五年級(jí)【英語】小學(xué)英語閱讀理解的解題技巧

部編五年級(jí)【英語】小學(xué)英語閱讀理解的解題技巧(一)、閱讀理解一般分為故事幽默類、說明、科普類等。1故事幽默類一般前面都在為幽默做鋪墊，只有讀到最后才能顯現(xiàn)出幽默之出來。這類短文一般難度不大，認(rèn)真閱讀，仔細(xì)選擇，問題都可以解決，如WriteaLettertoMary,ADirtyBoy,OntheBus等2小學(xué)的說明，科普類短文都十分淺顯,只要具備一點(diǎn)科普常識(shí)都會(huì)讀懂的，如,Time,theSpringFestival.等,即使文章較長，問題也十分明顯，從文中都能找到答案.同學(xué)可動(dòng)手做做下題：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇答案.1.Samisverygoodatschool,butheisnotclean.Hisfaceandhandsareoftendirty.Hewashesthemwithwateronly.Hedoesnotusesoap@E皂).Samhasanuncle.Onedayhisunclegoestoseehim.Helooksathimandsays,“Sam,Iknowwhatyouateforbreakfastthismorning.”“What?”Samlooksathisuncleandsays.“Eggs”sayshisuncle,“Yourfaceandmouthtellmethat.”“Youarewrong,uncle!”saysSam,“Nottodayoryesterday,butthedaybefore丫0$1?苗@丫前天)!”()(1).WhoisSam?HeisEnglish.B.Heisastudent.CHeisayoungpioneer.DHeisateacher.()(2)What,stheChinesefor“dirty”?A.It,s“臟的".BIt's“干凈的"CIt,s“壞的“DIt's“好的”()(3)What,sonSam,sfaceandmouth?AEggs.BSoapCWaterDBread()(4)Whichoftheseisnotwrong?ASamdoesn'twashhisfaceandhandseveryday.Theunclethinkstheboyateeggslastmorning.CSamdoesn,tlikeeggsatall.D.Samdoesn,tknowhisuncle.(二)、解題時(shí)有以下幾種方法：(1)略讀法：關(guān)鍵是在能抓住文章要點(diǎn)的前提下以個(gè)人最快的速度閱讀，獲得足夠的信息以便準(zhǔn)確地回答有關(guān)文章主旨和大意的問題。要特別注意文章首尾兩段，第一段往往點(diǎn)明文章主題或作者意圖，而最后一段則常?？偨Y(jié)歸納或重述文章的主要內(nèi)容。要學(xué)會(huì)尋找文章段落的主題句，因?yàn)榘衙慷沃黝}句的意思綜合起來實(shí)際上就是全文的中心思想，文章的主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段落中間或結(jié)尾。(2)查閱法：考生可以不需要閱讀整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以閱讀就行。查閱法主要用于獲得具體的信息，即誰、什么、什么時(shí)間、什么地點(diǎn)、什么原因以及如何發(fā)生等有關(guān)或者具體的數(shù)字。(3)同義互釋法：在小學(xué)升學(xué)考試中有些深層理解或者判斷推理的問題可以采用同義互釋法。(4)判斷推理法：有時(shí)4個(gè)題項(xiàng)中不止一個(gè)可以作為答案項(xiàng)，這時(shí)就應(yīng)該意識(shí)到該題是一個(gè)判斷推理題。要根據(jù)文章的主旨和作者的意圖，選擇比較，去偽存真，選出切合文章主旨和作者意圖的最佳答案。(三)、同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲩喿x理解時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題有哪些？1、弄清文章體裁，快速理解文章。對(duì)不同體裁的文章，要根據(jù)其體裁特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用不同的方法快速閱讀，正確理解。記敘文一開始交待人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件，然后詳細(xì)敘述原因。議論文中，作者先提論點(diǎn)，再加以分析，或舉例論證，得出結(jié)論。說明文中，作者先提出說明對(duì)象，然后從時(shí)間、空間、用途、方法、步驟等不同側(cè)面加以說明。2、仔細(xì)研讀首尾句，預(yù)測(cè)文中細(xì)節(jié)。小學(xué)升學(xué)考試英語文章往往隱去了標(biāo)題，這給抓文章中心帶來了困難。然而，英語的寫作特點(diǎn)一般是按，總-分-總”這一思路來寫的。因此，研讀首、尾句，不但可以幫助考生抓住文章的內(nèi)容，還可以揣測(cè)作者的態(tài)度、意圖，從而進(jìn)一步猜出作者著重要寫的細(xì)節(jié)。3、略讀選答，帶問閱讀。做英語閱讀理解題時(shí)，首先應(yīng)瀏覽一遍所提問題及選項(xiàng)，然后帶著這些問題有目的、有針對(duì)性地閱讀文章。4、聯(lián)系生活常識(shí)，及早排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。閱讀理解中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，有時(shí)有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)與常識(shí)或其他學(xué)科中所學(xué)的知識(shí)不相符。我們可先將其排隊(duì)在閱讀中對(duì)所剩下的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行篩選就容易多了。