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化和高新技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的日益完善，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的活動(dòng)也越來越頻繁?，F(xiàn)如今，各國(guó)進(jìn)出口企業(yè)除了通過見面或打電話，工作越來越多地通過外貿(mào)信函來完成。這就要求我們掌握外貿(mào)英語函電的特點(diǎn)和寫作技能，充分發(fā)揮他們?cè)趪?guó)際商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的效用。另一方面，外貿(mào)英語函電特別是電子郵件以其價(jià)格低廉、使用方便、傳遞及時(shí)、功能多樣等優(yōu)勢(shì)使得國(guó)際貿(mào)易的開展更加多元化、高效化、自由化。不僅如此，正確地使用外貿(mào)英語函電還可以提升可信度、增進(jìn)貿(mào)易關(guān)系、影響他人，進(jìn)而為企業(yè)贏得更多的貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自身的價(jià)值。為了適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)的發(fā)展和用人單位對(duì)從業(yè)人員的要求，我們不僅要懂得外貿(mào)英語函電的語言特點(diǎn)，更重要的是要準(zhǔn)確熟練地加以運(yùn)用。Inthebackgroundofeconomicglobalization，therapiddevelopmentofhightechnologyandincreasinglyimprovementofworldeconomicsystem,China’sforeigntradeactivitiesaremorefrequentthanever.Today,atrendofusingcorrespondenceismorepopularinglobalimportingorexportingenterprisesotherthanmeetingorcalling.Thereforewearerequestedtograspthecharacteristicandwritingskillofforeigntradecorrespondencetogainthefullbenefitsofusingthemintheinternationaltrade.Intheotherhand,foreigntradecorrespondence,especiallyEmail,havetheiradvantagesoflow-cost,convenience,timelytransmittingandmultifunctionwhichmadetheestablishmentofforeigntrademoremultipluralefficientandfree.Moreover,correctlyusingofcorrespondencecancatchmoretradeopportunityandrealizeoneselfvaluethroughitseffectsofupgradingcredibility,promotingbusinessrelationshipandinfluencingsurroundings.Ithastobecleartheimportanceofaccuratelyusingcorrespondenceaswellasunderstandingitsfeature,thatisexactlytherequestofemployersunderthenewinternationalbusinessenvironment.外貿(mào)英語函電的語言特點(diǎn)Linguisticfeaturesofforeigntradecorrespondence1.1外貿(mào)函電過去指的是國(guó)際貿(mào)易中往來的商業(yè)書信和電報(bào)、電傳。隨著科技的發(fā)展，特別是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展，電報(bào)已經(jīng)成為歷史，電傳也已經(jīng)很難尋覓蹤跡。替而代之的是今天的傳真和電子郵件外貿(mào)函電。所以今天的的外貿(mào)英語函電是指在商務(wù)環(huán)境下不同文化背景的貿(mào)易雙方通過信函、傳真和電子郵件進(jìn)行書面交流的行為。而函電中所使用的英語是一種帶有濃重商務(wù)色彩的、應(yīng)用性很強(qiáng)的行業(yè)英語。外貿(mào)函電Foreignbusinesscorrespondencewasreferredtocommercialletters,telegramortelexwhichextensivelyusedinthepastinternationaltrade.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,especiallyintheconsiderablefieldofinternet,telegramhavebecometheoldhistory,telexarealsobarelyusedandsubsequentlyfaxandemailstooktheirpositiontoday.Sonowadaysforeigntradecorrespondencecanbeseenasatoolofwrittencommunicationbylettes,faxesandemailsthattradepartieswiththedifferentculturalbackgroundadoptedinthebusinessenvironment.What’smore,foreigncorrespondenceEnglishistheprofessionalEnglishofdeepbusinesscolourandapplicability.1.2外貿(mào)英語函電作為商務(wù)英語的使用功能變體之一，不僅繼承了商務(wù)英語所具有的一切特點(diǎn)，而且也因著其特殊的用途存在自身獨(dú)有的語言特點(diǎn)。ForeignbusinesscorrespondencenotonlycopiesallofcharacteristicofbusinessEnglishbutalsoexistsitsownlanguagefeatureaccordingtoitsspecialusesbecauseofbeingoneofapplicableandfunctionalvariantofbusinessEnglish.1.2.1外貿(mào)函電實(shí)際上就是商務(wù)英語的寫作。