《新編實用英漢翻譯教程》第七章 英漢翻譯中的習(xí)語翻譯

新編實用英漢翻譯教程CompanyLogo第九章商務(wù)翻譯Contents第一章翻譯基本知識與理論概述第二章英、漢之間的對比第三章英漢翻譯中的技巧與方法第四章英漢翻譯中的特殊句型翻譯第五章英漢翻譯中的從句翻譯第六章英漢翻譯中的長句翻譯第七章英漢翻譯中的習(xí)語翻譯第八章英漢翻譯中的廣告與商標(biāo)翻譯第十章論文摘要的翻譯第十一章中國飲食翻譯CompanyLogo

Unit7

TranslationofIdiomsCompanyLogo

appreciatebasicmethodsoftranslatingIdiom

knowtheculturalConnotationandAssociationofIdiomsUnderstandthefeatureofIdiomsidentifytheimageconversionoftheidiomimagesFocusLearning

Unit7CompanyLogoUnit7TranslationofIdioms

ConceptandFeatureofIdioms

CultureandIdioms

CulturalConnotationandAssociationofIdiom

ConversionoftheImages

TranslationandApplicationofidiomsCompanyLogo

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsDefinitionofIdiomFeaturesofIdiom

SectionIConceptandFeatureofIdiomsCompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomIdiomreferstoconciseandmeaningfulphrasesorshortsentencesthathavebeeninlongpublicusage.

——IntheContemporaryChineseDictionary

現(xiàn)代漢語詞典CompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomAnidiomisagroupofwordswhich,whenusedtogether,hasadifferentmeaningfromtheonewhichtheindividualwordshave.Forexample:

HowdoyouknowthatSidandNancyhaveseparated?

你怎么知道席德和南希分手了？

Ihearditonthegrapevine.

我是從小道消息聽到的。CompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomOneofthebestwaystolearnanidiomisbylookingatthecontextinwhichitisused.Forexample:

WearegoingtohaveasurprisepartyforTomtomorrow.It‘sasecretsoplease

don’tletthecatoutofthebag.

明天，我們要給湯姆舉辦一個驚喜聚會。這是一個秘密，因此請不要泄露秘密。CompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomThenarrowexplanationofanidiomisequaltoChinese“成語”.Infact,theEnglishidiomcancoverbroadersenserenderedintoChinese“習(xí)語”evenincludingproverbs,allusions,customaryusages,slangandChineseallegoricalsayingsetc.CompanyLogo

FeaturesofIdiomSemanticUnity(語義協(xié)調(diào))

Sinceanidiomhasestablishedusage,inanylanguage,themeaningofidiomscannotbederivedfromthemeaningsoftheindividualwordsalone.Anidiomisusuallyacompletesemanticunity.fishintheair空氣中的魚水中撈月CompanyLogo

FeaturesofIdiom

FixedStructure(固定結(jié)構(gòu))

Asasetphrase,anidiomalwayshasitsownfixedstructure;itselementscannotbechangeable.likecureslikelikecurelike推心置腹推心又置腹CompanyLogo

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsDifferentCultureCommonSourceofIdiomsSectionIICultureandIdiomsCompanyLogoIdiomsmayprovidepeoplewithinterestingglimpsesorcluesongeography,history,socialorganization,custom,socialviewandattitudeandsoon.Aroundgrainrain,growmelonsandpeas.Whenmelonisripe,itbreaksfromthestem----fullmaturity.谷雨前后，種瓜點豆。瓜田不納履。瓜熟蒂落。Don’tbendtotieshoesonamelonpatch---toavoidsuspicion.

DifferentCultureCompanyLogo

AsChinesepeoplebelongtoafarmingculture,Therearemanyidiomsaboutagriculturalproductionandfarmers.Similarly,AsEnglandisanislandcountry,therearemanyidiomscomingfromitsmaritimeculture.Forexample:Allatsea水中撈月。無主意，不知所措。Fishintheair

DifferentCultureCompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsBothEnglishandChineseidiomsinvolveeventsorcharactersfromthetreasurehouseoftheirliterature,legendsandmythology,religionandsportsetc.CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsFromliterature

appleofdiscord

不和之源，紛爭之禍根《荷馬史詩》SimonLegree

殘暴之人

《湯姆叔叔小屋》adoginthemanger占著茅坑不拉屎《伊索寓言》Opensesame

開門咒、敲門磚《天方夜談》throwdustinone’seyes欺騙、蒙蔽某人

伊斯蘭《古蘭經(jīng)》fightwithwindmills

以幻影為敵,跟風(fēng)車開仗《堂吉珂德》

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CommonSourceofIdiomsInChinese,wehavemanyidiomsinvolvingfromliterature,forexample:

殺雞焉用牛刀Whyuseapoleaxestokillachicken?《論語》

多行不義必自斃

PersistinginEvilbringsself-destruction

《左傳》

請君入甕

Pleasegetintothevat

《資治通鑒》

萬事俱備，只欠東風(fēng)

Allthatisneededisaneastwind.

《三國演義》CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdioms

Fromlegendsandmythology

Achillesheel(唯一致命的弱點)------Achilles,oneoftheGreekheroesintheIliad《伊利亞特》anotherepicofHomer.

aPandora’sbox(潘朵拉盒子--災(zāi)難，禍害的根源)------apresentorsomethingwhichmayseemvaluable,butwhichbringstroubleandmisfortune.CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsAnumberofChineseidiomsalsooriginatedfromfablesorlegendsandmythology,Forexample:

精衛(wèi)填海--------Jingweifillsupthesea,whichdescribesanindomitablewilltoachieveone’sgoalregardlessofalldifficulties.

葉公好龍------LordYeLovesdragonssatirizingthosewhoprofesstolikeorsupportsomething,butareaversetoitinactualpractice.CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsFromreligion

臨時報佛腳--embraceBuddha’sfeetinone’shourofneed(seekhelpatthelastmoment/makeafranticlast-minuteeffort.)

放下屠刀，立地成佛--dropone’scleaverandbecomeaBuddha(achievesalvationassoonasonegivesupevil.)CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsFromsports

Baseball(棒球)tonotgettofirstbase(沒有取得初步成就)-------tofailearlyorattheverybeginningofanattempt;(原指棒球擊球手沒有跑到第一壘，轉(zhuǎn)義為一開始或很快就失敗。)CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsAmericanfootball（橄欖球）tocarrytheball(負(fù)主要責(zé)任)—tohavethemainresponsibilityforgettingacertaintaskorjobdone（原指橄欖球運動員執(zhí)球，轉(zhuǎn)義為對完成某項任務(wù)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。）CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsBoxing（拳擊）tobedownandout(被困難壓倒，完全失敗)——inahopelesssituationaftertrying.（原指在拳擊運動中被擊倒而不能繼續(xù)比賽，轉(zhuǎn)義為,雖經(jīng)過努力掙扎，但已處于絕境地而徹底垮臺。）

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CommonSourceofIdiomsChinesechess（中國象棋）馬后炮——cannonbehindthehorse——belatedactionoradvice/belatedeffort.舍馬車，保將帥——giveupachariottosavethemarshal——makeminorsacrificetosafeguardmajorinterests.CompanyLogo

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsCulturalConnotations

CulturalSimilaritiesandDifferences

SectionIIICulturalConnotationandAssociationofIdiomCompanyLogoCulturalConnotations

BothEnglishandChinesehavealotofsayingsusinganimalnamestorefertocertaintypesofpeople.

HewentaboutthejoblikeabullinaChinashop.

他干活就像公牛進(jìn)了瓷器店一樣那么莽撞。

She’slikearose─fresh,delicate,beautiful.

她像一朵玫瑰花，鮮艷、嬌嫩、美麗。

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.

我象一朵浮云獨自漫游。

CompanyLogoCulturalSimilaritiesandDifferencesCulturalSimilarities

Wefindanumberofculturaluniversalsintherespectiveidiomswhichhavesimilarimageswiththesameassociations.Forexample：

Hastemakeswaste.

