2022年云南GRE考試考前沖刺卷3測

2022年云南GRE考試考前沖刺卷

（本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。）

單位：姓名：考號：

題號單選題多項選擇判斷題綜合題總分

分值

得分

一、單項選擇題(共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意)

1.TheIengthofarectangularkitchenfIooris3feetmorethanitswidth.

IftheIengthoftheflooris12feet,whatistheareaofthefloorin

squarefeet

(A)9

(B)15

(042

(D)108

(E)144

2.

Accordingtothegraph,whichofthefollowingisthebestestimateof

thetotalrevenuefromgovernmentfundingin1990

A.$60million

B.$55million

C.$45million

D.$35million

E.(E)$30million

3.Whatistheareaofthetriangleinthefigurebelow

(A)4.5

(B)9

(C)10

(D)12.5

(E)20

4.Theaverageofxandyis16andtheaverageofx,y,andzis22.What

isthevalueofz

(A)16

(B)22

(C)34

(D)45

(E)66

5.DirectionsforQuantitativeComparisonQuestions:Someofthe

followingquestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,oneinCoIumnAandonein

CoIumnB,Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowing

answerchoices:

A.ifthequantityinColumnAisgreater；

B.ifthequantityincolumnBisgreater；

C.ifthetwoquantitiesareequal；

D.ifyoucannotdeterminetherelationshipbasedonthegiveninformation

6.DirectionsforQuantitativeComparisonQuestions:Someofthe

followingquestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,oneinCoIumnAandonein

CoIumnB,Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowing

answerchoices:

A.ifthequantityinColumnAisgreater；

B.ifthequantityincolumnBisgreater；

C.ifthetwoquantitiesareequal；

D.ifyoucannotdeterminetherelationshipbasedonthegiveninformation

7.DirectionsforQuantitativeComparisonQuestions:Someofthe

followingquestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,oneinCoIumnAandonein

CoIumnB,Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowing

answerchoices:

A.ifthequantityinColumnAisgreater；

B.ifthequantityincolumnBisgreater；

C.ifthetwoquantitiesareequal；

D.ifyoucannotdeterminetherelationshipbasedonthegiveninformation

8.HumanreIianceoninformationtechnologytodayisquicklybecoming

gIobaI.TheLinetechnologicaldeveIopmentsintheareasofcomputing,

networking,andsoftwareengineeringhaveaidedthetransitionsfrom

papertopaperIesstransactions,andtextanddatamediatomu11imedia.

Today,speed,efficiency,andaccuracyinthe(5)exchangeof

informationhavebecomeprimarytooIsforincreasingproductivityand

innovation.Activitiesasdiverseashealthcare,education,and

manufacturinghavecometodependonthegeneration,storage,and

transmissionofelectronicinformation.Computersarenotonlyused

extensivelytoperformtheindustrialandeconomicfunctionsof

societybutarealsousedtoprovidemanyservicesuponwhich(10)human

Iifedepends.MedicaItreatment,airtrafficcontrol,andnationaI

securityareafewexampIes.EvenasmalIglitchintheoperationof

thesesystemscanputhumanIivesindanger.Computersarealsoused

tostoreconfidentiaIdataofapoIiticaIrsocial,economic,or

personalnature.Thisfairlyrecentandprogressivedependenceon

computertechnoIogysignaIsarealdangerforthehumanrace.(15)

Currentcomputersystemsoffernewopportunitiesforlawbreakingand

thepotentiaItocommittraditionaltypesofcrimesinnontraditional

ways.Forexample,thethreatofidentitytheftismagnifiedbyour

reIianceoncomputerstoassistusineverydayactivitiessuchas

shoppingandpayingbiIIs.IdentitytheftreferstoalItypesofcrime

inwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanother(20)person1s

personaldatabywayoffraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.

BymakingpersonalandcreditinformationavaiIabIeontheInternet,

peopIeopenthemseIvesuptothepossibiIityofacriminalobtaining

thisinformationandusingitfornefariouspurposes.Thisisbutone

instanceofthenegativeimpactthatoverrelianceoncomputer

technoIogycanhaveonsociety.(25)Ashumanscontinuetomake

technologicaladvances,sotoodotheyrelymoreheavilyuponthose

innovations.Thisisadangerousprogressionthatmustbetempered

withcommonsenseandself-restraint.Wecannotallowcomputer

technoIogytocontroltoomanyaspectsofourIives,lestwebecome

victimsofourowningenuity.

EachofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasapotentiaIdanger

resultingfromgreaterreIianceoncomputertechnoIogyEXCEPT:I.The

transmissionofelectronicdata11.Increasedopportunityforcriminal

activityIII.AdrasticreductioninnationaIsecurity

A.Ionly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.(E)I,H,andIII

9.Acoloredmarbleistobechosenatrandomfromabagofmarbles.The

probabiIitythatthemarblechosenwiIIbegreenisWhichofthe

followingcouldNOTbethetotalnumberofmarblesinthebag

(A)36

(B)64

(C)72

(D)81

(E)108

10.

Eachofthefollowingisavalidconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthe

informationinthegraphEXCEPT:

A.thetotalrevenuefromtuitionandgovernmentfundingin2000was$120

million

B.between1980and1990,theproportionoftotalrevenuefromgovernment

fundingincreased

C.revenuefromgovernmentfundingincreasedeveryyearfrom1950to2000

D.revenuefromtuitionincreasedeveryyearfrom1960to1990

E.(E)revenuefromtuitionincreasedatagreaterratethandidrevenue

fromgovernmentfunding

11.DirectionsforQuantitativeComparisonQuestions:Someofthe

followingquestionsgiveyoutwoquantitiesyoneinCoIumnAandonein

CoIumnB,Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowing

answerchoices:

A.ifthequantityinColumnAisgreater；

B.ifthequantityincolumnBisgreater；

C.ifthetwoquantitiesareequal；

D.ifyoucannotdeterminetherelationshipbasedonthegiveninformation

12.IntherighttrianglebeIow,ifx=9,whatisthevalueofy

13.DirectionsforQuantitativeComparisonQuestions:Someofthe

followingquestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,oneinCoIumnAandonein

CoIumnB,Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowing

answerchoices:

A.ifthequantityinColumnAisgreater；

B.ifthequantityincolumnBisgreater；

C.ifthetwoquantitiesareequal；

D.ifyoucannotdeterminetherelationshipbasedonthegiveninformation

14.DirectionsforQuantitativeComparisonQuestions:Someofthe

followingquestionsgiveyoutwoquantities,oneinCoIumnAandonein

CoIumnB,Comparethetwoquantitiesandchooseoneofthefollowing

answerchoices:

A.ifthequantityinColumnAisgreater；

B.ifthequantityincolumnBisgreater；

C.ifthetwoquantitiesareequal；

D.ifyoucannotdeterminetherelationshipbasedonthegiveninformation

15.

{{B}}ReadingSectionDirections{{/B}}

InthissectionyouwiIIreadfivepassagesandanswerreading

comprehensionquestionsabouteachpassage.Mostquestionsareworthone

point,butthelastquestionineachsetisworthmorethanonepoint.

Thedirectionsindicatehowmanypointsyoumayreceive.

YouwiIIhave60minutestoreadalIofthepassagesandanswerthe

questions.SomepassagesincIudeawordorphrasethatisunderIinedin

blue.Clickonthewordorphrasetoseeadefinitionoranexplanation.

Whenyouwanttomoveontothenextquestion,clickonNext.Youcan

skipquestionsandgobacktothemIaterasIongasthereistimeremaining.

Ifyouwanttoreturntopreviousquestions,cIickonBack.Youcanclick

onReviewatanytimeandthereviewscreenwi11showyouwhichquestion

youhaveansweredandwhichyouhavenot.Fromthisreviewscreen,you

maygodirectIytoanyquestionyouhavealreadyseeninthereading

section.

Whenyouarereadytocontinue,clickontheContinueicon.