在撰寫商務(wù)信函的時(shí)候，都應(yīng)遵循“5C”原則，即意義明晰（clarity）、用詞簡(jiǎn)潔（conciseness）、禮貌周到（courtesy）、信息完整（completeness）、語言正確（correctness）。新編商務(wù)英語寫作2宏觀上來說任何一封出色的商務(wù)信函都會(huì)具備以上5個(gè)特點(diǎn)。舉例說明如下：新編商務(wù)英語寫作2ForeigntradecorrespondenceactuallycanbedeemedasforeignbusinessEnglishwriting.Itiscalled“5C”rules——clarity，conciseness，courtesy，completenessandcorrectnessthatwritingaforeignbusinesslettershouldcomply.Sayfrommacroscopicthateveryexcellentforeignbusinessletterwillhavethese5characteristic.Forexamples:ABRenderGiveFinalizeFinishDemonstrateShow意義明晰（clarity）——撰寫信函時(shí)，鑒于收信人的英文水平各不相同，為了避免造成收件人的誤解，我們就要使用常見且通俗易懂的詞語。上述B組的用詞比A組用詞更容易使讀者理解。寫信人使用清晰的表達(dá)和簡(jiǎn)單易懂的詞匯是使他人明白自己意思的明智做法。Clarity——weneedtousecommonandeasytounderstandwordstoavoidtherecipient’smisunderstandingwhilecreatingacorrespondenceinviewofeachrecipient’sEnglishlevelarenotidentical.Astheabove-mentioned,groupB’swordsaremoreunderstandablethangroupA’s.Soitiswisetousesimpleexpressionandoralwordstobewellunderstoodbyothers.ABAtthistimeNowCometoadecisionDecideForthepurposeFor用詞簡(jiǎn)潔（conciseness）——以上示例中B組的表達(dá)顯然比A組的表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)短。通過這種簡(jiǎn)潔的交流方式可以直接減少寫信人和收信人的時(shí)間和成本，所以在外貿(mào)函電中應(yīng)盡量避免使用復(fù)雜難懂的商業(yè)術(shù)語。Consciseness——ItisnothardtofindgroupB’sexpressionareapparentlymoresimpleandshorterthangroupA’s.Adoptingconcisecommunicationformcoulddirectlysavetimeandcostofsendersandreceivers,Usingcomplicatedcommercialtermswillneverbecomethefirstchoicewhenwritingaforeigntradecorrespondence.ABWecannotdeliver...Iamafraidwecannotdeliver...Yououghttohaveaccepted...Itseemstousthatyououghtto...禮貌周到（courtesy）——外貿(mào)英語函電經(jīng)常會(huì)有類似于B組的句式表達(dá).在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中買賣雙方難免會(huì)有產(chǎn)生分歧或者無法滿足對(duì)方要求的情況，也或者是向?qū)Ψ教岢瞿撤N意見，在這種情況下，如果使用A組句式會(huì)讓對(duì)方感到被命令或者被強(qiáng)迫，而B組的句式相對(duì)婉轉(zhuǎn)和禮貌，更能表達(dá)發(fā)件人的愿望，誠(chéng)意或者是歉意。Courtesy——ItalwayshadbeenemergingofsentenceexpressionlikegroupBinforeigntradecorrespondence.Disagreementwilloccasionallycomeoutbetweentraders,oronepartyisunabletomeettherequirementoftheotherparty,oronewillmakesuggestionstotheotheronewhichthosescenesarenotraretoseeintheinternationaltrade.If,underthesecircumstances,usinggroupB’ssentencepattern,itwillmakereceiversfeelbeingorderedorcompelled.Onthecontrary,usingmildandindirectsentencelikegroupBcantoalargeextentconveysender’shope,sincereorapology.信息完整（completeness）主要體現(xiàn)在答復(fù)的內(nèi)容上.在編輯函電時(shí)應(yīng)盡可能一一回答發(fā)件人的所有問題及針對(duì)貿(mào)易中可能出現(xiàn)的各種狀況給出提示等。Completeness——thischaracteristicwillbereflectedinthecontainingofresponse.Ithasto,ifpossible,includeeveryanswerquestionedbysendersandgiveinstructionsaboutpredictablesituationsorelsewhilecreatingaforeigntradecorrespondence.ABThisproductisabsolutelyThisproductisthebestoneThebestonthemarketwecanoffer語言正確（correctness）——外貿(mào)函電中語言正確不僅是指語法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確，拼寫及書寫內(nèi)容的正確,同時(shí)還應(yīng)注意語言使用的是否得當(dāng)，上述示例中B組的語句準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了賣方提供了最優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品給買方，而A組的表達(dá)稍顯浮夸。B組的句子增加了賣方的可信度。