欲速則不達(dá)Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實CompanyLogoCulturalSimilaritiesandDifferencesCulturalDifferencesSimilarassociationwithdifferentimages

astimidasarabbit膽小如鼠cryupwineandsellvinegar

掛羊頭賣狗肉acatonhotbricks熱鍋上的螞蟻CompanyLogoCulturalSimilaritiesandDifferencesCulturalDifferencesSameimagewithdifferentassociationflogawillinghorse

鞭打快牛flogadeadhorse徒勞無益、白費力氣fitasafiddle

身體狀況好，神采奕奕playsecondfiddle做配角，居次位CompanyLogoAmplificationofImage

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsReappearanceofImage

ConversionofImage

SectionIVConversionoftheImagesOmissionofImage

CompanyLogoReappearanceofImageAlltheriversranintothesea,yetseaisnotfull.百川歸海，而海不盈。Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.

以其人之道還治其人之身。Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下沒有不散的筵席。CompanyLogoConversionofImageAmongtheblindtheone-eyedisking.盲人國里獨眼為王?！街袩o老虎，猴子稱霸王Letanother’sshipwreckbeyourseamark.別人的沉船是你的航標(biāo)。→前車之覆，后車之鑒goforwoolandcomebackshorn→偷雞不成蝕把米

CompanyLogoAmplificationofImageEverybirdlikesitsownnest.鳥愛其巢，人愛其家。Whohasnevertastedbitter,neverknowswhatissweet.不嘗黃連苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滾石不生苔，轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)不聚財。CompanyLogoOmissionofImageThedeceasedoldmandidnotleaveawillandthedistributionofhispropertywasaGordianknot.故世的老人沒有留下遺囑，他的財產(chǎn)分配是一個大難題。

“Gordianknot”isanallusionmeaning“難解的死結(jié)”.Itishardtofindtheequivalentofitsimage.Hereconvertitinto“大難題”andomittheoriginalimage.

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Unit7TranslationofIdiomsMethodsofIdiomTranslation

ApplicationofIdioms

SectionVTranslationandApplicationofIdioms

CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationLiteraltranslation(keeptheoriginalimage)sourgrapes酸葡萄packedlikesardines沙丁魚Judaskiss猶大之吻thefifthcolumn第五縱隊CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationFreetranslation(keeptheoriginalmeaning)

cat’spaw被人利用narrowescape九死一生buryone’sheadinthesand回避政策askeletonatthefeast令人掃興的東西CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationSimilarTranslation

topraisetotheskies捧上天tolaughoffone’shead笑掉大牙toshedcrocodiletears貓哭老鼠atsixesandsevens亂七八糟CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationLiteralandFreetranslation

不到黃河不死心。Untilallisover，ambitionneverdiesfigurativemeaningliteralmeaning三九的蘿卜---------凍了心（動了心）。Amid-winterturnip(hethirdperiodofninedaysafterthewintersolstice)--theheartisfrozen(metaphor)affectedinheart.

CompanyLogoApplicationofIdiomsNon-useofidiominoriginalconvertedintoanidiomEveryone’slifeshouldhaveroomforsuchloves.每個人的生活都應(yīng)該為這些愛留下一席之地。Theproblemsofthehumanenvironmentare,tosomeofus,anoldstory.人類環(huán)境問題對我們之中某些人來說是老生常談。

CompanyLogoApplicationofIdiomsIdiominoriginalconvertedintoanidiominthetarget

Theywiselykepttheirowncounselanddidnotexpresstheiropiniontooloudly.

他們明哲保身，決不大聲發(fā)表議論。Iamnottalkingaboutcastlesintheair,thedonkey’scarrot.

我說的并不是空中樓閣——叫大家望梅止渴。CompanyLogoApplicationofIdioms

Idiominoriginalwithanon-useofidiominthetarget

IsimplytoldStephenthattheonlywaytodobusinesswithMr.Billmeyerwastobeardthelioninhisden.

我只是告訴斯蒂芬，和比爾莫耶先生們打交道的唯一方法是和他面對面斗爭。CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

Sameidiomwithmorethanonetranslationreapwhatonehassown

自食其果,自作自受咎由自取,玩火自焚作繭自縛,惹火燒身謀事在人,成事在天

Manproposes,Goddisposes.Manproposes,Heavendisposes.(佛教)CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

CharactersandnamesunchangeableTocarrycoalstoNewCastle.運煤到紐卡斯?fàn)柸ァ啻艘慌e。

“紐卡斯?fàn)枴笔怯漠a(chǎn)煤中心，正如漢語有背著瓷器上“浮梁”之說,因為“浮梁”是中國古時產(chǎn)瓷器的地方。CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