{{BHSet1{{/B}}

{{B}}ScienceFictionNotAnyMore{{/B}}

Sciencefictionhasoftenbeenthesourceofinspirationfornew

technologies.Theexoskeletonsandhead-mounteddisplaysfeaturedinthe

1

fiIm"AIiens',forexampIetspawnedanumberofmiIitaryfundedprojects

totrytocreatesimilartechnologies.Automaticslidingdoorsmight

neverhavebecomepopularhadtheynotappearedonthetelevisionseries

MStarTrek”.Andthepopularityofflip-topor"clamshell“mobiIephones

maystemfromthedesiretolookIikeCaptainKirkflippingopenhis

communicatoronthesameprogram.

Nowitseemsthat“StarTrek"hasdoneitagain.Thismonth,American

soldiersinIraqwi11begintrialsofadeviceinspiredbythe"commbadge"

featuredin11StarTrek:TheNextGeneration'1.Likecrewmembersofthe

starshipEnterprise,soldierswiIIbeabletotalktoothermembersof

theirunitjustbytappingandthenspeakingintoasmalIbadgewornon

thechest.Whatsetsthecommbadgeapartfromamerewalkie-talkie,and

appeaIsto"StarTrek1'fans,isthesystem'sapparentinte11igence.It

worksoutwhoyouarecallingfromspokencommands,andconnectsyou

instantly.

Thesystem,deveIopedbyVoceraCommunicationsofCupertino,

CaliforniatusesacombinationofWi-Fiwirelessnetworkingand

Voice-overInternetProtocol(VoIP)technologiestoIinkupthebadges

viaacentralserver,akintoaswitchboard.Thebadgesarealreadybeing

usedin80largeinstitutions,mostofthemhospitaIs,toreplaceoverhead

pagingsystems,saysBrentLang,Vocera5svice-president.

Likeitsscience-fictioncounterpart,thebadgeisdesignedsothat

alIfunctionscanbecardedoutbypressingasinglebutton.Onpressing

it,thecallergivesacommandandspecifiesthenameofapersonorgroup

ofpeople,suchas"calIDr.Smith“orMIocatethenearest

anesthesioIogistn.Voice-recognitionsoftwareinterpretsthecommands

andIocatestheappropriatepersonorgroup,basedonwhicheverWi-Fi

base-stationtheyarecIosestto.ThepersonreceivingthecaIIthenhears

anaudiblealertstatingthenameofthecallerand,ifheorshewishes

totakethecall,respondsbytappingthebadgeandstartingtospeak.

ThathighIightsakeydifferencebetweenthe"StarTrek"commbadge

andthereal-Iifeversion:Vocera*simpIementationaIIowspeopIeto

rejectincomingcallstratherthanhavingthevoiceofthecalIerpatched

throughautomatically.ButeventhemostpuristfanscanforgiveVocera

fordeviatingfromthescriptinthisway,saysDavidBatchelor,an

astrophysicistandnStarTrek”enthusiastatNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlight

CenterinGreenbelt,Maryland.Forthereare,henotes,somecurious

aspectstothebehaviorofthecommbadgesin“StarTrek".Whenthe

captainoftheEnterprisesays"Picardtosick-bay:MedicaIemergency

onthebridge”,forexampIeyhisbadgesomehowconnectshimtothe

sick-baybeforehehasstatedthedestinationofthecall.

Allowingbadgeuserstorejectincomingcallsiftheyarebusy,rather

thanbeingconnectedinstantly,wasafeatureaddedattherequestof

customers,saysMr.Lang.ButinaImostalIotherrespectsthebadges

workjustIiketheirfictionaIcounterparts.Thisisnotverysurprising,

saysLawrenceKrauss,anastrophysicistatCaseWesternReserve

UniversityinCleveland,Ohio,andtheauthorof"ThePhysicsofStar

Trek”.Insciencefiction,

A.sciencefiction.

B.personalizedringtones.

C.”StarTrek"fans.

D.Vocerabadges.

16.{(B)}Set2{{/B}}

{{B}}GadgetswithaSportingChance{{/B}}

Consumerelectronics:Newsportsequipment,fromtennisracketsto

runningshoes,usesprocessingpowertoenhanceperformance.Isthatfair

WhyshouldaspiringathletesstandonthesideIineswhenaspotof

electronicassistancecanputtheminthemiddleofthegameThatis

thequestionmanysports-equipmentmakersareaskingastheysensean

opportunitytoboosttheirsaleswithhigh-techproducts.YoucouldcalI

ittherevengeofthenerds:anewwaveofmicrochip-equippedsporting

goodspromisestoenhancetheperformanceofnovicesandnon-sporting

typesalike-andcouldevenmakedifficultsportseasier.