Correctness——Linguisticallycorrectinforeigntradecorrespondencenotonlyreferstousegrammarandstructurerightly,butalsooptimumlanguageusingshouldbetakenintoconsiderableaccount.ComparedwithgroupA’ssentencewithtoomuchexaggeration,groupB’ssentencepreciselytellthesellerhaveofferedtheirgoodswiththemosthighestqualitytotheirbuyer.ObviouslygroupBhelpedtoaddcredibilityofseller.1.2.2外貿(mào)英語函電的語言特點(diǎn)除了宏觀上體現(xiàn)在”5C”原則之外，微觀上Linguisticfeatureofforeigntradecorrespondencealsocanbeexplainedonmicroscopiclevelbeyondthe“5Crules”onmacroscopicaspect.A、稱呼語、結(jié)束語及句法表達(dá)的固定。DearMrHomes,Howareyoudoing.DearMissWatson,Wishyouaniceday.當(dāng)我們看到以這種形式開頭的稱呼語時(shí)，大多數(shù)人都會(huì)不自覺地認(rèn)為這是一封信函。無疑我們的感覺是正確的。為什么人們會(huì)有這種感覺呢？原因是我們都知道這是英文信函的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。亦如，結(jié)束語中yoursrespectfully/yourssincerely/KindRegards等，還有正文中的固定表達(dá)，如theattachedplsfind…..,Welookforwardtoreceivingyourreplysoon,ThisistoconfirmyourE-maildated….國(guó)際商務(wù)函電像這種表達(dá)在外貿(mào)英文函電中是屢見不鮮的，都是向?qū)Ψ奖硎咀鹬氐牧?xí)慣用法。鑒于外貿(mào)函電是公文性質(zhì)的信函，一方面慣用句式是在長(zhǎng)久的國(guó)際貿(mào)易交流中衍生出來的，另一方面使用慣用句式有利于讀者更準(zhǔn)確的理解句意。相反，在日常會(huì)話中一般是不會(huì)使用到這些表達(dá)法的。國(guó)際商務(wù)函電Inertiaofsalutation,endingandsentence.“DearMrHomes,Howareyoudoing.DearMissWatson,Wishyouaniceday”Mostofpeoplewillunconsciouslyfeelwhattheyareseeingisaletterwhenthesesentencesreflectintheireyes,anditisundoubtedlyright.Butwhydopeoplefeelthisway?Theanswerisweallknowthoseare“nailhousehold”incorrespondencesuchas“yoursrespectfully/yourssincerely/KindRegards”intheendsandconstantsentencesas“theattachedplsfind…..,Welookforwardtoreceivingyourreplysoon,ThisistoconfirmyourE-maildated….國(guó)際商務(wù)函電”inthebody.Theabove-mentionedfixedusagesarevastlyfoodinginforeigntradecorrespondenceandmoreimportantisbyinertialusageofsalutation,endingandsentencecanfullyexpressrespect.Giventhatforeigntradecorrespondenceisofficialletter,sotheinertialusagehavebeenformedinthelonghistoryofinternationalbusiness’communication,ontheotherhand,byusingfixedsentencepatterncanfacilitatecorrectlyunderstanding.However,wegenerallywillnotusetheseexpressionindailyconversation.國(guó)際商務(wù)函電B、外貿(mào)英文函電高頻詞匯的出現(xiàn)。函電的內(nèi)容決定詞匯出現(xiàn)頻率的高低。外貿(mào)英文函電在具有極強(qiáng)專業(yè)性質(zhì)的同時(shí)也揭露了自身語言使用的局限性。外貿(mào)函電是在商務(wù)背景下與客戶溝通的，函電內(nèi)容總是離不開詢價(jià)，報(bào)盤，訂貨，簽約，包裝，裝運(yùn)，保險(xiǎn)等話題，因此與這些話題有關(guān)的詞匯便經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在往來的函電中，并會(huì)一直成為雙方交流的話題。而這也正是外貿(mào)英文函電與日常書信的不同之處。Emergenceofhigh-frequentwordsinforeigntradecorrespondenceThecontentsofcorrespondencedecidetheusingfrequencyofvocabulary.Ithastopointoutthatforeigntradecorrespondencegotitslinguisticconstrainoflanguageuseaswellashavestrongnatureofprofession.Foreigntradecorrespondenceusuallycommunicateswithcustomersunderthebackgroundofbusiness,asaresult,correspondencecontentisalwaysinseparablefromthetopicofinquiry,quotation,ordering,contract,pack,shipping,insurance,etc.Thereforewordsrelatedtothesetopicsusuallywillbeusuallyusedinthelettersandbethetopicbetweentraders’communication.Thatisexactlythedifferencefromdailyletters.C、縮寫詞的大量使用。