2016年太奇?？荚嚲砣珖?guó)入學(xué)統(tǒng)一

管理類專業(yè)聯(lián)考英語試卷【A32B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上，其它筆填涂的或做在試卷或其它類型答 太奇2016年管理類專 聯(lián)英語（二）測(cè)試SectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.(10Paperdiffersfromotherwasteproductssinceitcomesfromasustainableresource:1themineralsandoilusedtomakesticsandmetals,treesare2.Paperisalsobio-degradable,soitdoesn?tposemuchthreattotheenvironmentwhenitisdiscarded.345outofevery100tonesofwoodfiberusedtomakepaperinAustraliacomesfromwastepaper,therestcomesdirectlyfromvirginfiberfrom sandntations.Byworldstandardsthisisagood4sincetheworld-wideaverageis33percentwastepaper.ernmentshaveencouragedwastepapercollectionand5schemesandatthesametime,thepaperindustryhasrespondedbydevelonewrecyclingthathave6evengreaterutilizationofusedfiber.7,industry?suseofrecycledfibersisexpectedtoincreaseattwicetherateofvirginfiberoverthe ingyears.Wastepaperhasalready 70%ofpaperusedforpackagingandadvancesinthe toremoveinkfromthepaperhaveallowedahigherrecycled newsprintandwritingpaper.Toachievethebenefitsofrecycling,thecommunitymustalso11.Weneedtoacceptachangeinthequalityofpaperproducts; stationerymaybelesswhiteand aroughertexture.Therealsoneedstobe fromthecommunityforwastepapercollectionprograms.Notonlydoweneedtomakethepaper butitalsoneedstobeseparatedintodifferenttypesandsortedfromcontaminantssuchasstaples,paperclips,stringandothermiscellaneous 16.Therearetechnical17totheamountofpaperwhichcanberecycledandsomepaperproductscannotbecollectedforreuse.Theseincludepaperintheformofbooksandpermanentrecords,photographicpaperandpaper18isbadlycontaminated.Thefourmostcommon ofpaperforrecyclingarefactoriesandretailstoreswhichgatherlargeamountsofpackagingmaterial goodsaredelivered,alsoofficeswhichhaveunwantedbusinesssandcomputeroutput,paperconvertersandprintersandlastlyhouseholdswhichdiscardnewspapersandpackagingC．SectionII PartADirections:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Theeconomicnewsforyoungwomenrecentlyhasbeenright.Severalstudieshavesuggestedthatwomenunder30wholiveincitiesandworkinindustriesthatrequireacollegeeducationareearningmorethantheirmalepeers,onaverage.Finally,someclosureofthegenderwagegap!Butnowcomesthatirritatingotheraspect:Anothernewstudyhasfoundthatwomenwhomakemoremoneythantheirmenaremorelikelytobecheatedon.Thestudy,whichwaspresentedbyChristinMunsch,asociologyPh.D.atCornellUniversity,attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociation,examined18to28yearoldswhowerelivingtogetherormarriedmorethanayear.Itfoundthatmenwhowerecompleydependentontheirwives? eswerefivetimeslikeliertocheatthanthosewhocontributedthesameamounttothehouseholdfinances.Munschbelievesthisisnotactuallyaboutmoney,butaboutmen?sfeelingsofualidentity.“Anyidentitythat?simportanttoyou,ifyoufeelit?sthreatened,you?regoingtoengageinbehaviorthatwillreinstateyourceinthatgroup,”shesays.