Takecross-countryskiing.VictorPetrenko,anengineeratDartmouth

College'sIceResearchLabinNewHampshire,hasinventedsomesmart

ski-brakesthat,hebeIieves,wiIIincreasethepopularityof

cross-countryskiingbymakingthesportlesschaiIengingforbeginners.

Thebrakes,currentlybeingtestedbyaskimanufacturerintheAlps,

offerthenecessaryfrictionforabigger"kick-offforce"andmakethe

skisIessIikeIytosIidebackwardsintheirtrucks.Tomakethishappen,

anelectriccurrentfromthebottomoftheskispulsesthroughtheice,

meltingathinlayerofsnowthatinstantlyrefreezesandactsasasort

ofglue.

Thisisnottheonlyformofsmartskitohittheslopes.Atomic,a

Ieadingski-makerbasedinAustria,planstointroduceasystemlater

thisyearthatrunsadiagnosticsafetychecktoensurethattheski

bindingisproperlyclosedrwiththeresuItbeingshownonatinybuiIt-in

Iiquid-crystaldisplay.MeanwhiIe,tennisequipmentmanufacturersare

hopingthatinnovationwiIIbringnewziptotheirbusinessasweII.They

certainlyneedtodosomething:accordingtoSportScanInfo,a

market-researchfirmbasedinFlorida,saIesoftennisracketsinAmerica

felI12.5%duringthefirsthalfof2004comparedwiththefirsthalf

of2003.

WiththebaIIclearlyintheircourt,researchersatHeadramaker

ofsportingequipment,havedevisedaproductthatshouldappealto

playerssufferingfromtenniseIbow.Achipinsidetheracketcontrols

piezo-electricfibres,whichconvertmechanicalenergyfromtheball'

simpactintoelectricalpotentiaIenergy.Thisenergyisthenusedto

generateacounter-forceinthepiezo-electricfibresthatcausesa

dampeningeffect.AlIofthis,thefirmsays,translatesintolessstress

ontheeIbow.Headclaimsthatresidualvibrationsintheracketare

dampenedtwiceasfastasinconventionaIrackets,reducingtheshock

experiencedbytheplayer5sarmbymorethan50%.

NodoubtpuristswiIIobjectthatthisissimplynotcricket.

Rule-makersinmanysportsarenowbeingforcedtoconsiderthe

impIicationsofequipmentthatpromisestoaugmentathletes5performance

withelectronicmuseIe.TheInternationalTennisFederation,thatbody

isresponsibleforsettingtherulesofthegame,hasspecifiedinits

mostrecentguideIinesthat11noenergysourcethatinanywaychanges

oraffectstheplayingcharacteristicsofaracketmaybebuiltintoor

attachedtoaracket11.

Yetdespitesuchwording,theguideIinedoesnotactuaIlyeliminate

theuseofHead,ssmartrackets,becausethereisnoexternalenergy

source---thedampingeffectreIiessolelyonenergyfromthebalTs

impact.Thoughhigh-techequipmentmaycausecontroversyonthecourt,

tennisclubshavetoadheretotheguideIinessetforthesport,explains

StuartMiller,theIIF5stechnicalmanager.Andiftherulesallow

self-generatedforcestomodifyaracket'sresponse,sobeit.

Differentsportshaveencountereddifferenttechnologies,thoughthe

futurewiIIundoubtedlybringmoreoverlap.Ingolf,gadgetsthatpinpoint

thelocationofthegreenusingtheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),The

rule-makingbodyoftheRoyalandAncientGoIfCIubofSt.Andrews,which

overseesthegameinalIcountriesexceptAmericaanditsdependencies,

currentlyprohibitstheuseofdistance-measuringdevices.Asaresult,

golferscannotrelyonGPSaidsinatournament.Whiletechnological

innovationingolfequipmentshouIdcontinue,theplayerJsskiIIshould

remainthepredominantfactor,saysDavidRickman,whoisinchargeof

theclub'srulesandequipmentstandards.