高效、快捷、便利已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代人追求的生活方式，在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的商業(yè)場(chǎng)上表現(xiàn)更為明顯。隨著時(shí)代的變遷，國(guó)際貿(mào)易呈現(xiàn)出一片繁榮的景象。商業(yè)英語的語言也不停地隨之消失與更新。就好像電子郵件中大量涌現(xiàn)的縮寫詞已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代外貿(mào)英語的代表之一?？s寫詞一般是由幾個(gè)大寫字母組成，也有大寫字母與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)共同組成的情況。例如：ABASAPassoonaspossiblePIproformainvoiceO/CorderconfirmationC.CcarboncopyP.S.postscript這些縮寫詞經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在往來的電子郵件中，比起函電內(nèi)容，似乎縮寫詞更能吸引收件人的眼球?？s寫詞的新穎與充滿個(gè)性的形式不但減少撰寫函電的時(shí)間，還能贏得讀者的信任感，同時(shí)，也給電子郵件的內(nèi)容增添了幾分活力，也容易使收件人對(duì)你郵件中所發(fā)出的信息印象深刻。隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展，人類對(duì)個(gè)性化的追求，相信更多的縮寫詞會(huì)相繼出現(xiàn)。作為一名專業(yè)的外貿(mào)從業(yè)人員，如果不懂縮寫詞的使用，又怎么跟得上時(shí)代的步伐呢？PlentyuseofabbreviationsEfficient,fast,convenienthavebecomeanewlifestylepursuedbymodernpeoplewhichhavebeensurelyandtotallyagreedinthefiercelycompetitivefieldofbusiness.Withtheseyearspast,internationaltradehavepresentedaboomingsigns.Asaconsequenceofthat,businessEnglishlanguageformedaconstantlycircleofdisappearanceandupdatejustastheabbreviationslargelypouredintoEmailshavebecomeoneofmodernforeignbusinessEnglishrepresentatives.Abbreviationsaregenerallycomposedofseveralcapitallettersorsometimescomposedofcapitalsandpunctuation.Suchasbelow:ABASAPassoonaspossiblePIproformainvoiceO/CorderconfirmationC.CcarboncopyP.S.postscriptTheseabbreviationsareoftenusedinEmailsanditseemslikethereceiver’seyesareveryattractedbyabbreviationscomparingwiththecontent.Abbreviationwithitsnoveltyandabsolutepersonalitynotonlycansavetimeofmakingcorrespondencebutalsocangainmoretrustfromreceivers.Meanwhile,itaddsEmailsomevitalityandhelpleaveingadeepimpressionofinformationtoothers.Withsociety’sprogressanddevelopmentandintermsofhumanpursuetopersonality,moreabbreviationwillconsequentlycomeout.SohereaquestionishowwecankeepourpacewiththeAgeasaforeignbusinessprofessionalsifwedon’tknowtheusageofabbreviation.盡管我們不具備100%出色的表達(dá)能力，但是通過對(duì)外貿(mào)英語函電特點(diǎn)的了解并結(jié)合實(shí)際情況是可以彌補(bǔ)表達(dá)能力上的不足。如今，撰寫外貿(mào)函電是一種最常見的商務(wù)活動(dòng)，它可以幫助我們達(dá)到商業(yè)目的，也可以讓我們知道函電作為交流工具的重要性。只有認(rèn)真研究它的語言特點(diǎn)才能最大化的發(fā)揮它的作用。Eventhoughwedon’thave100percentexcellentabilityofexpression,itcanbemadeupbyunderstandingthefeatureofforeigntradecorrespondenceandconnectingwiththepracticalsituation.Nowadays,writetheforeigntradecorrespondenceisthemostcommonbusinessactivity,itcanhelpustoreachbusinessgoalsandalsocanletusknowtheimportanceofusingcorrespondenceasatoolofcommunication.Onlygettoknowthecorrespondence’slanguagenaturecanwemaximizeitseffect.二、外貿(mào)英文函電在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的應(yīng)用Foreigntradecorrespondence’sapplicationintheinternationaltrade2.1國(guó)際貿(mào)易不同于我國(guó)內(nèi)部企業(yè)之間的合作，企業(yè)之間不可能總是面對(duì)面的進(jìn)行交流，畢竟成本和時(shí)間是決定經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)的最關(guān)鍵因素之一。而傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易通訊方式的繁瑣，必然會(huì)阻礙各國(guó)之間貿(mào)易的發(fā)展及貿(mào)易全球化進(jìn)程的速度。