2023年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷及答案解析

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）AHighschoolprogramsattheNationalGalleryofArtvaluedepthoverbreadth，exploringoriginalworksofartthroughasinglespecificquestionortheme.

StudioWorkshops

Singlemuseumvisit，2.5hoursGrades9-12

Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries，followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio，wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.

NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthensharetheirresponsesandcomeupwiththeoriesbasedontheirobservations.

Studentswillhavethechancetocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.

MuseumMakersExploringArtandMuseums

Grades11-12

TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience，understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgainaninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10：00a.m.to3：00p.m.

Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.

CreativeWriting

Grades7-12，90minutes

Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhiletheyarelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation，groupdiscussionandpersonalreflection，theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms，includingfree-formpoetry.

Amaximumof30students（minimumof15）willbeacceptedateachsession.1.WhatcanstudentsdoatStudioWorkshops？______A.Getbasictrainingasanartist.

B.Putforwardtheirownarttheories.

C.Discusswithartistsabouttheirworks.

D.Learnaboutartists，inspirationfortheirworks.2.WhatcanstudentsgetfromMuseumMakers？______A.Methodsofhowartworksarecreated.

B.Experienceinrunninganartmuseum.

C.Knowledgeabouthowanartmuseumworks.

D.Academiccreditsforcompletingtheprogram.3.WhichgroupcanattendCreativeWritingatasession？______A.15collegestudents. B.10Grade9students.

C.25Grade10students. D.40highschoolstudents.BIneverimaginedthatsomeonetellingmeIlookedskinnywouldangerme.Andyet，Iwasmadeveryangrywhenacolleaguepinchedmywaistandscreamed，"Rosa，you'velostweight.Youlookgreat."InThetruthisthatIwastiredandnottakingcareofmyself.Idecidedtostartaproperweight-lossprogram.

Thefirsttogowouldberoadrage.Iaminfarlesscontrolofthisweightthananyother.Everytimesomethinggetsinmypath，Iflyoffthehandle.Ineedtolosetheroadrage，andfast!No，nomorespeed.Instead，Inowrepeatthewords："Iamnotinahurry."Thisyear，Iwilldrivesafely，allowing"stupid"tohappenallaroundme.Fromthat，Ihopetogainpatience.

Nextisguilt.Whenguiltdrivesmyconsciencetodobetter，it'sfunctional.Butwhenitpresentsitselfasaninternaldialoguethatgoesnowhere，it'suseless.Thisyear，Iwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepingacleanerhouse，forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends，fornotattendingeverypartybecauseI'dratherbeathome，orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading.Myimageandperformancearenotatthefrontofanyoneelse'smindbutmyown.Fromthis，Ihopetogainfreedomtobemyself.

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearofembarrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiminghigherinmylife.Fearofregrethasledmeintosituationsthatmademeuncomfortable.IfIcanloseanyoneofthesefears，Istandtogainexperience.

So，ifIcanlosetherage，shakeoffsomeguilt，andtakefearoffmyplate，Istandtogainpatience，freedom，andexperience.PoundforpoundIhavenotlostathingbutIwillbemuchlighter.Nexttime，IhopemycolleaguelooksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingtodowithhowgreatIreallylook.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"flyoffthehandle"inparagraph2probablymean？______A.Pickupspeed. B.Driveoff.

C.Feelquitenervous. D.Becomeveryangry.5.Whathasmadetheauthorfeelguiltybefore？______A.Attendingtoomanyparties.

B.Readingmuchwithherchildren.

C.WastinghertimeinwatchingTV.

D.Spendinglittletimewithherfriends.6.Howhasfearaffectedtheauthor？______A.Ithaspreventedherachievinghergoals.

B.Ithasstoppedherfurtheringhereducation.

C.Ithasmadeitdifficultforhertomakefriends.