5、解題前要仔細(xì)通讀全文，遇到難解的詞組和句子不要急躁，盡量根據(jù)上下文悟出其義，解題時(shí)要”帶著問題讀查短文”分析判斷，整題解完后要認(rèn)真復(fù)查。6、注意不要改變自己的閱讀習(xí)慣。有的考生先看題目后看文章，有的先看文章再看題目，你平時(shí)怎么練，考試就怎么做。臨時(shí)改變自己的習(xí)慣效果往往不好。其次，看清楚題目是概括中心型還是推理判斷性。概括某一段的中心時(shí)注意這一段的首句和尾句；推理判斷題要注意題目問的是作者的態(tài)度，不是你的態(tài)度。(四)、判斷正誤。對(duì)于閱讀試題中的判斷正誤題，相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但學(xué)生的出錯(cuò)率仍然較大，究其原因，學(xué)生不懂判斷的方法，通常是讀完試題之后，憑著自己對(duì)閱讀文章的大致印象判斷。事實(shí)上判斷試題與選擇、填空的做題方法基本一致，仍需找出試題中的關(guān)鍵詞，帶著關(guān)鍵詞，在文中尋找所需信息，然后仔細(xì)判斷是否與文中信息一致，如一致則正確，，反之錯(cuò)誤。試題：Maryissick,Mothertakeshertothedoctor.首先在試題中尋找關(guān)鍵詞：Mary,sick,Mother,doctor.帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中尋找。由于這是閱讀文章的第一個(gè)試題，所以我們將答案定位于文章的首段，文中：Mothersays:“Mary,Let,sgotothedoctorforacheck.”“Doctor?”saysMary,“I'mnotsick,WhydoIneedtoseethedoctor?，此題與文中notsick信息不一致，所以不正確。最后一題：ThedoctorgivesMaryashot,Itdoesnothurtatall由于是最后一題，信息基本在文章的末斷，我們只需將信息定位于文章的末斷或上一試題信息之后，同樣帶著關(guān)鍵詞shot尋找。文中Marytakesashot,Itdoesnothurtmuch.試題中：nothurtatall與nothurtmuch不相符，所以錯(cuò)誤。練習(xí)閱讀理解：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇合適的答案，將編號(hào)填在括號(hào)里ItisasunnydaythisSunday.IusuallygoshoppingwithmymotheronSunday.SometimesIclimbmountains.That,sfun.ButnotthisSunday.Becausetheweatherreportsaysit,sgoingtorainnextSunday.Ican,tclimbmountainsintherain.Ican,tgoshoppingeither.SoIwanttoreadbooksathome.()1WhatistheweatherlikethisSunday?A.ItisSunday.B.Itisfine.C.Itisrainy.()2WhatdoyoudoonSunday?A.Iclimbhills.B.Igohiking.C.Ireadbooks.()3CanyouclimbmountainsthisSunday?A.Yes,Ican.B.No,Ican,t.C.No,I’mnot.()4DoyougoshoppingonSunday?A.Yes,Iam.B.Yes,Ido.C.No,I’mnot.()5WhatdoyouwanttodonextSunday?AIwanttoreadbooks.BIwanttowatchTV.CIwanttogoshopping.MrBrownlivesinanicehouseinasmalltownwithhis01￡6妻子)，MrsBrown.FromMondaytoFridayheworksinanofficenearhishouse.HeisfreeonSaturdaysandSundays.Hehasanicegardenbesidehishouse.HelikesgrowingflowersandheoftenworksinthegardenonSaturdaysandSundays.TheflowersareverybeautifulandMrsBrownlikesthemverymuch.SheoftenhelpsMrBrown.()1.MrBrownlivesinwithhiswife.A.acityB.asmalltownC.abigtown()2.Heworksdaysaweekinhisoffice.A.fourB.fiveC.six()3.Heisn,tonSaturdaysandSundays.A.freeB.busyC.happy()4.HelikesonSaturdaysandSundays.A.workinginhisgardenB.walkinginhisgardonC.lookingathisgarden()5.MrsBrowntheflowers.A.likeB.doesn,tlikeC.oftenhelpsOnedayMr.andMrs.Whitegoshoppingbycar.Theystoptheircarnearastore.Theybuyalotofthingsandtheywanttoputthethingsinthecar.ButMr.Whitecan,topenthedoorofthecar,sotheyaskapolicemantohelpthem.Thepolicemanisveryfriendlytohelpthem.Justthenamancomesupandshouts:“Whatareyoudoingwithmycar?”Mr.andMrs.Whitetakealookatthecar,snumberandtheyarefrozenthere.Itisn,ttheircar.