“Beingamanisstronglyidentifiedwithbeingabreadwinner.”Menmightengagein“hyper-masculineactivities”—disyingtheirualcompetence—asaformofcompensatorybehavior.Attheotherendofthespectrum,menwhomakealotmoremoneythantheirwiveswerealsomoreinclinedtocheat,foundMunsch.Shesuggests,however,it?sfordifferentreasons.Whilenon-earningmencheatbecausetheyareunhappy,higherearningmencheatbecausetheyThemenleastlikelytocheat,forthosekeecountathome,hadpartnerswhomade75%ofwhattheymade.That?smoreorlessthesameproportionofman?ssalarytheaverageU.S.womanearnedin2008.Thisiswhat?scalledasilverlining.Asforwomen, edisparityworksintheoppositeway:Thosewhomakelessthantheirmenorwhoaren?tbreadwinnersatallweremuchlesslikelytocheatthanthosewhomademore.Eithertheyexpresstheirunhappinessinlessrelationship-damagingways,orMunschbelieves,theirminimalwagedidn?tthreatentheirgenderidentityasmuch.Thestudy,whichdrewondatafromthe2002to2007wavesoftheNationalLongitudinalSurveyofYouth,foundthatonly3.8%ofmalepartnersand1.4%offemalepartnerscheatedinanygivenyearduringthatperiod,sonomatterwhat,theproblemmaybelessprevalentthanalotofmarriedfolksfear.Italsodidnotfactorinage,educationlevel, e,religiousattendance,andrelationshipsatisfaction,allofwhichcouldbeasimportantas So,ladies,whateveryoudo,don?tusethisasanexcusenottoaskforthatAccordingtoMunsch,thedeepcauseformenwhoearnlessthantheirwivestocheat B.householdC.gender D.unhappyTheword“reinstate”(Line3,Para.3)probably A. B. C. D.Accordingtothestudy,menwhoareleastlikelytocheatonwomenwere whoearnedalittlemorethantheirwiveswhoearned sofwhattheirwives ewerefivetimesmorethantheirWomenwhoearnlessthantheirmenarelesslikelytocheat theirminimalwagesthreaten ualedisparityhasbeguntofavortheminrecentmenandwomenhavetheoppositerolesinthehouseholdtheytendtoshowtheirunhappinessinwayslessharmfultotheirrelationshipwiththeirThestudyfoundthat maybenotasseriousaspeoplemaybemuchmoreprevalentthanpeopleshouldnotbeanexcuseforwomentoaskforCarrying25-footcontainersisnotsoglamorousasmakingfi,butshipisngmorethanHollywoodtoboostsouthernCalifornia'seconomythesedays.TheadjacentportsofLosAngelesandLongBeach,alreadythetwobiggestinthecountry,aregrowingquicklythankstotradewith .Theyareagiantjob-creatingengine,stimulatingindustrialandwarehouseemploymentonascalenotseenintheregionsincetheriseoftheaerospaceindustryaftertheSecondWorldWar.Sadly,likemostengines,theyaredirty.Theportsthemselvesestimatetheyareresponsibleforabout13%ofallthedieselparticleemissionsand45ofthesulphuroxidesinsouthernCaliforniaCarriedeastbyprevailingwinds,suchpollutantshelptocreatesomeofAmerica'sworstairmorethan50 inland.Thosewholiveclosetothe ways(高速公路)leadingoutoftheportssufferthemost.Researchershavefoundthatchildrenlivingwithinafewhundredmetersofsuchroadsarenotonlymorelikelytosufferfromasthma,adiseaseofthebreathingsystemandcharacterizedbycoughing.Theyactuallyhavesmallerlungs.Themostambitiousefforttocontrolpollution,whichmayaffectthelocaleconomymostdrastically,involvestruckers.Some16,000lorriescurrentlyhaulcontainersbetweenshipsandwarehouses,mostofwhomareownedbyHispanicimmigrants.Thedriversputinlonghours:12adayisnotunusual,accordingtoasurvey.Theyearn,onaverage,justunder$35,000ayear.Suchjobs,likemanyconnectedtotheport,areanimportantstep-stoneonthepathtothemiddleclass.Theportswanttoremovetheoldesttrucksandgraduallyupgradetheotherssothat,within5years,thefleetemitsfour-fifthslesspollutionthannow.Tohelppayforthis,theyintendtolevyafeeof$34to$54onevery“dirty”vehicleenteringtheport.Mostimportant,theywanttoturnalarge,unwieldynetworkofindependentcontractorsintoamoreorderlygroupofcompaniesoperatingconcessions,ashappensinanairport.