Thetrendtowardshigh-techassistanceisnotIimitedtosportswith

areputationforexpensivegear,however.Evenruning,that

A.beginner.

B.nerd.

C.sales.

D.listener.

17.{{BUSet3{{/B}}

{{B}}TheEvoIutionofthePhotofit{{/B}}

SecuritytechnoIogy:Anewtypeofcomputerisedphotofitsystemtakes

anovelevolutionaryapproachtogeneratingimagesofsuspects.Ifyou

haveevertriedtodescribesomeone!sfaceindetaiI,youwiIIunderstand

whythe“photofit"compositeimagesusedbythepolicelooksododgy.

Inrecentyears,computerised"E-Fit"systemshaveheIpedimprovethe

accuracyoftheseimagesbyallowingwitnessestochoosefromawider

rangeoffaciaIfeatures.ButresearchersattheUniversityofStirIing

inScotIandfoundthat,despitetheseimprovements,peopIestillhave

ahardtimeconstructingrecognisablefaces-especiallyifthereisa

delayofmore

TheproblemisthatpeopIetendtorecoguisefacesaswholeentities,

ratherthanasseparatefeatures.Sopickingfromarangeofeyes,noses

andmouthsisnotnecessarilythemostsuitableapproach,saysCharIie

Frowd,apsychologistattheUniversityofStifIing.Nextyear,however,

Britishpoliceareexpectedtobegintrialsofanewcomputerisedsystem,

calledEvoFIT,developedbyDr.FrowdandhiscolleaguePeterHancock.

Itusesanevolutionaryapproach,knownasageneticalgorithm,to

“evolve"facesratherthanpiecethemtogether.

"Theprocessisentirelynon-verbalandtakesafractionofthenormal

time,HclaimsDr.Frowd.Awitnessisshownanarrayof60differentfaces

withrandomfeatures.Havingstudiedthemclosely,thewitnessisasked

tochoosethesiximagesthatmostcloselyresemblethepersontheyare

tryingtodescribe.Thesesixarethenusedtogenerateanothersetof

60,byswitchingfeatureesbetweensomeoftheimagesandbymakingrandom

changestoothers.Thewitnessisthenaskedtorepeatthetask,whereupon

anewbatchoffacesisgenerated,andsoon.Inevolutionaryterms,this

processisknownas"geneticcrossoverandmutation",andisapowerful

waytosearchalargenumberofpossibiIitiesforaparticularsolution.

ByallowingtheusertosteertheseIectionprocess,theprogramisable

togenerateagoodIikenessfortheoriginalfaceafterjustafewcycles.

Inoneofitsearlyversions,EvoFITwasusedbypoIiceinNorthampton

shirewhoweretryingtocatchaviolentattacker.Theattackerwasnever

caught,buttheseniorinvestigatingofficer,SuperintendentPauISpick,

saysthewitnessinvoIvedfoundthenewsoftwaremuchquickerandeasier

tousethantraditionalE-Fitsystems.Itwasalsomoreaccurate:the

finalimagecausedthewitnessvisibledistresswhendisplayed.Afurther

importantadvantageofEvoFITovertraditionalcompositesisthatan

imagecanbegeneratedevenifthewitnesscanonlyprovideasketchy

verbaIdescription.

Theresearchershavesincemadeanumberoffurtherimprovementsto

theirsystemandarenowintheprocessofcommercializingitin

partnershipwithABM,aBritishfirmwhichsuppliespoliceforceswith

photofit,oneoftheleadingcomputerizedcompositesystems.Theimages

aremorereaIisticrandthesystemcangeneratethree-quarterangIeviews

oftheface,whichareeasiertodistinguishthandirectfrontalviews,

saysDr.Frowd.