外貿(mào)英語函電的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它克服了時(shí)間和空間的限制，簡(jiǎn)化了貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中的繁雜程序，節(jié)約了交易成本費(fèi)用，提高了交易的速度，保障了交易的安全進(jìn)行，有效的避免了數(shù)據(jù)的丟失和毀壞。現(xiàn)代外貿(mào)英語函電的迅速發(fā)展，成為企業(yè)進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的有效手段，在節(jié)約貿(mào)易雙方交易成本的同時(shí)，還可以達(dá)到宣傳企業(yè)的目的。外貿(mào)英文函電也正是因著其自身的種種優(yōu)勢(shì)受到了國(guó)際社會(huì)的普遍認(rèn)可。Internationaltradeisdifferentfromthecooperationbetweendomesticenterprises.Becauseitisnotpossibletocommunicatefacetofaceforsavingcostandtimewhichisoneofthemostcrucialfactorsofcontrollingeconomicprofitbetweeninternationaltraders。Furthermore,ifusingtraditionalmeansofcommunication,itwillinevitablyblockthecommercialdevelopmentbetweencountriesandtheprogressofeconomicglobalizationbecauseofitscomplicatedprocedure.Theadvantagesofforeigntradecorrespondenceareeliminatingthelimitoftimeandspace,simplifyingthecomplexproceduresintheinternationaltrade,savingcost,boostingthespeedoftransaction,ensuringthesecurityoftrading,avoidingthedatalossanddamage,etc.Inviewoftherapidlydevelopmentofforeigntradecorrespondence,ithasbeenusedasaneffectivetoolofenteringintointernationalmarket.Apartfromsavingtraders’cost,itcanachievingtheaimofpublicizingcooperatesaswell.Foreigntradecorrespondencewasextensivelyrecognisedbyinternationalcommunitybecauseofitsownadvantages.A可以搭建新的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。Settingupnewtraderelations隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等通信技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，外貿(mào)函電已成為買賣雙方建立對(duì)外貿(mào)易關(guān)系和外貿(mào)往來的重要手段。國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)與國(guó)外客戶建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系一般都是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索；請(qǐng)國(guó)外銀行介紹客戶；請(qǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易促進(jìn)機(jī)構(gòu)或商會(huì)介紹關(guān)系如貿(mào)促會(huì)；通過國(guó)內(nèi)外展會(huì)交易建立關(guān)系；請(qǐng)我駐外使館商務(wù)處或外國(guó)駐華使館介紹對(duì)象；利用國(guó)內(nèi)外專業(yè)咨詢公司介紹客戶（外貿(mào)英語函電賈和平，黃梨，趙曙亞，經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)出版社24頁(yè)）等渠道外貿(mào)英語函電，而中介機(jī)構(gòu)不會(huì)無償永久地為買賣雙方搭建貿(mào)易關(guān)系，因此在得知對(duì)方大概情況后，貿(mào)易方為了表達(dá)貿(mào)易意圖就要尋找一個(gè)合適的方式與對(duì)方聯(lián)系。函電以快捷，成本低的特點(diǎn)成為了貿(mào)易方的首選?？梢哉f一封充滿尊敬和謙虛及布局精良的外貿(mào)函電比電話更能夠引起對(duì)方的注意。而且，函電是將要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容撰寫完整之后再發(fā)送給對(duì)方，所以一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)遺漏要呈現(xiàn)的信息的情況，既不會(huì)給收件人造成不便，也不會(huì)使發(fā)函人遭到被當(dāng)場(chǎng)拒絕的尷尬。另外函電卻可以做到24小時(shí)的全天候不間斷的服務(wù)，對(duì)于任何客戶在任何地方、任何時(shí)間的回復(fù)及問題都可以及時(shí)給出答復(fù)，更有利于推進(jìn)雙方貿(mào)易關(guān)系的建立。外貿(mào)英語函電Withtherapiddevelopmentoftelecommunicationtechnologyespeciallyinternettech,Foreigntradecorrespondencehavebecometheimportantmeansofbuildingrelationsandhandlingdealsbetweeninternationaltraders.Domesticcompanieswillusuallyfindforeigncustomersbysourcessuchaswebsearchingsystem,askinghelpfromforeignbanks,askingassistancefromdomestictradepromotionagenciesorChamberofcommercesuchasCCPIT,attendingexhibitionsheldbyhomeorforeigncountries,askinghelpfromourembassiescommercialserviceorforeignembassies,payingdomesticorforeignprofessionalconsultingcompanies,etc.However,theseintermediaryagencieswillnotoffertheirservicespermanentlywithoutfees.Sotraders,whowanttobuildbusinessconnectionwithforeigncompanies,willhavetofindappropriatecontactsaftergettingtheinformationofforeigncompanies.Mostoftraders’firstchoicewillbecorrespondencebecauseitisfastandeconomic.Maybewecansayacorrespondencewithfullrespectorhumilityandwell-constructedlayoutcouldbemoreprobabletoattracttheattentionoftheothers.Atthesametime,acorrespondenceisusuallyfullypreparedandsenttoreceivers,sothereisgenerallynosituationsofomittinginformationtobepresentedornoinconveniencetoreceiversornoembarrassingforbeingquicklyrejectedeither.Inaddition,Correspondencecouldprovideliveinformation24hoursaday,whichispossibletotimelyreplytocustomersanywhereoranytime,forpromotingnewtraderelations’establishment.B可以快速高效傳遞信息和數(shù)據(jù)。Fastandefficientlytransmitinformationanddata國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易與國(guó)際貿(mào)易的主要區(qū)別之一便是單據(jù)的使用。發(fā)出的每一票貨都必須有正確的單據(jù)，如合同、商業(yè)發(fā)票、裝箱單、提單、保險(xiǎn)單、產(chǎn)地證等。如果單據(jù)不正確，進(jìn)口商將在提貨的時(shí)候遇到困難，就算是微小的差距也可能導(dǎo)致銀行拒絕付款，根據(jù)商品性質(zhì)及各國(guó)具體規(guī)定不同，不同的交易需要不同的單據(jù)。為了不影響貿(mào)易伙伴之間今后的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，單據(jù)的及時(shí)傳遞尤為重要。國(guó)際商務(wù)英語184與郵遞、電報(bào)等傳遞方式相比，電子郵件不僅破除了時(shí)空的壁壘，又節(jié)約了通訊成本，最重要的是只需要短短幾分鐘就可將數(shù)據(jù)傳給對(duì)方。即使是傳遞信息有誤，也可以做到及時(shí)的糾正，將損失減到最低?，F(xiàn)如今，電子郵件在國(guó)際貿(mào)易雙方之間、跨國(guó)公司與子公司之間、政府機(jī)構(gòu)與公司之間、企業(yè)員工之間已經(jīng)成了交換信息數(shù)據(jù)的最普遍的、具有最高效能的媒介。21世紀(jì)人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的加快使得國(guó)際貿(mào)易的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)愈演愈烈，對(duì)市場(chǎng)信息實(shí)時(shí)的掌控握成了企業(yè)發(fā)展的致命因素。如果說外貿(mào)函電是因?yàn)橛狭司謩?shì)的發(fā)展才被世界所認(rèn)可，反之，它也成了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力。國(guó)際商務(wù)英語184Oneofthemaindistinctionbetweendomestictradeandinternationaltradeistheuseofdocuments.Eachshipmentdispatchedshouldbeequippedwithcorrectdocumentssuchascontract,commercialinvoice,packinglist,billoflading,insurancepolicy,certificateoforigin,etc.Ifwithoutrightdocuments,importersmayhavedifficultiesintakingdeliveryofthegoods,evenslightlydifferencecouldcausebanktorefusetopay.Also,duetothedifferencesexistedinproductsandeverycountries’regualation,differentdocumentsshouldbeaccordinglypreparedfordifferentdeals.Inordernottoaffectthefuturetraderelationsbetweenpartners,itisespeciallyimportanttosenddocumentstimelyandrightly.Comparedwithpostortelegraph,Emailgotitsmeritsofbreakingthebarrierofspaceandsavingthecostofcommunication,anditcouldtransmitinfoordatatootherswithinjustafewminutes.Evenifwronginformationhavebeensent,emailscancorrectpromptlytominimizethelossofcompany.NowE-mailhavebecomethemostcommonandeffectivemediumofinfoanddata’sexchangebetweeninternationaltradepartners,transnationalcorporationandsubsidiary,theadministrativeandcompanyandthesamecompany’semployees.Inthe21stcentury,humaneventuallysteppedintotheageof“bigdata”,astheaccelerationofglobaleconomicintegrationincurredanunprecedentedlycompeteintheinternationalbusiness,thereal-timecontroltomarketinfohavebecomethecrucialfactorincompany’sdevelopment.Iffoeigntradecorrespondencewereacceptedbytheworldforcateringtothedevelopmentofthesituation,italsobecamethedrivingforcetopromotetherapiddevelopmentofuniversaleconomyinreturn.C可以作為責(zé)任劃分的依據(jù)。