D.Ithascausedhertoquitherdreamofbeingateacher.7.Whatdoestheauthorexpecttogainfromherweight-lossprogram？______A.Respect. B.Independence. C.Optimism. D.Tolerance.CSixmonthsbeforeshedied，mygrandmothermovedintoanoldpeople'shomeandIvisitedherthere.Theroomwascleanandwarm，andthecareassistantswerekindandcheerful.Ageneralknowledgequizshowwasonthetelevision，andtheonlyothersoundwassnoring.Peoplemovedonlywhentheyneededtobehelpedtothebathroom.Itwasdisappointing.Grandmothertalkedalotabouthowmuchshemissedseeinghergrandchildren，butIknewfrommysisterthattheyhatedgoingtovisitherthere.

SoIwasinterestedtoreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconceptinoldpeople'shomesinFrance.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary—combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidentseatlunchtogetherandshareactivities.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingortellingstoriestothechildren，andifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositon.

Theadvantagesarehugeforeveryoneconcerned.Thechildrenarehappy，becausetheygetalotmoreindividualattention.Theresidentsarehappybecausetheyfeelusefulandneeded.Andthestaffarehappybecausetheyseeanimprovementinthephysicalandpsychologicalhealthoftheresidentsandhaveanarmyofassistantstohelpwiththechildren.

Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyounginanincreasingnumberofcountries.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，familiesthathavemovedaway，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame-increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren，andmoreoldpeoplewhoarelonelyandfeeluseless，alongwithmoreandmorefamilieswithyoungchildrenwhodesperatelyneedmoresupport.Ifsamajorprobleminmanysocieties.

That'swhyintergenerationalprograms，designedtobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether，aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"residents"inparagraph2probablyreferto？______A.Oldpeople. B.Schoolteachers.

C.Assistants. D.Staff.9.Howweretheoldpeopleatthehometheauthor'sgrandmotherwasin？______A.Theyfeltlonelyanduseless.

B.Theyweren'tallowedtobevisited.

C.Theyweren'tlookedafterproperly.

D.Theylivedinadirtyanduncomfortableroom.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisamajorprobleminmanysocietiestoday？______A.Theextendedfamilyisbrokendown.

B.Thereisn'tmuchroomforgrandparents.

C.Workingparentshavenotimetocarefortheirchildren.

D.Thereisn'tmuchcontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.11.Whatwillbeprobablytalkedaboutlaterinthepassage？______A.Adviceonhowtocommunicatewithchildren.

B.Plansforsettingupmorehomesforoldpeople.

C.Examplesofsuccessfulintergenerationalprograms.

D.Waysofteachingentertainmentskillstooldpeople.DMicroplasticpollutionisincreasinggreatlyaroundtheglobe，accordingtoastudyofplasticparticles（微粒）carriedintheair.

Peoplearealreadyknowntobreathe，drinkandeatmicroplastics，andresearchsuggeststhatpollutionlevelswillcontinuetoriserapidly.Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfultolungtissueandleadtoseriousdiseases.

ProfessorNatalieMahowald，atCornellUniversityintheUSandpartoftheresearchteam，said，"Butmaybewecouldsolvethisbeforeitbecomesahugeproblem，ifwemanageourplasticsbetter，beforetheyaccumulateintheenvironmentandmovearoundeverywhere."

Theresearch，publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcadenryofSciences，examinedairborne（空氣傳播的）microplastics，whichhavebeenfarlessstudiedthanplasticsinoceansandrivers.

Theteamgatheredmorethan300samplesofairbornemicroplasticsfrom11sitesacrossthewesternUS.Thesewerethebasisforatmosphericmodelingthatestimatedthecontributionfromdifferentsources（來源），anditwasthefirstsuchstudytodoso.

Theyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactor（因素）inthewesternUS，linkedtoabout85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair.Thesearelikelytoincludeparticlesfromtiresandbrakepadsonvehicles，andplasticsfromlitterthathadbeenbrokendown.

TheresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsarealsolikelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope，SouthAmericaandAustralia，plasticparticlesblownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.

ProfessorAndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna'sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid，"Thestudyconfirmstheglobal-scale（全球規(guī)模的）natureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesagoodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantandconcerningpossibilities，butmoremeasurementdataisneededtogetabetterideaofthesources."12.Whatcanbeknownaboutmicroplasticpollutionfromthistext？______A.Theparticlescandogreatharmtoourlungs.

B.Airbornemicroplasticshavebeenwidelystudied.

C.Ithasbecomethemostpressingenvironmentalproblem.

