Wdebia英語(yǔ)四級(jí)快速閱讀練習(xí)集

Timewillpiercethesurfaceoryouth,willbeonthebeautyoftheditchdugashallow

groove;Janewilleatrare!Abornbeauty,anythingtoescapehissicklesweep

Shakespeare

Passage1

BeautyandBodyImageintheMedia

Imagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women-andtheirbodyparts-selleverythingfromfoodtocars.

Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknownto

faintonthesetfromlackoffood.Women'smagazinesarefullofarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethose

lasttwentypounds,they'llhaveitall-theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer.

Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmore

maturethananyofthemodels?Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficultto

achieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.

Andit'snoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.If

notallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey'reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen's

Healthinits2001report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.

Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuy

beautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween

40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight).Onthe

otherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedto

depression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.

TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfour

college-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol-includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessive

exercise,laxative(瀉藥)abuse,andselMnducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:

theCanadianWomen'sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsas

youngas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemann

andLevinaClarkin2006titled"AppearanceCultureinNine-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluences

onBodyDissatisfaction,indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresult

haveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentof

girls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievethey

areoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.

MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadand

thetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”

UnattainableBeauty

Perhapsmostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmall

numberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,for

example,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbe

toonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywould

sufferfromchronicdiarrhea(，慢才生腹瀉)andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel

(whichmanufacturesBarbie),estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.

Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycan

sufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.In2006itwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomen

wereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.

TheCultureofThinness

Researchersreportthatwomen'smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweight

lossthanmen'smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen'smagazinesincludeatleastone

messageabouthowtochangeawoman'sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.

Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman'sworth.Canadian

researcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesare

underweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegative

commentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies("Howaboutwearingasack?')and80percentofthese

negativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.

Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(才氐制，反抗)thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebec

magazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChatelainehas

pledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld's

biggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin2006.FurthermoreSpainhasrecently

undergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaser

beamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen'sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.

Ethics

Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.A2008studyconductedbyJuanita

CovertandTravisDixontitled"AChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenof

ColorinMainstreamWomen'sMagazines,,foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationof

womenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen'smagazinesfrom1999to

2004.Self-ImprovementorSelf-Destruction?

Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytells“ordinary"womenthattheyarealwaysinneed

ofadjustment-andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.

JeanKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatreal

women'sbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmany

womeninternalizethesestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry'sstandards.Womenlearnto

comparethemselvestootherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyand

desirability"effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

1.Women'smagazinesarefullofarticlestourgewomento.

A)eatlesssweetfoodC)marryarichhusband

B)loseweightD)haveatleasttwokids

2.Thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesgainprofitsby.

A)exaggeratingthegoodnessabouttheirproducts

B)targetingatchildrenandfemales

C)presentinganidealimagedifficulttoachieve

D)distributingfreesamplesfromhometohome

3.CanadianWomen'shealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirls

A)atage5or6C)atage13or14

B)atage9or10D)atage16or17

4.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthatpercentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyare

overweight.

A)35to50C)50to70

B)50D)90

5.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswould.

A)sufferfromheartdiseaseC)liveamorerewardinglife

B)beverypopularwithmalesD)diefrommalnutrition

6.Televisionandmoviesemphasizethatawoman'sworthcanbejudgedby.

A)thecosmeticssheusesC)thethinnessofherbody

B)thejewelryshewearsD)thewealthofherhusband

7.Spainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectto.

A)includefull-sizedwomeninitsfashionmagazines

B)standardizeclothingsizes

C)banultra-thinmodelsfromtherunway

D)promoteweightlossamongmen

8.Inmainstreamwomen'smagazinesfrom1999to2004,wereoverrepresented.

9.JeanKilbourneconcludesthatmanywomenjudgethemselvesby.

10.Thefocusondestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelpto

changethetrend.

1-7BCACDCB

8.overallwhitewoman

9.thebeautyindustry'sstandards

lO.thebeautydesirability

Passage2

AnimalsontheMove

Itlookedlikeascenefrom"Jaws"butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahugesharkwaslowlyswimmingthrough

thewater,itstailswingingbackandforthlikethependulumofaclock?

Suddenlysensitivenerveendingintheshark'sskinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwas

immediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.Withmusclestaut,thesharkknifedthrough

thewateratarapidspeed.Inaflashthesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingits

headbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimandswallowedthem.Soontheactionwas

over。

MovingtoSurvive

Inpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaytheimportantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,in

animalso

Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,

andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotionincludecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,

orwalking.,

Humanshavetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutinjustaboutanykindof

environment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthe

moon.However,fbrotheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsofevolution.Oneof

themostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthatoftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitsprey

hasalwaysimpressedscientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologistsS.A.

Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharksdidit.Intheirstudythescientists

observedsharksswimminginatankatMarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks'

movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle。

SkinIstheKey

Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimafshighefficiencyinswimmingthrough

thewater.Theskincontainsmanyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersarecalled

collagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamountsofenergydependingonwhetherthefibers

arerelaxedortaut.Whenthefibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthestringof

abowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibersbecomerelaxedo

TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswherethesharkbendsitsbody

whileswimming.Duringthebody'sbackandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbody

stretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyisreleasedwhentheshark'sbodysnaps

backtheotherway。

Asenergyisalternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal'sbody,thetailwhipsstronglybackand

forth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimalthroughthewaterlikealivingbullet。

SourceofEnergy

Whatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergy?InfindingtheanswertheDukeUniversityscientistslearnedthat

theshark'ssimilaritytoabeltedradialtiredoesn'tstopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,

too,istheareajustundertheshark'scollagen“radials”.Insteadofairpressure,however,thepressureintheshark

maybeduetotheforceofthebloodpressingonthecollagenfiberso

Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthe

sharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharpangles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjust

swimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantasticinvoluntarychangestake

placeo

Thepressureinsidetheanimalmayincreaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,

enablingmuchenergytobestored。

Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable。

DolphinHasSpeedRecord

Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhasbeenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers(20

miles)anhour.Biologistsstudyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimaPsefficient

locomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin'sskinismadeupinsuchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistance

tothewaterflowingoverit.Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,thewater

flowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminarflow.However,atfasterspeedsthewater

becomesmoreturbulentalongthemovingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown。

Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewavinessofthewater。

Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin'sfolds.Thisallowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyin

alaminarflow.Whereotheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,thedolphincanrace

throughthewateratrecordbreakingspeedso

OtherAnimalsLessEfficient

Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthegreatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyis

theslug.Theslug,whichlookslikeasnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusesso

muchenergyproducingtheslimymucusandcrawlingoveritthatamousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonly

onetwelfthasmuchenergyo

Scientistssaythatbecauseoftheslug'sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.Thatis,the

animalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareasforobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.

Havehumanseverbeenfacedwiththiskindofproblem?

1.Accordingtothepassage,asharkcanusemovementtodosomethingexcept0

[A]tofindfood

[B]toavoidbeingchasedbyitsenemies

[C]tofindanewplacetolive

[D]toshowitsbraveness

2.Examplesofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareusedtoshowthat。

[A]humansarethemostcleverlivingcreaturesintheworld

[B]humaninventionsenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment

[C]humansareverysuccessfulininventingtransportationtools

[D]humanscan'tmovelikeotheranimalsinanycircumstances

3.Whatisthekeytotheshark'sswiftlocomotioninwater?

[A]Theskin.[B]Thetail.[C]Themuscle.[D]Thejawo

4.AccordingtotheDukeUniversityscientists,whendoesthesharkstretchitsI*________Itothegreatest

extent?

[A]Whenmovingitstailrapidly。

[B]Whenfindingitspreyso

[C]Whenstayingwithoutanymovemento

[D]Whenbendingitsbodyinswimmingo

5.Whyistheareajustundertheshark'scollagenfiberssimilartoabeltedradialtire?

[A]Becauseitisalsofullofbloodpressureo

[B]Becauseitisalsofilledofairpressureo

[C]Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressureo

[D]Becauseitalsocanbeusedagainandagain?

6.Alaminarflowisformedwhenafishswims。

[A]slowlythroughthewater[B]rapidlythroughthewater

[C]againstthecurrent[D]atthefastestspeedinwater

7.Consumingtheequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravelaslongasit。

[A]onetwelfthtimes.[B]thesame.[C]12times.[D]1.2times.

8.Asharkfindsitspreyby。

9.Accordingtothepassage,canbecomparedtothestringofabowforbothofthemstore

energywhenstretched<>

10.Whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,takeplace。

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

【全文翻譯】

動(dòng)物的運(yùn)動(dòng)

除了缺少劇情音樂(lè)之外，這看上去就像《大白鯊》影片中的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：一條巨大的鯊魚在水中慢慢地游著，

尾巴就像時(shí)鐘的鐘擺一樣來(lái)回地?cái)[動(dòng)。

突然，它敏感的皮膚神經(jīng)末梢感受到了獵物游動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出的震動(dòng)。瞬間，它就變成一臺(tái)高效致命的死亡機(jī)器。

它繃緊肌肉，快速地在水中砍出一條通道。眨眼之間，它使用強(qiáng)有力的嘴巴咬住了它的獵物，一條大魚。

隨后，它來(lái)回扭動(dòng)著頭，從獵物的身上撕下大塊大塊的肉，把它們吞了下去。很快地，獵食活動(dòng)就結(jié)束了。

為了生存而移動(dòng)

