新視野大學(xué)英語5形成性練習(xí)(7單元形成性練習(xí))

Unit7

TRF-B5-A7NTFFTFTTFT

Direction:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverapassagequicklyandthenreadten

statementsfollowingit.

Forstatements1-10,write

T(forTrue)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

F(forFalse)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNotGiven)ifthestatementisnotgiveninthepassage.

IfthevigorousactionagainstRobertTappanMorris(羅伯特?莫里斯，莫里斯病毒的制造者)

isanyindication,theJusticeDepartment(美國司法部)wouldhavethenationbelievethatthe

24-year-oldgraduatestudent,recentlyconvictedofwritingacomputerprogramthatdisrupteda

nationalnetworkinNovember1988,representscomputercrimeatitsmostvicious.Oneofthe

government'sattorneyscomparedMorris1behaviortothatofaterrorist.

YettheMorrisincidenthaslittletodowiththerealproblemofcomputercrime.Certainlyit

exposedadangertothenation'scomputers.Morris*programbroughtthousandstoahalt,andscientists

workingonprojectsrangingfrommedicalresearchtomolecularmodelinglostvaluableresearchtime.

Buttheshy,blond-hairedyoungMorrishadnointentionofdoingdamage.Heendedupjammingthe

Internet,aloosecollectionofdozensofcomputernetworksthroughoutthenation,becausehis

innocentexperiment—aprogramdesignedtosoakslowlyintothenetworktoseehowmany

computersitcouldreach-hadgonewrong.Evenso,theexperimentdestroyednodata.And

althoughsomeoftheInternet'scomputersareusedbytheGovernment,nonecontainssecret

information.

Itisnot“outsiders“suchasMorris—whethertheyhavedestructivemotivesornot—whodo

thegreatestdamage,but“insiders”.Althoughnumbersarehardtocomeby,computersecurityexperts

estimatethat90percentofcomputercrimesoccurfromwithinacompany,andthathigh-techtheft

accountsfora$3billionto$5billionannuallosstocorporateAmerica.Foryearsbankshaveknown

ofthedangerofwidespreadelectronicrecordkeeping.In1981,well-placedemployeesatonebank

tookadvantageofabuilt-indelayinelectronictransactionrecordsandmadeoffwithmorethan$21

million.Amorerecentcaseinvolvedaringofdata-entryclerksatamajorretailcompanywhostole

$33millionfromtheircompanybyalteringelectronicinformation.Thefederalgovernmentconcluded

ina1986reportthat“themoresignificantsecurityproblemisabuseofinfomationsystemsbythose

authorizedtousethem,ratherthanattacksfromthosetryingtopenetratethesystemsfromoutside”.

Butfearingbadpublicity,fewcompaniesreportinsidecrimes.SotheJusticeDepartmentwentafter

whoitcould—ahighlyvisibleandeasytarget.

EventhepeoplemostconvincedofMorris*guilthadthefeelingtheywerewatchingthewrong

trial.Butaftertwoweeksofhearingstatementsfrom14governmentwitnesses,threedefense

witnesses,andMorrishimself,onJanuary22ajuryofninewomenandthreemenfoundMorrisguilty

ofthecrimehehadbeenchargedwith.Hiswasthefirstjuryconvictionunderasectionofthe1986

ComputerFraudandAbuseAct(《電腦詐騙和濫用法案》)thatmakesitacrimeto"intentionally

accessanationalcomputernetworkwithoutpermission^^andbydoingsotopreventtheauthorizeduse

ofacomputerandcausealossofatleast$1,000.TheMorrisfamilyhasyettosaywhetheritwill

appeal.ButMorris'attorneysaidthelawwastoovague,whichcouldprovidegroundsfbranappeal.

What,forinstance,does"accesswithoutpermission^^reallymean?Asagraduatestudentspecializing

incomputerscience,Morriswasanauthorizeduseroncomputershereandthereinthenetwork,even

iftheyconstitutedafractionofallthecomputershisprogramaffected.

Morris'offensewastoreleaseintotheInternetwhat'sbeencalledbotha“virus"and"worm”

program.Theelectronicversionofanorganicvirus,acomputervirusisasecretprogramthatattaches

itselftoanotherprogramandmovesfromcomputertocomputer,<<infecting,?eachoneasitspreads.

Morris1programwasmorelikeaworm;hiscleverprogramdidn'tneedtouseanotherprograminorder

tospread.