D.Thereislessplasticintheairthaninoceansandrivers.13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutmicroplasticpollution？______A.Itsresultsdifferacrossmanycontinents.

B.AfricaandAsiaaresufferingmostfromit.

C.Roadsandfieldsarelargelytoblameforit.

D.Itspreadsfastfromonecontinenttoanother.14.WhatshouldtheresearchersdonextaccordingtoProfessorAndreasStohl？______A.Topredictthepotentialdamageofmicroplastics.

B.Tounderstandthenatureofmicroplasticpollution.

C.Toimprovethemethodofcollectingsamplesofmicroplastics.

D.Tocollectmoredatatounderstandthesourcesofmicroplastics.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext？______A.Effectsofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth

B.Microplasticpollutionontheglobalscale

C.Possiblesolutionstomicroplasticpollution

D.Microplasticpollutionrisingquicklyintheair二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）"Lookingup，Ifindthemoonbright；Bowing，inhomesicknessI'mdrowned."WhenIfeomaGladysfromNigeria，firstreadthelinefromLiBai'sThoughtsonaTranquilNight，thegirlfeltthepoet'sexperiencesandemotions（情感）."Ican'thelpbutfeelhomesick，"saidGladys，22，whoisstudyingChineseLanguageandLiteratureatSouthwestUniversity.

Fromthenon，theNigeriangirlfellinlovewithancientChinesepoetry.（1）______Forexample，inLiBai'spoemHardIstheWayoftheWorld，Gladysfelttheambitionandfaithoftilepoet.WhilereadingCaoCao'sAShortSong，shelearnedthatlifeisshortandthusweshouldletgoofthedifficultieswecouldn'tovercomeandvaluethepresent.（2）______Inhereyes，itishowitcantraveloverthemountainsandspreadfromtheancientpasttothepresent，butneverchangeitsoriginalintention，keepingitstruthandemotionalweight.

"Thisiswhatmanypopularnovelsandonlinearticlesareunabletodo，"saidtheNigeriangirl.（3）______Forexample，LiBaiwrote，"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent，morewillturnupagain."About1，000yearslater，Goethe，aGermanpoet，wouldsaysomethingquitesimilar-（4）______"Behindthebeautifulpoems，IdiscoveredthewisdomoftheChinesepeople，thecharmofChineseculture，andtheworldwidebasisofChinesecultureaswell，"saidGladys.

Now，thegirlhopestobecomeaprofessionaltranslator.（5）______

A.ShelearnedChinesecultureandwisdomthroughit.

B.WhatisthemostattractivepartofancientChinesepoetry？

C.ShegraduallyfoundforeignpoemsaredifferenttoChinesepoems.

D.HowcanancientChinesepoetryattractsomanypeoplearoundtheworld？

E.Thepersonbornwithatalentismeanttouseitandwillfindgreathappiness.

F.ShewantstopromoteChinesecultureandconnectChinawiththewholeworld.

G.Butshe'smoresurprisedhowtheculturalqualityofChinesepoetrycanreachaudiencesworldwide.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）Iwassittinginachairhavingcoffeewhenatextmessagefromaformercolleaguewokemefrommydaydreams.

"Doyouwantto（1）______yourrockingchair？"

Itaughtgrades1-2for17years，andmydreamsasateacherweretiedtothatrockingchair.Itwasa（2）______ideatohaveitinmyclass.Everydayafterbreaktime，theclasswould（3）______aroundandlistentothestoryIwasreading.Whenthestudentsareclose，theyfindthe（4）______tosharetheirstories，dreamsandfears.Thechairwaspartofmy（5）______，partofme.

（6）______，Ibecameunwellandcouldn'tkeepteaching.Iexperienced（7）______anxietyandatlastIwasforcedto（8）______thejob.Withmylifeasateacherover，Ineededanewpath.AndIdidn'thavetolookfar.

MyhusbandandI（9）______oneofmyformerstudentsin2017.Thecomplexityofparentingachildwhocametousat9yearsoldchangedourlivesin（10）______ways.Butitinspiredthepartofmethat（11）______beingaparent.Wespent（12）______hoursstayingwithbooks-healing，bondingandsolidifyingourfamily，whichgavemeanewpurpose.