Tosplitresponsibility由于進(jìn)出口雙方受到時(shí)間和空間的限制，實(shí)際上大部分的訂單都是通過外貿(mào)函電完成的，電子郵件能夠準(zhǔn)確記載雙方從最初的詢盤到最后確認(rèn)收貨的一切交易細(xì)節(jié)和互相發(fā)送的各種文件，就猶如一本詳細(xì)的記事本一樣，當(dāng)發(fā)生糾紛或誤解時(shí)，外貿(mào)函電的這一優(yōu)勢(shì)有利于幫助確定責(zé)任人。尤其在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，買方收到貨以后并不代表交易的結(jié)束，經(jīng)常發(fā)生投訴和索賠事件，原因是多種多樣的，有賣方的原因，如質(zhì)量有瑕疵、交貨脫期、包裝不當(dāng)、違反合約、甚至發(fā)錯(cuò)貨等；也有客戶方面的原因，如貨物處理不當(dāng)，選錯(cuò)了型號(hào)等；也有第三方的原因，如運(yùn)輸過程中發(fā)生野蠻裝卸、貨物遭偷盜等。外貿(mào)函電175賣方在收到投訴或索賠之后就會(huì)立即展開調(diào)查，而最具公信力、最詳細(xì)的就屬雙方往來的電子郵件及信函，電子郵件或信函記載著具體的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，買賣雙方、貨運(yùn)代理等相關(guān)方的給出的指示等信息，不難找出問題所在并追究責(zé)任人。一般情況下，只要索賠合理，賣方都會(huì)同意賠償。并且有的時(shí)候即使自己沒有過錯(cuò)也有可能給賣方補(bǔ)償損失以便拉住客戶。因此外貿(mào)函電有助于減少貿(mào)易糾紛、索賠申訴等而推動(dòng)商貿(mào)活動(dòng)的順利開展。相反，一旦發(fā)生責(zé)任人不愿承擔(dān)賠償或無法賠償需要訴諸法律的時(shí)候，外貿(mào)函電還可以成為證據(jù)，保障受害人的權(quán)益。外貿(mào)函電175Asamatteroffactmostofinternationalordersareaccomplishedbyforeigntradecorrespondencebecauseofjetlag.Soallofrecordoftradedetailsandexchangeddocumentsfromthebeginningofbuyer’sinquirytofinallyreceptionofthegoodscanbeaccuratelytookdowninemails,justlikeaspecificnotebookwhichcouldbeveryhelpfultodeterminetheresponsibilitywhendisputesormisunderstandinghappened.Especiallyintheinternationaltrade,itdoesn’tmeandeals’closingafterthebuyerconfirmthereceptionofthegoods,butoftenfollowedbycomplaintsorclaim.Therearemanyreasonswhichcanincurcomplaintsandclaimincludingthefaultofsellersuchasdefectiveproblem,shipmentdelay,unsuitablepack,breachofcontractorsentwronggoods,orfaultofbuyersuchashandlegoodsimproperlyorchoosewrongmodel,orfaultofthirdpartysuchasroughlyloadorunloadgoodsorsufferpilferage.Sellerwilllaunchaninvestigationinaveryshorttimeaftergettingbuyer’scomplaintsorclaim.Itisnothardtofindoutproblemsandtheresponsiblepersonbycheckingemailsandlettersasthemostcredibleanddetailedevidencewhichrecordedtheinfoofspecificdate,placeandinstructionfromtradersandfreightagency.Ingeneral,sellerwillalwaysagreetocompensatethereasonablelossofbuyer.Sometimesforholdingtraderelations,evenifthereisnofaultofselleritself,buyerstillcangetacompensation.Foreigntradecorrespondencenotonlycanhelpavoidingcomplaintsandclaimsandwellpromotecommercialactivities,butalsocanbeaprooftoprotectvictim’slegalinterestsonceithastoresorttolawbecuasetheresponsibleisnotwillingtobearcompensationorhasnoabilitytocompensate.D可以于維持貿(mào)易雙方良好的合作關(guān)系Maintaingoodrelationshipbetweentradeparties妥善的完成交易是對(duì)雙方友誼、積極合作和相互誠(chéng)信最好的回報(bào)，相反，一旦有了雙方友誼、積極合作和相互誠(chéng)信就會(huì)促使另一個(gè)美好交易的開始。良好的客戶關(guān)系會(huì)與業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成一個(gè)良性的循環(huán)，要使這個(gè)循環(huán)持續(xù)下去，我們就必須團(tuán)結(jié)周圍一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的力量，大多不需要做太多的努力，一封感謝信就可以幫助我們解決。