Morris'offensewastoreleaseintotheInternetwhat'sbeencalledbotha“virus"and“worm”

program.Theelectronicversionofanorganicvirus,acomputervirusisasecretprogramthatattaches

itselftoanotherprogramandmovesfromcomputertocomputer,“infecting”eachoneasitspreads.

Morris*programwasmorelikeaworm;hiscleverprogramdidn'tneedtouseanotherprograminorder

tospread.

Morristoldthejurythathediddeliberatelywriteandsendouttheprogram,butthathemeant

forittoplantitselfgraduallyinsidethecomputers,goingunnoticedformonths.Instead,acriticalerror

onMorris*partcausedtheprogramtoreproducerapidly.Withinhoursofitsrelease,thewormhad

crashedsome2,500to6,000computers.Fromthestart,theGovernmentarguedthatitneededtoprove

onlythatMorrisintendedtobreakintothecomputersandnotthatheintendedtocausedamage.But

Morris*lawyerinsistedthatthesectionofthelawinquestionismeantforthosewhointendtocause

damage.

Whydidn'ttheGovernmentchoosetomakesuchahighlypubliccaseoutofamoreobvious

computercriminal?TherewasKevinMitnick（凱文?米特尼克，著名的電腦黑客），forinstance,a

youngmaninLosAngelesfarmoredangerousthanMorrisandtrulyfocusedonbreakinginto

computers.In1988Mitnickstolevaluablesoftwarefromamajorcorporation.Thoughchargedunder

thesamelaw,hereceivedonlyaone-yearsentence.ItseemsthatRobertMorriswaschosenbecause

hiscasewassoeasytowin:hiswormleftmanyangrycomputermanagersinitswake.The

Governmentwasnotdisappointed.TheMorriscasecapturedthemostpublicityofallcomputercrime

cases,andbroughtoutthenation'scollectiveanxietyaboutcomputerhackers.

ThequestionnowiswhetherMorriswillgotoprison,andifhedoes,whethertheGovernment

hassucceededindemonstratingthatnoone,notevenagiftedstudentconductinganexperiment,can

expecttogetawaywithit.Sentencingwon'ttakeplaceuntilthejudgehearsadditionalargumentsin

lateFebruary.Morrisprobablyfaces18to24monthsinprison.Hismaximumpenaltywouldbefive

yearsanda$250,000fine.

AlthoughsomecomputerscientistsandindustrygroupspraisetheMorrisconviction,othersare

wonderingwhetheritreallyrepresentsjustice.64A11ofasuddencomputercriminalsarehighschool

studentswithphonelines.Thecomputerindustryknowsit'snottrueandtheGovernmentknowsit's

nottrue,“saidoneattorneyspecializingincomputercrime."IftheGovernmentthinksit'ssendinga

messagetocriminals,it'sbeendeliveredtothewrongaddress/9Insteadofsendingagraduatestudent

toprison,theGovernmentshouldconsiderputtingpressureoncompaniestoprosecutethereal

criminals.

Statements：

1.Morethan60%AmericanpeoplebelievethatMorriscaseisthemostviciouscomputercrime.

2.Accordingtosomecomputersecurityexperts,ninetypercentrealcomputercrimesoccurfrom

withinacompany.

3.Morrishadnointentionofdoingdamage,buthisexperimenthadgonewronganddestroyedsome

secretinformationusedbytheGovernment.

4.Hackersfromoutsideofthecompanypresentamoreseriousthreattotheirsecuritysystem.

5.Acomputervirusneedstouseanotherprograminordertospreadfromcomputertocomputer.

6.TheGovernmentchoseMorristomakesuchahighlypubliccasebecausetheMorriscasewasfar

moredangerousthanothercases.

7.Possibly,Morrisfaces18to60months*imprisonmentplusa$250,000fine.

8.SomepeoplethinkthatseverepunishmentforhackerslikeMorriscannotpreventmorepeoplefrom

engagingincomputercrime.

9.Accordingtothepassage,Morrisdidrepresentcomputercrimeatitsmostvicious.

10.Theapproachofexemplificationwasusedinthispassage.