Ijoineda（13）______groupoflocalmoms.Foraboutayear，Imetwiththemweeklyforwalksorcoffee.Wecametogetherto（14）______，andthenIstartedgivingandreceivinghelp，Igavedrivingpracticetoasinglemomwithherlearner'slicenseandreceivedemotionalsupportin（15）______Ialsotookhersononhikesaroundthecity.Anotherwomanencouragedmetobuyastand-uppaddleboardandgavemelessons.

Myfamily，mybooks，（16）______anewpurposeandbelonginginacommunity-thesearefulfillingthesenseofselfIusedto（17）______asateacher.Ilearnedmy（18）______doesn'tneedtochange，I'mstillhonoringthosecore（核心的）values（19）______I'mworkingasateacher.Whataboutthatrockingchair？Ilookedbackatthetextmessage，Myanswerwasno，andIdon'tneedthechair.I'llletitgotoanew（20）______!21.

A.giveaway B.putback C.sendout D.pickup22.

A.ridiculous B.magical C.strange D.simple23.

A.gather B.turn C.look D.run24.

A.excuse B.inspiration C.courage D.comfort25.

A.goal B.job C.furniture D.entertainment26.

A.Unfortunately B.Unusually C.Unbelievably D.Unfairly27.

A.natural B.vague C.severe D.slight28.

A.challenge B.change C.choose D.quit29.

A.adopted B.taught C.rescued D.helped30.

A.flexible B.unexpected C.upsetting D.separate31.

A.imagines B.tries C.enjoys D.considers32.

A.countless B.sleepless C.endless D.speechless33.

A.wisdom B.support C.family D.service34.

A.cooperate B.share C.improve D.learn35.

A.relief B.reality C.response D.return36.

A.finding B.confirming C.accepting D.understanding37.

A.experience B.develop C.train D.prize38.

A.character B.identity C.determination D.sense39.

A.when B.how C.whether D.why40.

A.purpose B.teacher C.position D.parent四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.Fromwritingpoetrytomakingmusic，ChatGPT（1）______（amaze）theworldsinceitslaunchinlate2022bytheUS-basedcompanyOpenAI.ItevenpassedseverallawexamsinfourcoursesattheUniversityofMinnesota，US，accordingtoCNNTheAIprogramcananswerquestionsonalargenumberoftopics，andwriteessays，storiesandanyotherwrittentextsyoucanthinkof.Itdoesthisbydrawingoninformation（2）______（collect）fromalargecorpus（語料庫）oftextdata.

WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressive？AsSamAltman，theCEOofOpenAIsaidinaninterview，"It'snotactually（3）______（fundamental）newtechnologythatmadeChatGPThaveamoment."

AccordingtoMITTechnologyReview，ChatGPTisbasedonalargelanguagemodel.Becausetextsaremorecomplex（4）______themeaningofeverywordcombined，languagemodelsrequireatypeofneural（神經(jīng)的）networkthatcanmakesenseoftexts.

Onebreakthroughbehindtoday'smodels（5）______（be）anetworkcalledTransformer，inventedbyGoogleresearchers.Theneuralnetworkcaninfer（6）______thewordmeansbytrackingwhereitappearsinasentence.Transformercanthereforecollectthemeaningoftextsmoreaccurately.

TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunsupervisedearning，（7）______（mean）thatthemodelscanlearnbythemselveswithoutbeingtoldwhattolookat.ChatGPTcannowgeneratehuman-likeresponsesinstantlydue（8）______thelargescaleoftextsitlearnedfrom.