“Weneedtohavemorecontrol,”exinsGeraldineKnatz,theheadofLosAngeles'port.However,thereformsposeathreattotheports'competitiveness.Atpresent,thetruckerswhoworkatthedocksareprice-takers,notprice-setters.Becausetheyareself-employed,theyarealmostimpossibletounionize,andconsequentlyhavelittlebargainingpower.Allthatcouldquiteeasilychangeiftheywereto etheemployeesofafewlargefirms.Indeed,themost efortheports'nshascomenotfromenvironmentalgroupsbutfromtheTeamsters'union.WhatisthepassagemainlyTheconsequencesofshipindustryinsouthernThecausesofpollutionalongthecoastofsouthernThepollutionproblemoftheshipindustryinsouthernTheauthormentionstheportsofLosAngelesandLongBeachtoillustrate theyarethelargestinthetheycreatenewjobshipindustryislessglamorousthanmakingItcanbeinferredfromthepassage theshipindustrythereisasdirtyasotherpeoplelivingneartheseportssufferthethepollutedairintheregionmayresultinbothasthmaandsmallerAccordingtothepassage,themostambitiousefforttocontrol hasalmostnothingtodowiththecouldhavenegativeimpactsuponthelocalmaydependonindependentwillupgradeallthetruckstoreduceAccordingtotheauthor,thereformsbringaboutathreattotheport?scompetitivenessin thetruckers?unionizationwouldraisethecostofthetruckersworkingatthedocksareprice-environmentalgroupsarenotenthusiasticabouttheFewwouldchallengethepropositionthathumancapitalisfundamentaltoeconomicgrowth.Yetmuchevidencesuggeststhatduringwhatisarguablythemostimportanteraofgrowth—theIndustrialRevolution—humancapitalhadlittlebearingoneconomicdevelopment.PrimaryschoolenrolmentinBritain,thecradleofindustrialization,wasamere11%aslateas1850.Scandinavia,incontrast,laggedbehindeconomicallyforalongtimeinspiteofhavingachievedclosetofulllicyatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.Inanewpaper,MaraSquicciariniandNicoVoigtlanderoftheUniversityofCaliforniaattempttoresolvethisconundrumbydividinghumancapitalintotwocategories,onethathadanimpactontheIndustrialRevolutionandonethatdidnot.Theauthorsreckonthat“upper-tailknowledge”ratherthan“averagehumancapital”iswhatdrivesindustrialization.Thismatterspresumablybecausewhileworkerskills,suchaslicyandprimaryeducation,boostproductivitybyutilizingexiting,itistheskillsheldbytopengineersandentrepreneursthatenableasocietytoinnovateandfosterthetypeofrapidtechnologicalprogressthatcharacterizedtheindustrialrevolution.Sinceeducationandlicyaretwoofthemostcommonmeasuresusedintheacademicliture.Thisdistinctionwould,iftrue,helpexinwhymostpreviousstudieshavetriedbutfailedtofindastronglinkbetweengrowthandhumancapitalduringthetransitiontothenewmanufacturingprocessesofthe18thand19thcenturies.Totesttheirtheory,thetworesearchersusedcity-levelsubscriptionratestoEncyclopaediainFrancearound1750.EncyclopaediawasanattempttocollectscientificandculturalknowledgeandwasattheheartofEnlightenment.Intheysis,subscriptionratesarethereforeusedasameasureof“upper-tailhumancapital”tocontrastwithlicyrates,whichindicates“averagehumancapital”.Inaddition,theauthorsusedasetof estocaptureeconomicdevelopment,includingurbanization,soldierheight,wageratesandindustrialproductivity.Asexpected,widespreadlicydidnotpredictgrowth.SubscriptionstoEncyclopaediapercapita,ontheotherhand,werestronglyassociatedwithgrowthafter1750.TheresultsdonotimplythatsubscribingtoEncyclopaediacausedeconomicgrowthorthatreadingitmadepeoplehighlyinnovative.Instead,MsSquicciarinnandMrVoigtlanderarguethatthesubscriptionrateislocalindicatorofthepresenceofhighlyeducatedeliteswhopossessmathematicalknowledge,scientificskillsandentrepreneurialability.NeedlesstosayEncyclopaediawasnotablockbuster,ithadsome8,000subscribersintotalandthosewerelikelyhighlyconcentratedincertainpopulationsegments.Theirfindingsthereforesupportthehypothesismentionedinthepaperthat“theIndustrialRevolutionwascarriednotbytheskillsoftheaverageworker,butbytheingenuityandtechnicalofaminority.”Thisisnottosaythatlicyratesandprimaryschoolenrolmentareunimportant,butratherthattheymaynotbesufficienttofosteratransitiontoaneweconomicsystem.ThecontrastbetweenBritainandScandinaviaismadetoshowthathumancapitalmaybeessentialtoeconomictheimpactofhumancapitaloneconomicgrowthmaybenoteducationyedamajorroleduringtheIndustrialtheIndustrialRevolutionimprovededucationItcanbelearnedfromparagraph2that“upper-tail employsexistingtoboostisacommonmeasureusedinacademic isvitaltotechnologicalfeaturesdevelopededucationandhigh cyAccordingtotheresearchers,thesubscriptionratesto reflectahighgrowthinFrancearoundpredictculturalprosperityafterindicatethepresenceofaveragehumanrevealthedistributionofhighlyeducated denythenecessitytocategorizehumanjustifythesignificanceofaveragehumancapitalC.demonstratetheimportanceof“upper-tailknowledge”D.proveastronglinkbetweengrowthandhumanWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheHumanCapitalandEconomicGrowth:theImportanceofUpper-tailHumanCapital.B.EducationandIndustrialization:aPairofMutuallyReinforcingTrends.C.EducationandIndustrialization:theImportanceofWidespreadLi D.HumanCapitalandEconomicGrowth:aConstantlyChangingRelationship.?Isc”—That?sallIhavetotypebeforethesearchenginejumpsto“Iscollegeworthit?”Ihitreturn,andtherearemorearticlesonthisquestionthanevenI,acollege,wanttoread.Pundits(mostofwhomhavehadthebenefitofaliberaleducation)questionwhethersomanyAmericansshouldbegoingtocollege.Pullingtheladderupafterthey?vealreadymadetheclimb,theycan?tseemtoseewhyfuturestudentswouldwantthesameopportunitiesthatthey?vehad.Muchhaschangedinhighereducationinthepastthreedecades.Teachersteachnotonlyoncampusbutalsostudentsenrolledthroughmassiveopenonlinecourses,orMOOCs.Studentsandtheirexpectationshavealsoshifted.Manyundergraduatesnowbehavelikeconsumers,intentonbuildingresumes.Parentsoftenwanttheirchildren?seducationtobeimmediayuseful,andwithadramaticallyshrinkingjobmarket,undergraduatesthemselvesareofteneagertofollowastraightandnarrowpaththattheyimaginewilllandthemthatcovetedfirstjob.Abroadliberaleducation,withasignificantopportunitytoexploreoneselfandtheworld,isincreasinglyseenasaluxuryfortheentitledandscarcelyaffordableinpetitiveThroughoutmostofourhistory,Americanshaveaimedtoexpandtherealmofwhatcountsasaliberaleducation.Inrecentyears,however,insyncwithgrowinginequality,criticshavearguedthatsomepeoplejustdon?tneedabroadeducationbecausethesefolkswillnotbeinjobsthatwilluseadvancedskills.RichardVedder,directorattheCenterforCollegeAffordabilityandProductivity,putsitthisway:“Doyoureallyneedachemistrydegreetomakeagoodmartini?”Thewillingnesstodaybysometolimithighereducationtoonlycertainstudentsortoconstrictthecollegecurriculumtoaneat,instrumentalitineraryisacriticalmistake,onethatneglectsadeepAmericantraditionofhumanisticlearning.Thistraditionhasbeenintegraltoournation?ssuccessandhasenrichedthelivesofgenerationsofstudentsbyenhancingtheircapacitiesforshathemselvesandreinventingtheworldtheywillinhabit.Sincethefoundingofthiscountry,educationhasbeencloselytiedtoindividualdom,andtotheabilitytothinkforoneselfandtocontributetosocietybyunleashingone?screativepotential.ThepaceofchangeinAmericanhighereducationhasneverbeenfaster,andtheabilitytoshapechangeandseekopportunityhasneverbeenmorevaluable.Ourrapidsearchenginescanonlydosomuch:Ifwewanttopushbackagainstinequalityandenhancethevitalityofourcultureandeconomy,weneedpragmatic(實(shí)用的)liberaleducation.