新編商務(wù)英語寫作2unit8,157在緊張的國(guó)際交易中，買賣雙方都做出最大努力完成交易，而在這個(gè)時(shí)候，沒有什么能比一封簡(jiǎn)短、真誠(chéng)、發(fā)自內(nèi)心的感謝信更能使對(duì)方感到貼心的了。感謝信不僅是向?qū)Ψ奖磉_(dá)謝意，同時(shí)也是一種像對(duì)方表示肯定的行為。同感謝信一樣，致歉信具有最大限度減少消極因素影響的作用，由于商務(wù)活動(dòng)中往往需要處理各種困難的或突發(fā)的情況，如投訴，裝運(yùn)延遲等，這時(shí)，一封及時(shí)地、帶有清楚合理解釋的致歉信是緩解保護(hù)雙方關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵因素。新編商務(wù)英語寫作2unit8,160所以說為了維持雙方合作的良性循環(huán)，精心制作的感謝信和誠(chéng)懇動(dòng)人的致歉信都是不可或缺的手段。除了感謝信和致歉函，邀請(qǐng)函、慶祝函、征詢意見函等也可以促進(jìn)雙方的合作關(guān)系。新編商務(wù)英語寫作2unit8,157新編商務(wù)英語寫作2unit8,160Smoothlycompleteadealisthebestrewardtobothsides’friendship,positivecollaborationandmutualtrust.Inreturn,itwillgenerateanothergooddealoncethefriendship,positivecollaborationandmutualtrustwereestablished.Goodrelationshipwithourclientsandbusinessspreadingwillconstituteavirtuouscircle.Wehavetounitewithallforcesthatwecaninordertokeepthecirclemovingon,mostoftime,itwon’tneedtoomucheffort,athank-younotecouldbeahelp.Bothsides’intheintenseinternationaltradehavedonetheirbesteffortsforpromotingdeals.Atthistime,Nothingcanmakepartnersfeelcomfortablethanabrief,sincereandheartythanksletter.Meanwhile,thanksletterscouldbeatoolofexpressingrecognitiontopartneraswellasexpressingone’sowngratefulfeelings.Justlikethankyounote,theeffectofapologyletteristofullyminimizetheaffectioncausedbynegativeaspectssuchascomplaintsandshipmentdelay.soatimelyapologyletterwithclearexplanationisthekeyfactorinrelievingandprotectingtwosides’relationshipwhendifficultiesoremergencieshappenedinbusinessactivities.Anelaboratedthank-younoteandasincereapologyletteraretheindispensablemeanstomaintainthegoodcooperatedcirclebetweeneachothers.Unlessthethank-younoteandapologyletter,theletterofinvitationandcelebration,orconsultinglettercanhelptopromotetraders’collaboratedrelationshipaswell.1.3在研究外貿(mào)英語函電給貿(mào)易雙方帶來的方便的同時(shí)，也要注意外貿(mào)英語存在著自身的局限性。外貿(mào)英語函電作為商務(wù)英語的功能變體之一，它在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的應(yīng)用還包括磋商、正本文件的傳遞、國(guó)際電子商務(wù)的運(yùn)營(yíng)、種技術(shù)的視頻展示等方面。商務(wù)英語函電的出現(xiàn)是現(xiàn)代通訊技術(shù)與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果，并且在對(duì)外貿(mào)易中已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)重要的組成部分，在提高企業(yè)效率、降低成本、促進(jìn)集約化經(jīng)營(yíng)等方面的作用舉足輕重。但盡管外貿(mào)英語函電用途如此之多，我們也不能夠盲目地、一味地使用外貿(mào)函電，畢竟，外貿(mào)函電僅限于書面表達(dá)。首先，當(dāng)跨國(guó)公司或合資企業(yè)面臨重大決定的時(shí)候，或者遇到大的資金項(xiàng)目，又或者當(dāng)涉及到一些商業(yè)機(jī)密的時(shí)候，作為企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人或是高層管理人員就需要聚集在一起就某項(xiàng)提議或決定共同商討；其次，要想維持雙方關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定持續(xù)發(fā)展，單靠外貿(mào)函電溝通是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，相處才能建立誠(chéng)信并加深彼此的友誼,這并不只適用于人與人之間，同樣，企業(yè)之間也可以通過互相拜訪加深友誼并促進(jìn)合作關(guān)系。Foreigntradecorrespondence’slimitationshouldbenoticedaswellwhileenjoyingtheconveniencebroughtbyit.AsoneoffunctionalvariantsofbusinessEnglish,itsapplicationintheinternationaltradealsoincludenegotiation,transmittingoforiginaldocuments,operationofE-commerceandthevideodisplayoftechnology.Foreigntradecorrespondencewasbornoutofmoderntechnologyoftelecommunicationandrapiddevelopmentofglobaleconomy,whichhavemadeitbeanimportant