"Oneofthebiggest（9）______（problem）withChatGPTisthatitcomesback，veryconfidently，withfalsecontents，"MichaelWooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon，UK，toldTheGuardian.ThismeansChatGPTdoesn'tknowthetruthabouttheworld-itlearnsinformationfrom（10）______（variety）resourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，毎句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

TheotherdaymyparentsandItooktriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Asisknown，it'safamousmountainwithdifferentkindofplantsandanimals.Theweatherwasfineandwewereonhighspirits.Itwasaboutnoonwhilewearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Wewereveryexcited.Asweclimbedthemountain，wefeedmonkeys，visitedtemplesandtoldstories.Onthewayup，Iwasbusytookphotossincethescenerywasbeautifulandattractively.Timepassedquickly，andbeforeweknewit，nighthasfallen.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedatthepillow.六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.假如你校正在開展主題為"ThePowerofSports"的征文比賽，請根據(jù)以下要點用英語寫一篇短文參賽。

（1）體育運動的益處；

（2）體育精神的力量。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

ThePowerofSports______________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、C【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。由本文High

School

Studio

Workshops部分中的關鍵句During

the

workshop，National

Gallery

of

Art

educators

will

encourage

students

to

look

carefully

at

works

of

art

and

then

share

their

responses

and

they

will

inspire

students

to

develop

theories

based

on

their

observations.（在研討會期間，國家美術館的教育工作者將鼓勵學生仔細觀察藝術作品，然后分享他們的反應，他們將激勵學生根據(jù)他們的觀察提出理論。）可知，學生在High

School

Studio

Workshops可以做的是提出他們自己的藝術理論，故選B。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文Museum

Makers：Exploring

Art

and

Museums部分中的關鍵句Participants

will

gain

an

insider's

view

of

how

an

art

museum

works.（參與者將獲得一個藝術博物館如何工作的內(nèi)部觀點。）可知，學生能從Museum

Makers：Exploring

Art

and

Museums這里學到關于博物館是如何工作的相關知識，故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文Grades

7-12，90

minutes（7-12年級，90分鐘）部分中的關鍵句A

maximum

of

30

students

（minimum

of

15）will

be

accepted

at

each

session.（每節(jié)最多接納30名學生（最少15名）。）可知，25名10年級學生可以參加創(chuàng)意寫作課程。故選C。

這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了幾個國家美術館的高中課程。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、C【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由本文第二段中劃線詞前面句子Every

time

something

gets

in

my

path（每次有東西擋住我的路。）和后面句子I

need

to

lose

the

road

rage，and

fast!（我得快點改掉路怒癥?。┩茢喑鲎髡哂新放Y，所以每次有東西擋了作者的路，作者就會變得非常生氣。故劃線詞意思是"變得非常生氣"。A．Pick

up

speed.加速；B．Drive

off.開車離開；C．Feel

quite

nervous.感覺很緊張；D．Become

very

angry.變得非常憤怒。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第三段中的關鍵句This

year，I

want

to

stop

feeling

guilty

for

not

keeping

a

cleaner

house，for

spending

time

away

from

my

children

to

be

with

friends，for

not

attending

every

party

because

I'd

rather

be

at

home，or

for

watching

TV

when

I

should

be

reading.（今年，我想不再為沒有保持一個干凈的房子而感到內(nèi)疚，為花時間遠離孩子和朋友在一起而感到內(nèi)疚，為因為寧愿呆在家里而沒有參加每一個聚會而感到內(nèi)疚，為在我應該讀書的時候看電視而感到內(nèi)疚。）推斷出在此之前，在看電視上浪費時間讓作者感到內(nèi)疚。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第四段中的關鍵句The

last

is

fear.Fear

has

held

me

back.Fear

of

failure

has

prevented

me

from

being

a

writer.Fear

of

embarrassment

has

prevented

me

from

giving

an

opinion.Fear

of

rejection

has

stopped

me

from

aiming

higher

in

my

life.（最后是恐懼。恐懼阻礙了我。對失敗的恐懼使我無法成為一名作家。由于害怕尷尬，我不敢發(fā)表意見。對拒絕的恐懼讓我無法在生活中追求更高的目標。）推斷出恐懼阻礙了作者實現(xiàn)自己的目標。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。由本文最后一段中的關鍵句Next

time，I

hope

my

colleague

looks

me

in

the

eye

to

see

my

glow

instead

of

pinching

part

of

me

that

has

nothing

to

do

with

how

great

I

really

look.（下次，我希望我的同事能看著我的眼睛，看到我容光煥發(fā)的樣子，而不是掐我身上那些與我看起來有多棒無關的部分。）結(jié)合上文提到作者想要克服的三樣東西推知，作者期望從她的減肥計劃中獲得樂觀，不再內(nèi)疚、容易生氣和恐懼。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者為了減肥而克服了三樣東西。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

