光片對應解剖位置及判讀脊柱疾病的征象

RadiographicsignsofdiseasesofthespineEdoardoAuriemma,DVM,執(zhí)業(yè)獸醫(yī)師，歐洲獸醫(yī)診斷影像 認證獸Radiographicsignsofdiseasesofthe Developmental發(fā)育Degenerative退行 Metabolic代謝Congenitalspinal性脊柱疾CongenitalspinalAbnormalvertebralnumber椎骨數(shù)目異Abnormalvertebralshape椎骨異Vertebralmalalignment椎骨排列紊Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralTransitionalvertebrae(sharecharacteristicsadjacentvertebralsegments) Blockvertebrae(fusionadjacent AgenesisoneormoreCongenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralTransitionalvertebra過渡脊Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralBlockvertebrae脊椎分節(jié)不Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralDuetopartialfailureinformationofa由于一個椎骨形成過程中的局部失常導 alfindingsbutcanresultinseverevertebralmalalignment通常是偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是會引起嚴重的椎排列紊Associatedwithscoliosis,lordosis,伴發(fā)脊柱側(cè)凸、脊柱前凸、脊柱后Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralPartialfailureformationvertebralbody:WedgeshapeButterflyshape蝶Partialfailureformationvertebralarch:SpinaAbsenceofvertebralarch椎弓缺Doublespinousprocesses雙棘突Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralWedgeshape楔 Butterflyshape蝶Congenitalspinal 性脊柱疾AbnormalvertebralSpinabifida脊柱Developmentalspinal發(fā)育性脊柱疾Radiographicsignsofdiseasesofthespine脊柱疾病的X光征Developmentalspinal發(fā)育Atlanto-axialsubluxation/instability(smallbreedCervicalspondylomyelopathy(largetogiant-breeddogs)頸部脊柱骨髓炎（大型到巨型品種犬Myelography,CTorMRIarerequiredtoevaluatedegreeofspinalcordcompressionDevelopmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾Atlanto-axial寰樞椎不Agenesis, sia,non-uniondens第二頸椎齒突發(fā)育不全、增生不全、不連Absenceoftransverseligament橫韌帶缺Developmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾Atlanto-axial寰樞椎不穩(wěn)Obliqueradiographsareoftenusefulinthe拍攝斜位片對做出診斷是很有幫助RadiographicsignsX線征IncreaseddistancebetweenlaminaC1andspinousprocessC2寰椎椎板和樞椎棘突之間的距離增Absent,smallorfractureddens樞椎缺失、變小或骨Developmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾Atlanto-axialDevelopmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾Cervical頸部脊柱骨髓Cervicalinstability頸部不穩(wěn)Malformation/malarticulationcervicalvertebrae頸椎畸形\椎間連接不良Vertebral stenosis(staticor椎管狹窄（靜態(tài)或動態(tài)MostcommonvertebraeaffectedC5-第5－7頸椎最常發(fā)Developmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾CervicalRadiographicsignsX-Flattenedandmisshapedcranio,caudo-ventralaspectofvertebraeaffected-DegenerativechangesfacetVertebralmalalignment,narrowvertebral-NarrowintervertebraldiscspacesDevelopmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾CervicalDevelopmentalspinaldiseases發(fā)育性脊柱疾CervicalDegenerativespinal退行性脊柱疾DegenerativespinalComprehensiveofmultiplepathologic多種病理因素的綜合作Arthrosis關節(jié)Infectiousdiseases傳染 sticdiseases腫瘤性疾DegenerativespinalDegenerativediscdiseaseSpondylosisDisseminatedidiopathicskeletalhyperostosis(DISH)彌散性特發(fā)性骨質(zhì)增生DegenerativecaninelumbosacralDiscospondylitisPrimaryandmetastatic Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾DegenerativediscResultofchondroidorfibroidAccuracyofsurveyradiographsindeterminingsiteofintervertebraldiscprotrusion(51-61%)MRI,CT,myelographytoevaluatedegreeofspinalcordcompression使用MRICT,Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾DegenerativediscRadiographicsignsXNarrowedintervertebraldiscMineralizedintervertebraldiscNarrowedarticularfacetjointIncreasedopacityvertebral椎管或椎孔的 增PossiblevacuumDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾DegenerativediscDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾 Smoothlymarginatednewboneformationalongventralandla lvertebralend Completeorpartialvertebral形成完全或部分的椎骨橋alfinding偶然發(fā)Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾UsuallyseeninBoxer,GreatOften alSmoothlymarginatednewboneformationalongventralvertebralbodiesWave-likelinearpatternnewboneformationalongatleastthree-fourvertebraeDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerative“Caudaequinasyndrome”馬尾綜合征AnyconditioncausingcompressioncaudaequinaatLS-Lumbosacraldiscdisease-SacralosteochondrosisDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾RadiographicsignsincludeXDestructionvertebral Scleroticvertebral tes椎骨終板硬Ill-defined,irregularlymarginatednewboneformationalongend NarrowedintervertebraldiscDegenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾 siaPrimaryor 性或轉(zhuǎn)移性Primarylyticchanges(primarybonetumor,multiplemyeloma) Lytic,proliferativeormixedproliferative-destructivepattern(bonemetastasis) Degenerativespinaldiseases退行性脊柱疾 siaTraumaticspinal性脊柱疾TraumaticspinalVertebralfracture椎骨骨Vertebral椎骨半脫位或脫Vertebralinstability椎骨不穩(wěn)TraumaticspinalRadiographicsignsincludeX光征象包Softtissueswelling/subcutaneous軟組織腫脹/皮下氣Vertebralmalalignment椎骨排列紊Misshapedvertebrae椎骨畸Fissure/fracturelines裂隙/骨折Paravertebralbonyfragments椎骨周圍骨性碎TraumaticspinalVertebralluxation(trauma) TraumaticspinalMetabolicspinal代謝性脊柱疾Metabolicspinal Resultsofmultiplesystemicdiseasesaltering:Bonemass骨Boneopacity骨Vertebraldevelopment椎骨發(fā)MetabolicspinalHyperparathyroidism甲狀旁腺功能亢進MucopolysaccharidosisCongenital Osteosclerosis骨硬Metabolicspinaldiseases代謝性脊柱疾OsteopeniaOveralldecreasevertebralbone椎骨 整體降Reductioncorticalthickness皮質(zhì)骨厚度減Doublecorticalline雙皮質(zhì)Vertebralmalalignment椎骨排列紊Pathologicalfracture病理性骨Metabolicspinaldiseases代謝性脊柱疾NutritionalsecondaryMetabolicspinaldiseases代謝性脊柱疾OsteosclerosisOverallincreasevertebralbone椎骨 整體增Increasedcorticalthickness皮質(zhì)骨厚度增Decreasedcortico-medullary皮質(zhì)與髓質(zhì)的差異減Pathologicalfracture(bonemore病理性骨折（骨骼更易碎Metabolicspinaldiseases代謝性脊柱疾Metabolicspin