2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合條件）forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities（社區(qū)）.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities（機(jī)會(huì)）ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15ofolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.2019年全國普通高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一考試1/8Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18 B,15-24C.15-29 D,16-17Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?JobsforYouth.SummerCompany.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.BForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y,,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous,“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…"Christripsonthe“-ld,"apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.”,,,Votefor…me…"ExceptforsomStumbles.Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsold.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes,“Ittakesalotforanystudents,"Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.'"Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyoubestqualities,"Whaleysays,"isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”WhatmadeChrisnervous?A.Tellingastory. B.MakingaspeechC.Takingatest D.Answeringaquestion.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles"inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.BadmannersC.Spellingmistakes.D.SillyjokesWecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto .helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsassessstudents'publicspeakingskillspreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsinspirestudents'loveforpolitics2019年全國普通高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一考試2/8WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasteacher?AHumorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.CAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測(cè)量）technologies-likefingerprintscans-tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressuresfingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword”touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytype.Withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likepart.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutcostofe-spaceprotection.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?Computersaremucheasiertooperate.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics. D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學(xué)），Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbycigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.2019年全國普通高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一考試3/8

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikable'play-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,andemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（從事）indangerousandriskybehavior.Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikeandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentssurveys（調(diào)查研究）."Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,"hesaid.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind B.LonelyC.Generous D.CoolA.Unkind B.LonelyC.Generous D.CoolWhatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular. B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills, D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.WhatdidDr.Printein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?Theyappearedtobeaggressive.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Theyappearedtobeaggressive.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon'tFinishLastC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItTheytendedtobemoreadaptable.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”_36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyoucampingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities-thentheairfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutof2019年全國普通高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一考試4/8doors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing（治愈）. 38Intheseplacespatientscangotonearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood（情緒）.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD-butstillprotectyourskin-putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.Freshaircleansourlungs.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Beinginnaturerefreshesus.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They41withthemlotsofwaste.The42mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers（冰川）aredisappearing,changingthe43ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I'm44abouttheplace-otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer"naturalexperiences.However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.ThebestofaKilimanjaro50,inmyopinion,isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare51asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas53gothroughfiveecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather55-lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I56twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland57:gravel（礫石）,stonesandrocks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro60itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftourists2019年全國普通高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一考試5/8ruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.A.keepA.storiesB.mixB.buildingsC.connectC.crowdsD.bringD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.advocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.payingoffB.spreadingoutC.blowingupD.fadingaway50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holdingontoB.goingbacktoC.livinguptoD.givingwayto55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.deserveC.saveD.acquire第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientisthaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚焦)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thattheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題：每小題1分，滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共2019年全國普通高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一考試6/8有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加