TWB-B5-7

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordformsofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

1.Thepoliceexplainedthatthethiefmusthavethealarmsysteminthehouse,(able)

2.Allthefactorsthatcanincreasetheshouldbetakenintoconsideration.(produce)

3.Atmidnight,somethingthecaralarm,thenoiseofwhichawokeher.(active)

4.ThepresidentwarnedthattheCongressshouldnotleaptoanydecision,(haste)

5.andcorrectweatherforecastsarecrucialforfarmersinthatarea,(time)

6.Thepolicerefusedtoanydetailsaboutthecase,sayingthattheywerestillcollecting

usefulclues,(close)

7.Theofhumanrightstoanyindividualisagainsttheconstitutions.(deny)

8.Itwasnotmytoletyoutakeupalltheresponsibility,(intend)

9.Forreasonsofpersonalsafety,onekeywitnesswishestoremain.(anonym)

10.Whenareyougoingtoyouranti-virussoftware?Thepresentversionisoutdated,(grade)

Key

disabled

productivity

activated

hasty

Timely

disclose

denial

intent

anonymous

upgrade

TVB-B5-A7

Directions:Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

1.Solvingproblemsinteacher'shousing,salariesandotherbenefitscanasameansto

stabilizetheranksofteachersandinspireteacherstobecomemoreactiveintheirwork.

A)useB)employC)serveD)apply

2.In,manyChinesecollegestudentsdonothaveaclearideaofthelinkbetweentheirstudy

andtheirfuturecareer.

A)existenceB)essenceC)esteemD)example

3.Itisbelievedthattheinheritancetaxcanfunctionasananticorruptionmeasure,butitseffectisstill

A)atdoubtB)indetailC)indoubtD)ondetail

4.HepatitisB(乙型肝炎)isahighlyinfectiousdisease,andthosewhohavenotbeenvaccinated

againsthepatitisBaretoit.

A)vulnerableB)vulgarC)voluntaryD)volunteer

5.ChinaDaily,anEnglishnewspaperwithmanycolumns,hasalargeintheMainlandof

China.

A)circleB)runC)mobilityD)circulation

6.Videomonitoringthedailyactivitiesofstudentsinschoolmayresultoversteppinginto

students'privatelives.

A)inB)offC)atD)from

7.Thecoursecoversawideofforeignlanguagelearningactivitiesfromviewing,listeningand

speakingtoreading,writingandtranslating.

A)spectrumB)speculateC)spectacleD)expanse

8.Becauseoftheheavyfog,severalcars,vansandtruckscrashedintoeachother,whichhad

completelythetrafficontheexpresshighwayfbreighthours.

A)dismissedB)disruptedC)disconnectedD)dispelled

9.effortsshouldbemadetoreducematernalandinfantmortalityinpoverty-strickenareas.

A)CorporateB)CorruptC)CooperateD)Corpulent

10.Expertsareworriedthatthedevelopmentoftourisminthisnationalnaturereservewillits

ecologicalenvironment.

A)dangerB)treatC)jeopardizeD)baffle

11.AsChinamovestofulfillitsWTOcommitments,toughlawswillbetocrackdown

intellectualpropertyrightviolations.

A)associatedB)deducedC)speculatedD)formulated

12.ThedeanofstudiesisbusygettingallthearrangementsinfortheEnglishSpeaking

ContestnextSaturday.

A)siteB)placeC)sceneD)spot

13.Badhabits,suchashackingandspittingonthegroundinpublicplacesandallowingone'spet

excretewasteuponthelawnorsidewalks,willone'simage.

A)deductB)conductC)defuseD)increase

14.Recenthighprofileair-crashesabroadandincidentsinChinahavedeterredpeoplefromflying,

andthelossesfortheairlinescanbemeasuredinmillionsofdollars.

A)consideredB)concreteC)constantD)connect

15.Themankidnappedthesix-year-oldgirlofhisformerboss,anddemandedaransomof

$1,000,000forthereleaseofthegirl.

A)viciousB)vigilantC)vividD)vital

16.Manyoldpeoplearenostalgic(懷I口的)andwanttorelivetheiryouth;theyseemtobeon

havingtheirtimeagain.

A)intendB)willingC)intentD)fond

17.Itisreportedthatthenumberofcomputersinfectedwiththiswormhasamountedto

30,000.

A)intensiveB)collectiveC)negativeD)cumulative

18.Afirewallisabarnerthatcanhelptothepropertyinyourcomputerfromdestructive

forces.

A)guideB)insulateC)insultedD)insure

19.Intheviewofsomeexperts,Easternculturalmayspreadworldwide,butitistoreplace

Westernculturetodominatehumansociety.

A)incapableB)unlikelyC)unableD)disable

20.ManyexpecttheglobaleconomytobeenoughtoshakeoffAmericanweakness.

A)robustB)robotC)roastD)vicious

Key1-5:CBCAD6-10:AABAC11-15:DBABA16-20:CDBBA

21.Aswithmanyofflinecrimes,lawenforcementalonecannotsolvethenetworkintruder

problem.