8~11.【答案】A、A、D、C【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由本文第二段中的關鍵句The

idea

is

simple，but

revolutionary

—

combining

a

residential

home

for

the

elderly

with

a

nursery

school

in

the

same

building.The

children

and

the

residents

eat

lunch

together

and

share

activities.（這個想法很簡單，但具有革命性將養(yǎng)老院和幼兒園合并在同一棟樓里。孩子們和_____一起吃午飯，分享活動。）推斷出這個想法把老人院和幼兒園結(jié)合了起來，讓孩子們和老人們一起吃午飯，分享活動。故劃線詞意思是"老人"。A．Old

people.老人；B．School

teachers.學校老師；C．Assistants.助手；D．Staff.員工。故選A。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第一段中的關鍵句Grandmother

talked

a

lot

about

how

much

she

missed

seeing

her

grandchildren，but

I

knew

from

my

sister

that

they

hated

going

to

visit

her

there.（祖母經(jīng)常說她多么想念孫子孫女們，但我從姐姐那里知道，他們不喜歡去那里看她。）以及第三段中的關鍵句The

residents

are

happy

because

they

feel

useful

and

needed.（老人們很高興，因為他們覺得自己是有用的和被需要的。）推斷出作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤獨和無用。故選A。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第四段中的關鍵句Nowadays

there

is

less

and

less

contact

between

the

old

and

the

young

in

an

increasing

number

of

countries.（如今，在越來越多的國家，老年人和年輕人之間的接觸越來越少。）推斷出作者認為當今社會的主要問題是老年人和年輕人之間沒有太多的接觸。故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。由本文最后一段的內(nèi)容That's

why

intergenerational

programs，designed

to

bring

the

old

and

the

young

together，are

growing

in

popularity

all

over

the

world.（這就是為什么旨在將老年人和年輕人結(jié)合在一起的代際計劃在世界各地越來越受歡迎。）推斷出這篇文章后面可能會討論成功的代際項目的例子。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了養(yǎng)老院的老人總是覺得孤獨和不被需要，法國有了一個把老人院和幼兒園結(jié)合在一棟樓里的想法，介紹了這一做法的好處。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D【解析】（1）推理判斷題。由本文第二段中的關鍵句The

researchers

said

that

breathing

in

these

particles

can

be

harmful

to

lung

tissue

and

lead

to

serious

diseases.（研究人員表示，吸入這些顆粒會對肺組織有害，并導致嚴重的疾病。）推斷出這些顆粒會對我們的肺部造成巨大的傷害。故選A。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第六段中的關鍵句They

found

that

roads

were

the

main

factor

（因素）in

the

western

US，linked

to

about

85%

of

the

microplastics

in

the

air.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，道路是美國西部的主要因素，空氣中約85%的微塑料都與道路有關。）以及第七段的內(nèi)容The

researchers

extended

their

modeling

work

to

a

global

level

and

this

suggested

that

while

roads

are

also

likely

to

be

the

major

driver

of

airborne

plastics

in

Europe，South

America

and

Australia，plastic

particles

blown

up

from

fields

may

be

a

much

bigger

factor

in

Africa

and

Asia.（研究人員將他們的建模工作擴展到全球水平，這表明在歐洲、南美和澳大利亞，道路也可能是空氣中塑料的主要驅(qū)動因素，而在非洲和亞洲，來自田野的塑料顆?？赡苁且粋€更大的因素。）推斷出地區(qū)之間空氣傳播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁禍首。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文最后一段ProfessorAndreas

Stohl

of

the

University

of

Vienna's

Faculty

of

Earth

Sciences

said，

"The

study

confirms

the

global-scale

（全球規(guī)模的）nature

of

microplastic

transport

in

the

atmosphere

and

does

a

good

job

in

highlighting

highly

relevant

and

concerning

possibilities，but

more

measurement

data

is

needed

to

get

a

better

idea

of

the

sources."

