專題01熟悉又陌生的詞匯變形-2023高考英語讀后續(xù)寫備考秘籍-小小單詞大大能量

特殊變形詞不可不會英語最基本的構(gòu)詞法（wordformation）有三種：派生（derivation)、合成(compounding)和轉(zhuǎn)化（conversion)。利用構(gòu)詞法記憶單詞，可以記憶成串，舉一反三。派生詞綴和詞根結(jié)合，或者粘著詞根和粘著詞根結(jié)合構(gòu)成單詞的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)。用派生法構(gòu)成的詞叫做派生詞（derivative)。派生詞的詞綴法是英語構(gòu)詞法中最活躍的一種，在英語構(gòu)詞的歷史上發(fā)揮極其重要的作用。另外，這種構(gòu)詞法也是我們可以發(fā)揮能動性借以擴(kuò)大詞匯量的一種構(gòu)詞法。詞綴分為前綴和后綴兩種。考綱要求考生掌握3000多個英語單詞。因此，掌握常用派生詞的構(gòu)詞方法不僅能幫助同學(xué)們做好語法填空題，還能幫助同學(xué)們擴(kuò)大詞匯量，為同學(xué)們在高考中穩(wěn)操勝券奠定基礎(chǔ)。派生詞之名詞。常見詞綴要記牢，-tion/-sion/-ness/-cy/-ce/-th/-dom/-ty...recognize→recognitionn.認(rèn)可benefit→beneficialadj.有益的explain→explanationn.說明，解釋curious→curiosityn.好奇，好奇心generous→generosityn.慷慨consume→consumptionn.消費；消耗describe→descriptionn.描述，描寫assume→assumptionn.假定；設(shè)想pronounce→pronunciationn.發(fā)音；讀法compete→competitionn.競爭；比賽invite→invitationn.邀請admire→admirationn.欽佩；羨慕；欣賞qualify→qualificationn.資格；資格證書believe→beliefn.信念relieve→reliefn.如釋重負(fù)tend→tendencyn.傾向，趨勢choose→choicen.選擇vary→varietyn.多樣化；種類conclude→conclusionn.結(jié)論decide→decisionn.決定divide→divisionn.分配expand→expansionn.擴(kuò)張admit→admissionn.接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)permit→permissionn.許可introduce→introductionn.介紹respond→responsen.回應(yīng)rich→richnessn.豐富damp→dampnessn.潮濕；濕氣complete→completenessn.完整；完全full→fullnessn.充滿；豐富；完全tired→tirednessn.疲勞；疲倦good→goodnessn.善良，美德Warm→warmthn.溫暖true→truthn.真相2.形容詞變副詞去(1)大部分以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞不去e，形容詞變副詞直接加－lyimmediate→immediately立刻地fortunate→fortunately幸運地entire→entirely完全地，徹底地wide→widely廣泛地absolute→absolutely絕對地；完全地polite→politely有禮貌地；客氣地wise→wisely明智地；聰明地；精明地nice→nicely漂亮地；恰好地huge→hugely很；非常expensive→expensively昂貴地(2)－le結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)閘ysimple→simply簡單地；僅僅gentle→gently輕輕地；溫柔t(yī)errible→terribly非常；可怕地；極度地possible→possibly可能地；也許probable→probably大概；或許comfortable→comfortably舒服地；安樂地(3)以“元音字母＋e”結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加－lytrue→truly真實地(4)特殊情況whole→wholly完全地；全部shy→shyly害羞地dry→dryly干燥地full→fully充分地dull→dully單調(diào)地3.動詞變名詞，去e還是不去e(1)以e結(jié)尾，不去e直接加－mentachieve→achievement功績；成就advertise→advertisement廣告amaze→amazement驚奇agree→agreement同意arrange→arrangement安排improve→improvement改進(jìn)require→requirement要求(2)以e結(jié)尾，去e再加－mentargue→argument辯論；論據(jù)judge→judgment意見；判斷力4.以字母ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加－ally變?yōu)楦痹~specific→specifically特別地；明確地basic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically系統(tǒng)地；合乎科學(xué)地academic→academically學(xué)術(shù)上；學(xué)業(yè)上historic→historically關(guān)于歷史事件，從歷史觀點上說classic→classically古典主義地enthusiastic→enthusiastically熱情地5.后綴－cy(－t/－te→－cy)accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢frequent→frequency頻繁private→privacy隱私；私密urgent→urgency緊急(1)不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)①child→children孩子②man→men男人③tooth→teeth牙齒④foot→feet腳⑤woman→women女人⑥mouse→mice老鼠⑦gentleman→gentlemen紳士⑧ox→oxen公牛(2)外來名詞的復(fù)數(shù)①criterion→criteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)②phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象③bacterium→bacteria細(xì)菌④medium→media媒介⑤datum→data數(shù)據(jù)(3)以o結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加－s或－es①以o結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加－s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)radio→radios，zoo→zoos，piano→pianos，kilo→kilos，photo→photos②以o結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加－eshero→heroes，tomato→tomatoes，potato→potatoes原詞比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleast針對訓(xùn)練用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime._____________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.【答案】Unfortunately2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare_________________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.【答案】unable3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally______________(expect)way.【答案】unexpected4.Iwon'tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis___________(reason).【答案】unreasonable5.Job____________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.【答案】applicantsAllfactsarethesourceof_________________(conclude).【答案】conclusions7.However,most______________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith___________(educate).【答案】scientists;education8.Excellentoralandwritten_________________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof____________(important).【答案】co