()1.Mr.andMrs.Whitedrivefor.A.fishingB.shoppingC.business()2.Theystoptheircar.A.attheparkingspotB.neartheseaC.nearthestore()3.Theywanttoputthethings.A.inabigbagB.intheircarC.inother'scar()4.Mr.Whitecan,topenthecar,so.A.theywalkhomeB.theyaskapolicemantohelpC.theycallataxi閱讀理解：判斷下列句子意思與短文意思是否相符，用“T”或“『表示TodayisFebruary3rd.Theweatheriswindyandcold.Igetmanycardstoday.They,rebirthdaycards.They,refrommyfriends.Canyouguesswhy?Iwearmynewredcoatandbluejeans.They,reverypretty.Mymothertakemetothezoo.Icanseemanyanimals.I7mveryhappytoday.()1.MybirthdayisFebruary3rd.()2.It’swindyandsnowytoday.()3.Icanseemanytreesatthezoo.()4.Ihaveanewcoat.It,sblue.()5.Ihavemanybirthdaycards.MynameisTom.MybirthdayisJune2nd.Theweatherissunnyandhot.It,smyfavouriteseason.Onmybirthday,Iusuallyhaveabirthdayparty.Sometimeswehaveapicnic.Tomorrowismybirthday.Iamcleaningtheroomnow.Mymomismakingabirthdaycakeforme.()1.Tom,sbirthdayisonChildren,sDay.()2.It，swarmandsunnyinsummer.()3.TodayisJune1st.()4.Tom,smothercanmakeabirthdaycake.()5.UsuallythereisabirthdaypartyonTom,sbirthday.Hello.MynameisMillie.I'mthirteenyearsold.I'magoodboy.Ioftenplayvolleyballso.I'mfitandhealthy.Forbreakfast,IalwayshavesomebreadandaneggandIdrinkaglassoforangejuice.Isometimeshavericewithfishandanappleforlunch.Ireallyloveapples,because“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway(離開)”.Intheevening,Isometimeshaveaglassofmilkoracupofgreenteaandsomebiscuits.Fordinner,Ioftenhavesoup,meatandvegetables.Ilikevegetablesbecausetheyarefreshandhealthy.Theyaregoodforme.Lookatme!HowtallandstrongIamnow!()1.Millieis14thisyear.()2.Millielikesfootballverymuch.()3.Millieoftendrinksorangejuiceforbreakfast.()4.Millielikesapplesbecausethey,rehealthy.()5.Ioftenhavevegetablesfordinner.二、閱讀理解2.閱讀理解讀短文，判斷下列句子是否正確。I'mKate.I'mastudent.IhavePEandmusiconMondays.MyPEteacherisveryyoung.He'sstrict.Helikesbeef,buthedoesn'tlikechicken.Heoftenplaysfootballinthemorning.Mymusicteacherisyoung,too.She'skind.Herclassissointeresting.SoIlikemusicclassesverymuch.Herfavouritefoodissalad.Sheoftenreadsbooksandlistenstomusicontheweekend.Ilikemyteachers.Mymusicteacheriskind.MyPEteacherisyoung.Katedoesn'tloveherPEteacher.Kateisateacher.Kate'smusicteacher'sfavouritefoodissalad.【答案】(1)1

1001【解析】【分析】大意：短文講述了凱特體育老師和音樂老師樣子，愛好和喜歡的食物。(1)句意：我的音樂老師善良。根據(jù)Mymusicteacherisyoung,too.She'skind.可知我的音樂老師善良。故答案為正確。(2)句意：我的體育老師很年輕。根據(jù)MyPEteacherisveryyoung.可知我的體育老師很年輕。故答案為正確。(3)句意：凱特不愛她的體育老師。根據(jù)Ilikemyteachers.可知?jiǎng)P特愛她的體育老師。故答案為錯(cuò)誤。(4)句意：凱特是一名教師。根據(jù)I'mKate.I'mastudent.可知?jiǎng)P特是個(gè)學(xué)生。故答案為錯(cuò)誤。(5)句意：凱特的音樂老師最喜歡的食物是色拉。根據(jù)Herfavouritefoodissalad.可知?jiǎng)P特的音樂老師最喜歡的食物是色拉。故答案為正確?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了閱讀理解，先翻譯短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子正確或錯(cuò)誤。.閱讀理解讀短文，選擇正確答案。