A)roastB)robotC)robustD)vicious

22.Somepeoplethatraisingtheretirementagewillresultinsurpluslaborandothersocial

problems.

A)resumeB)consumeC)pursueD)presume

23.Digitalpublishingisaflourishingindustry,quicklydevelopingallovertheworld.However,itis

farfulfillingitspotential.

A)forB)offC)awayD)from

24.Weshouldnotnutritionalimbalanceresultedfrompeoplegettingtoomuchornotenough

ofthenourishmentthatabodyneedstostayhealthy.

A)byroadB)bywayC)bypathD)bypass

25.Healthprofessionalsshouldfromsmokingandinformpeopleoftheharmfuleffectsof

smokingandhelpthemquitsmoking.

A)avoidB)restrainC)refrainD)shun

26.Exploringouterspaceisahumanactivity,butundernoshouldwebringhumandemerits

totheuniverse.

A)environmentsB)circumstancesC)surroundingsD)distances

27.Manypeoplearebythefactthatquiteafewuniversitygraduateshavedifficultiesin

findingsuitablejobswhileChinabadlyneedstalentedpeopleforitseconomicdevelopment.

A)baffledB)bufferedC)burdenedD)battered

28.Accordingtothecurrentregulationsondepositing,nooneisallowedtoopena(n)savings

account.

A)emptyB)fixedC)anonymousD)vain

29.Whenshoppingonline,youshouldmakesurethatthepersonalinformationyouenteronthe

websiteiskept.

A)confidentialB)confidentC)confidantD)confidence

30.Intheoftheresidentialdistrict,thereisaprivatekindergarten,whichhasgonebilingual.

A)vicinityB)brinkC)edgeD)way

31.TheteachersomeepisodesfromtheEnglishmovieDeadPoetsSocietyforthestudentsto

appreciateanddiscuss.

A)attractB)contractC)detractD)extract

32.WhatJimistryingtoistheviewthatmakingmorefriendsandfewerfoesistherightway

toadapttothepresentsociety.

A)propagateB)propelC)prosperD)prosecute

33.Thedashingspiritofthisdevotedlawyerhasnotbeenbythedifficultiesandhardshipsof

thepastfifteenyears.

A)blunderedB)blurtedC)bluntedD)blurred

34.InthecountrysideofChina,as,thetraditionofexplodingfirecrackersduringSpring

Festivalcelebrationsstillprevails.

A)yetB)forC)toD)from

35.Onewillfindthatfair-skinned,skimpilycladforeignersoftenappearontheseadvertisementsifhe

orshethroughtheadvertisementsinbeautycenters.

A)brownedB)bruisesC)browsesD)blouses

36.Thedesperatepursuitofprofitandsafetyrulesultimatelyleadstothegasexplosion.

A)slakeB)slickC)slackD)slink

37.Thepolicewerecalledtoinvestigatebecauseallthecompany'sstrictlyconfidential

documentsweremissing.

A)downB)forthC)offD)in

38.Mr.Smithlethisangeruponlearningthatthediamondnecklaceheboughtforhiswife

wasonlyafakemadeofglass.

A)loseB)looseC)lossD)louse

39.Richard,seeingadogsuddenlycrossingtheroad,intendedtoputonthebrake,butonlytoslip

andstepontheaccelerator.

A)overB)upC)awayD)through

40.Thebeautifulyoungsalesgirltriedtopersuadetheoldladytobuyanewtypeofsynthetic

detergent,buttono.

A)utilityB)availC)useD)application

41.Onemay,fromtheterm"computervirus"，thatcomputervirusessharesomeofthetraits

ofbiologicalviruses.

A)defenseB)defuseC)deceaseD)deduce

Key21-25:CDDDC26-30:BACAA31-35:DACAC36-40:CDBBB41:D

TCE-B5-A7

Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish.

1.(關(guān)于這種病毒，令專家震驚的)wasitsabilitytopropagateitselfacrossavastnumberof

systemsinthecommercial,governmentandmilitaryrealmsinaveryshortperiodoftime.

2.Aworkaholicisapersonwhoworkstoomuch.Aworkaholic（為工作而生活，

而不是為了生活而工作）.

3.Whetheritisworthinvesting（從長(zhǎng)久來看仍然不能肯定）.

4.Unfortunately,manyexecutives（以為一旦安裝了安全裝置），suchasanti-virus

software,theirnetworksystemsaresafe.

5.Creatingasecurenetwork（需要持續(xù)的教育、監(jiān)控和維護(hù)）.

1.Key:Whatstart