Histeamhasalsofoundthatbycombiningtheimagesgeneratedby

differentwitnesses,orevenfromasinglewitness,itispossibleto

getanevenbetterIikeness.ThiscouldbeparticularlyusefuIwhen

multiplewitnessescomeforwardandthepoliceareunsurewhichofthe

imagestheyproduceisthemostaccurate.Inthelatestversion,witnesses

aregivenaseIectionoffaceshapestochoosefrombeforefaciaIfeatures

areadded.ThismakesitlessIikeIythatthecorrectfaciaIfeatures

wiIIberejectedsimplybecausetheyareonthewrong-shapedface.

ThesemodificationsappeartomakealIthedifference.Inrecent

experiments,Dr.FrowdandDr.HancockcomparedEvoFITwiththe

computerizedsystemscurrentlyinusebyaskingvolunteerstoconstruct

animageofafacetwodaysafterseeingit,andthenshowingtheresuIting

imagetopeopIewhowerefamiIiarwiththepersondepicted.With

traditionalcomposites,thepersonwascorrectlyidentifiedabout4%of

thetime;thefigureroseto25%withEvoFITimages.

NextyearABMwi11performinhouseevaIuationsofthesystemandwiII

thenteamupwithpoliceforcesforfurthertrials.AIthoughthingslook

promisingsofar,twothingsinparticularneedfurthertesting,says

LesIieBowie,ABM'sdirectorofresearch.DotheEvoFITimagesdistract

witnessesorcontaminatetheirmemoriesoftheface

A.mixture.

B.compose.

C.find.

D.system.

18.{{BlJSet4{{/B}}

{{B}}ImportanceofVitamins{{/B}}

Vitamins,whichcomeinmanydifferenttypesalIofwhicharequite

diverseinchemicaIconfigurationandfunction,canbeanyofseveral

organicsubstancesthatareseparatedintowater-solubleandfat-soIubIe

groups.Originallydefinedasorganiccompoundsobtainableinanormal

dietandcapabIeofmaintainingIifeandpromotinggrowth,vitaminsare

differrentfromcarbohydrates,fats,andproteinsinfunction,asweII

asinthequantitiesinwhichorganismsrequirethem.Socriticalare

vitaminstoabody'sessentiaIstrengthandheaIththatiftheyareabsent

fromthedietornotproperlyabsorbedbyanorganismraspecific

deficiencydiseasemaydeveIop.

ThetermvitaminoriginatedfromHvitamine,Mawordfirstusedinthe

early19thcenturytodesignateagroupofcompoundsconsideredvital

forIife(thoughtheterm"accessoryfoodfactornsometimesisused

interchangeablytorefertothesesubstances).Likeothernutrients,

vitaminconsumptionisimperativetokeepourbodiesfunctioningproperIy,

andifthereisalackofvitaminconsumption,thebodywiIIfaiItoreact

inawaythat'sconsideredhealthy.LackofvitaminAwiIIresultin

variousdisordersthatmostcommonIyinvoIvetheeyeandthetissues

aroundit.OneoftheearIiestsymptomsofvitaminAdeficiencyis

nyctalopia,themedicaItermfornightblindness,whichcausesavisual

failuretoadaptquicklyfromIighttodarknessandaninabiIitytosee

inthedark.Thisaspectofvisionisnorma11ydependentonrhodopsin,

aproteinfoundintheeyethatmaintainsitselfonlyinthepresence

ofvitaminA;inthelackofvitaminA,rhodopsinwiIImaIfunction.

TheseearIiersymptomsarequiteharmlessbutthesideeffectscan

becomeincreasinglyseriousifnottreatedearlyon.Ifthedeficiency

issevereandpersists,especiallyinmaInourishedinfantsandchiIdren,

aconditionknownasxerophthalmia--whentheeyesaresensitivetoIight,

thesecretionoflubricatingtearsisstopped,andtheeyeIidsbecome

swoIIenanddeveIoppus-maydeveIop.Furthermore,themucoussurfaces

oftheeyemaybecomeeroded,allowinginfectiontosetin,thusIeading

toulcerationandotherdestructivechangesofthecorneaandother

structuresoftheeye,resultingeventuaIIyinblindness.

EarlysignsofvitaminAdeficiencymayalsoberefIectedinchanges

inthemembranesofthemouth,throat,andrespiratoryandgenito-urinary

passageswheretheIiningmembranesbecomemalnourishedanddryandlose

theircilia,thetinyhair