Myvillageisverybeautiful.Therearemanyhousesinthevillage.Nearthevillage,thereisaforest.Asmallriverisinfrontofthevillage.Thewaterinitisveryclean.Wecanseesomefishintheriver.Neartheriver,wecanseeamountain.Someflowersandgrassareonthemountain.IlikemyvillageTherearemanyinthevillage.C.pandasC.nearC.pandasC.nearC.behindC.neartheriverThereisaforestthevillage.A.infrontof B.aboveThereisasmallriverthevillage.A.in B.infrontofThereisamountain.A.nearthelake B.behindthevillage【答案】(1)BCB(4)C【解析】【分析】大意：短文講述了村莊有許多房子，附近有一片森林，前面有一條小河，在河邊，我們可以看到一座山，上面有一些花草。(1)根據(jù)Therearemanyhousesinthevillage.可知村莊里有許多房子。故答案為B.(2)根據(jù)Nearthevillage,thereisaforest.可知村莊附近有一片森林。故答案為C.(3)根據(jù)Asmallriverisinfrontofthevillage.可知村莊前面有一條小河。故答案為B.(4)根據(jù)Neartheriver,wecanseeamountain.可知河附近有一座山。故答案為C.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了閱讀理解，首先通讀短文，理解大意；其次閱讀題干，根據(jù)題干信息找出相關(guān)句進(jìn)行選擇。.閱讀理解讀對(duì)話，判斷下列句子是否正確。Sarah:Goodmorning,John.John:Goodmorning,Sarah.Sarah:Whatcanyoudo?John:Icandosomekungfu.Sarah:Ican'tdoanykungfu,butIcandrawcartoons.John:Icandrawcartoons,too.ButIcan'tplaythepipa.Sarah:IcanplaythepipaandsingEnglishsongs.John:Howwonderful!Sarahcanplaythepipa.Johncandosomekungfuanddrawcartoons.SarahcandosomekungfuandsingEnglishsongs.It'smorningInow.【答案】(1)1(2)10(4)1【解析】【分析】大意：莎拉和約翰在早晨談?wù)摃?huì)做什么事和不會(huì)做什么事。(1)句意：莎拉會(huì)彈琵琶。根據(jù)Sarah:IcanplaythepipaandsingEnglishsongs.可知莎拉會(huì)彈琵琶。故答案為正確。(2)句意：約翰會(huì)功夫，會(huì)畫動(dòng)畫片。根據(jù)John:Icandosomekungfu.John:Icandrawcartoons,too.可知約翰會(huì)功夫，會(huì)畫動(dòng)畫片。故答案為正確。(3)句意：莎拉會(huì)功夫，還會(huì)唱英文歌。根據(jù)Sarah:Ican'tdoanykungfu,butIcandrawcartoons.可知莎拉不會(huì)功夫，會(huì)唱英文歌。故答案為錯(cuò)誤。(4)句意：我現(xiàn)在是早上。根據(jù)Sarah:Goodmorning,John.可知現(xiàn)在在早晨。故答案為正確?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查了閱讀理解，先翻譯對(duì)話，然后根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，判斷句子正確或錯(cuò)誤。.閱讀理解讀表格里的內(nèi)容，選擇正確的答案。NameHobbyTomIloveallthecomputergamesandIplaythemeveryday.Ialsoplaycomputergameswithmyfriendsattheweekend.JackIlikebasketballverymuch.IwatchNBAgamesonSundays.I'mabasketballplayeronourschoolteam.JimMyhobbyissingingsongsandI'mgoodatit.Iwritesongsathomeandsingsongsatschool.Myclassmateslovemysongsverymuch.TonyIspeakgoodEnglish.Istudyiteverynight.IhopeIcanbeanEnglishteacher.(1)__ likesplayingcomputergames.A.TomB.TonyC.Jim(2)—_isabasketballplayeratschool.A.JackB.TonyC.JimJim'shobbyis.A.playingbasketball B.singingsongs C.speakingEnglishJimsingssongs.A.athome B.atschool C.inthemusicroomTonystudiesEnglish.A.everymorning B.everyafternoon C.everynight【答案】(1)A(2)A(3)B(4)B(5)C【解析】【分析】大意：表格里是湯姆，杰克，吉姆和托尼的愛好。(1)根據(jù)IloveallthecomputergamesandIplaythemeveryday.Ialsoplaycomputergameswithmyfriendsattheweekend.可知湯姆喜歡玩電腦游戲。故答案為A.(2)根據(jù)I'mabasketballplayeronourschoolteam.可知杰克是我們校隊(duì)的籃球隊(duì)員。故答案為A.(3)根據(jù)MyhobbyissingingsongsandI'mgoodatit.可知吉姆的愛好是唱歌。故答案為B.(4)根據(jù)Iwritesongsathomeandsingsongsatschool.可知吉姆在學(xué)校唱歌。故答案為B.(5)根據(jù)IspeakgoodEnglish.Istu