（維也納大學地球科學學院的安德烈亞斯?斯托爾教授說："這項研究證實了大氣中微塑料運輸?shù)娜蚍秶再|(zhì)，并在強調(diào)高度相關和令人擔憂的可能性方面做得很好，但需要更多的測量數(shù)據(jù)來更好地了解來源。"）推斷出根據(jù)Andreas

Stohl教授的介紹，研究的下一步是獲得更多數(shù)據(jù)，以了解微塑料的來源。故選D。

（4）標題判斷題。由本文第一段的內(nèi)容Microplastic

pollution

is

increasing

greatly

around

the

globe，according

to

a

study

of

plastic

particles

（微粒）carried

in

the

air.（根據(jù)一項對空氣中塑料顆粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范圍內(nèi)大幅增加。）以及下文的對研究的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了微塑料污染越來越嚴重，所以D．Microplastic

pollution

rising

quickly

in

the

air（塑料污染在空氣中迅速上升）作為題目最合適。故選D。

本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了根據(jù)一項對空氣中塑料顆粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范圍內(nèi)大幅增加。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

16~20.【答案】A、B、G、E、F【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文Fromthenon，theNigeriangirlfellinlovewithancientChinesepoetry.（從那時起，這個尼日利亞女孩愛上了中國古詩。）和下文Forexample，inLiBai'spoemHardIstheWayoftheWorld，Gladysfelttheambitionandfaithoftilepoet.WhilereadingCaoCao'sAShortSong，shelearnedthatlifeisshortandthusweshouldletgoofthedifficultieswecouldn'tovercomeandvaluethepresent.（例如，在李白的詩《行路難》中，格拉迪斯感受到了詩人的雄心壯志和信念。在閱讀曹禺的《短歌行》時，她了解到生命是短暫的，因此我們應該放下無法克服的困難，珍惜現(xiàn)在。）可知，尼日利亞女孩IfeomaGladys愛上了中國故事，并從一些詩中了解到了中國文化和人生哲理。A項"她從中學到了中國文化和智慧。"符合語境，承上啟下，下文是對選項的舉例說明。故選A。

（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Inhereyes，itishowitcantraveloverthemountainsandspreadfromtheancientpasttothepresent，butneverchangeitsoriginalintention，keepingitstruthandemotionalweight.（在她眼中，就是它如何翻山越嶺，從古代傳播到現(xiàn)在，但始終不改變初衷，保持其真實性和情感分量。）推知，上文提問IfeomaGladys覺得中國古詩中最吸引她的是什么。B項"中國古代詩歌中最吸引人的部分是什么？"符合語境，引出下文，下文回答了選項的問題。故選B。

（3）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Forexample，LiBaiwrote，"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we're

notmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent，morewillturnupagain.About1，000yearslater，Goethe，aGermanpoet，wouldsaysomethingquitesimilar-（例如，李白寫道："天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復來"。大約1000年后，德國詩人歌德也說過類似的話。）可知，讓IfeomaGladys感到意外的是中國詩歌所表現(xiàn)的東西在晚些時候的西方也出現(xiàn)過。G項"但更令她驚訝的是，中國詩歌的文化品質(zhì)能夠使世界各地的人都明白。"符合語境，下文是對選項內(nèi)容的舉例說明。故選G。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Forexample，LiBaiwrote，"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent，morewillturnupagain.About1，000yearslater，Goethe，aGermanpoet，wouldsaysomethingquitesimilar-（例如，李白寫道："天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復來"。大約1000年后，德國詩人歌德也說過類似的話。）推知，下文應之處歌德說的那句和李白詩歌內(nèi)容相似的話是什么。E項"天生有天賦的人注定要利用它，并會找到巨大的幸福。"符合語境，該句和李白詩歌所呈現(xiàn)的意義一致。故選E。

（5）聯(lián)系上文題?？仗幬挥诙文薪由衔?。根據(jù)上文Now，thegirlhopestobecomeaprofessionaltranslator.（現(xiàn)在，這個女孩希望成為一名專業(yè)的翻譯。）推知，下文應陳述她想成為翻譯的目的。F項"她想推廣中國文化，將中國與全世界聯(lián)系起來。"符合語境。故選F。

這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了尼日利亞女孩Ifeoma

Gladys喜歡中國的古詩，并從古詩了解到了中國的文化和古人的智慧?，F(xiàn)在她