Avoidderivingthemeaningfromtheindividualwordsalone

pullone’sleg

wrong:拉后腿right:愚弄某人，開某人的玩笑

moveheavenandearth

wrong:翻天覆地right:想方設(shè)法，千方百計child’splay

wrong:兒戲right:簡單的東西，容易的事情CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

CommendatoryandderogatoryTolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen(negativemeaning)

≠亡羊補牢(positivemeaning)改譯：馬已被盜，再關(guān)馬廄門無益了。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether(positive)

≠一丘之貉(negative)

改譯：物以類聚，人以群分CompanyLogo

Appreciatethefollowingtranslation!例1

Thereismoreintheirlifethanpoliticalandsocialandeconomicproblems,morethantransienteverydayness.在他們的生活中除了政治?社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題以外還有其他問題,不只是暫時的每日常規(guī)生活問題?

原譯

他們的生活遠(yuǎn)不止是政治問題?社會問題和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,也遠(yuǎn)不止是一時的柴米油鹽問題?

改譯everydayness譯成“每日常規(guī)生活問題”對于中國讀者來說,意思依然不是很明確,是指學(xué)習(xí)?工作還是娛樂?改譯較熟練地處理了這個問題,將其譯為“柴米油鹽問題”,可謂通俗易懂?簡潔明了,完全符合原文的語言風(fēng)格?譯文評析例2

Don’toverlooksponsors.Manygroupslookingforexposureperformwithoutchargebutothersrequireafee.

千萬不要忽視贊助人?很多追求曝光的演出隊并不收取演出費,但有些演出隊是要收費的?

原譯

千萬不要忽視贊助人?很多演出隊只為爭取拋頭露面的機會,故不收取演出費,但有些演出隊是要收費的?

改譯“追求曝光的演出隊”這種譯法對于中國讀者來說,似乎不是廣為接受的表達(dá)方式,且意思也不夠明確,所以,應(yīng)改譯成“只為爭取拋頭露面的機會”,不僅表達(dá)清晰,而且避免了譯成前置定語?翻譯中,如將修飾語譯成前置定語,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)譯文生澀的感覺,通常需要將原來的修飾語放在被修飾語的后面翻譯?此句中后置譯法很好地保留了原語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡感?譯文評析例3

Forexample,testsdon’tcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.例如,測試不能彌補整個社會的不平等現(xiàn)象,因此也不能說明如在更合適的情況下,待遇低下的年輕人怎樣才能成長?

原譯例如,測試并不能彌補社會總體不公平現(xiàn)象;因此,它們不能說明一個生活條件不好的年輕人,假如其成長的環(huán)境更加優(yōu)越一些的話,其才能將可能多么的非凡?

改譯譯文評析譯文評析返回原譯在理解上出現(xiàn)偏差,grosssocialinequality中的gross修飾的并不是social,而是inequality,因而導(dǎo)致譯文的錯誤,修飾語在句子中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系必須弄清,否則再流暢的譯文也失去意義?另外,改譯將anunderprivilegedyoungster譯成“生活條件不好的年輕人”,很好地將抽象概念化成了具體的概念?例4AgreatnumberofgraduatestudentsweredrivenintotheintellectualslumwhenintheUnitedStatestheintellectualpoorbecametheclassicpoorundertheromanticguiseoftheBeatGeneration,arealphenomenoninthelatefifties.在美國的知識分子打著“垮掉的一代”這一浪漫招牌成為高級窮人的時候,一些大學(xué)畢業(yè)生被趕進(jìn)了知識分子貧民窟,這是五十年代后期在美國出現(xiàn)的真正現(xiàn)象?

原譯

五十年代后期的美國出現(xiàn)了一個任何人都不可能視而不見的現(xiàn)象:窮知識分子以“垮掉的一代”這種頗為浪漫的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)而成為美國典型的窮人?正是這個時候大批大學(xué)畢業(yè)生被趕入“知識分子貧民窟”之列?

改譯譯文評析譯文評析返回

arealphenomenon在原語中是一個明顯的強勢表達(dá),如按字面意義翻譯為“真正現(xiàn)象”,其承載的潛在信息不僅沒有得到充分表現(xiàn),反而遭到嚴(yán)重削弱?改譯非常得體,照顧表層意思