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor?sattitudetowardA. B. C. D.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireincollegesorThehabitofcriticalPracticalabilitiesforfutureProfoundknowledgeoftheThetoolsforclimbingthesocialForcritics,abartenderwithachemistrydegreeisanexampleof A. B. C. D.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatAmericanhaveahistory fightingagainstschoolWhichofthefollowingstatementsisAmericanhighereducationchangesmoreslowlythanPragmaticliberaleducationissuperiortobroadliberalPragmaticliberaleducationfailstopushbackagainstAmericanhighereducationischangingPartDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA–Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41–45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)NooneisEffectsofstress—physicaloremotional[C]Lifewithalittlestress—significant[D]Stress—inevitablephenomenonGuilty—useful,thoughmostInstances—noneedtofeelTherearebasicallytwotypesofstresscedonhumanbeings—physicalandmental.Stressfromphysicalactivity,ifnotcarriedtoofar,isactuallybeneficial.Exerciserelaxesyouandmayhelpforgetaboutmentalandemotionalstress.Butmentalstressisalmostalwaysbadforyou.Ifmentalstressisunrelieved,itcanactuallycausediseasessuchasulcers,migraineheadaches,heartproblems,ormentalillness.Whetherphysicaloremotionalinorigin,stresscausesthebodytoreactinthesameway.Inthefirststage,yourbodypreparestomeetthestress.Theheartbeatandrespirationratesincrease,andthepupilsoftheeyesdilate;thebloodsugarlevelincreases,andtherateofperspirationspeedsup,whiledigestionslowsdownasbloodandmuscularactivityisdivertedelsewhere.Inthesecondstage,yourbodyreturnstonormalandrepairsanydamagecausedbythestressfulsituation.However,ifstresscontinues,thebodycannotrepairitself,andthefinalstage,exhaustion,thenbegins.Ifthisstagecontinues,ifforexampleyouarefrustratedbyyourworkandcontinuetobefrustratedforalongtime,physicaloremotionaldamagewilloccur.Thesestagesofstressreactionarealwaysthesame,whetherthestressiscausedbyacross-countryrun,afirstdate,buyingahouse,ornarrowlymissinganauto Probablythemostharmfulofallthestressesisguilt.Thiscommonemotionisusefultohavewhenithelpsustorealizethatwehave,infact,committedsomeerror,violatedourownrulesorsocialrules.Ifwedidnotfeelguilty,wewouldneverdoanythingexceptthethingsthatbroughtusimmediatepleasure—we'dneverobeythelaw,work,exercise,orevenstudyinschool,unlesswewantedtodosointhefirstce.Asa 'sconsciencedevelops,guilt einevitable;guiltisthesorrowweexperiencewhenweknowwehavedonesomethingincorrect.However,manyofusaschildrenlearnedrulesthatwenolongerneed.Fatadultsshouldnolongerfeelguiltyaboutleavingalittlefoodonthete,asuccessfulbusinessmanneednotfeelguiltyaboutspendingalittletoomuchmoneyonavacation,norshouldhefeelguiltythathecancombineabusinesstriptotheWestCoastwithsomeswimmingandgolfatanoceanresort.Butmanypeopledofeelguiltyoversuchapparentlyinnocentactions.Excessiveguiltcansouralloflifeandmakelifenotworthliving;itcanalsocauseself-hatredaswellasotherfearsandanxietiesthatcausealllife'ssuccessestobebittersweet,atbest.Guiltandtheworrythatoften paniesthismajorstressaredifficulttoeradicate