鯊魚追逐獵物的過(guò)程以一種夸張的方式證明了移動(dòng)（或者運(yùn)動(dòng)）對(duì)于動(dòng)物的重要作用。

像鯊魚一樣，大部分的動(dòng)物通過(guò)移動(dòng)來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)食物。他們還利用移動(dòng)來(lái)逃避敵人、尋找配偶、開(kāi)拓新的地

盤。移動(dòng)的方法包括：爬行、跳躍、滑行、飛行、飄浮或者漫步。

借助各種有助移動(dòng)的發(fā)明，人類加強(qiáng)了其移動(dòng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以再任何環(huán)境下移動(dòng)。汽車、火箭、潛艇能把人類

從深海運(yùn)輸?shù)竭b遠(yuǎn)的月亮。然而，對(duì)于其他的動(dòng)物而言，移動(dòng)來(lái)源于數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的進(jìn)化。鯊魚是其中最成功

的例子.它能夠以接近零的時(shí)間快速地捕獲獵物，這給科學(xué)家們留下了深刻的印象。但是，經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的研

究，美國(guó)杜克大學(xué)的海洋生物學(xué)家S.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh和.1.H.Hebrank才發(fā)現(xiàn)了鯊魚是如何做

到這一點(diǎn)的。在研究中，科學(xué)家們對(duì)位于佛羅里達(dá)州圣奧古斯丁海上樂(lè)園泳池中游泳的鯊魚進(jìn)行了觀察。

他們拍攝了鯊魚的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況，對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了分析，同時(shí)也對(duì)鯊魚的皮膚和肌肉進(jìn)行了研究。

皮膚是關(guān)鍵

生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚的皮膚是使它們?cè)谒懈咝в斡镜年P(guān)鍵?鯊魚的皮膚中含有許多纖維，像子午線輪

胎的內(nèi)部一樣交錯(cuò)在一起.這些纖維被稱為膠原纖維。隨著它們的放松或拉緊，這些纖維可以儲(chǔ)存或釋放

大量的能量。當(dāng)拉伸纖維時(shí)，纖維中蓄滿了能量，就像繃緊的弓弦一樣。能量被釋放后，纖維就松弛了。

杜克大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，最大拉伸發(fā)生在鯊魚彎曲身體游泳的時(shí)候。當(dāng)身體前后移動(dòng)時(shí)，彎曲處外側(cè)的

纖維受到強(qiáng)烈的拉伸，大量的潛能被儲(chǔ)存在纖維中.當(dāng)鯊魚朝另一個(gè)方向迅速掉頭時(shí)，這種能量就被釋放

出來(lái)了。

隨著能量在鯊魚身體兩側(cè)交替地儲(chǔ)存和釋放，它的尾巴就像鞭子一樣強(qiáng)烈地來(lái)回?cái)[動(dòng)。這種像皮鞭一樣的

動(dòng)作促使鯊魚像發(fā)射的子彈一樣在水中穿來(lái)穿去。

能量的來(lái)源

是什么讓纖維能存儲(chǔ)如此多的能量呢在追尋答案的過(guò)程中，杜克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚與子午線輪胎

的相似性并不僅僅存在于皮膚上。正如子午線輪胎是由壓力膨脹的一樣，在鯊魚膠原輻射處的下方也有一

個(gè)膨脹區(qū)。但是，鯊魚體內(nèi)的壓力可能來(lái)自于血液壓縮膠原纖維而產(chǎn)生的壓力，而不是來(lái)自于空氣的壓力.

當(dāng)鯊魚緩慢游動(dòng)時(shí)，纖維內(nèi)的壓力相對(duì)較低。卬1鯊魚就能以銳角的角度彎身。在尋找食物

或只是游動(dòng)時(shí)，鯊魚以這種方式進(jìn)行移動(dòng)。但是，當(dāng)它發(fā)現(xiàn)重要的食物來(lái)源時(shí)，一些奇妙的變化就自動(dòng)發(fā)

生了。

鯊魚內(nèi)部的壓力可能會(huì)增加10倍，膠原纖維在這種壓力下劇烈拉伸，蓄積了大量的能量。

接著，這種能量被轉(zhuǎn)移到尾巴上，鯊魚快速運(yùn)動(dòng)起來(lái)，剩下的事情就可想而知了。

海豚是速度最快的紀(jì)錄保持者

海豚是另一種快速的海洋動(dòng)物，這種海洋哺乳動(dòng)物的速度為每小時(shí)20英里。研究海豚的生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，

就像鯊魚一樣，海豚的快速游動(dòng)可以追溯到其皮膚.海豚的皮膚是這樣構(gòu)成的：它對(duì)流過(guò)其身體的水流產(chǎn)

生的阻力很小。通常情況下，當(dāng)魚或其他動(dòng)物在水中緩慢游動(dòng)時(shí)，水流會(huì)平穩(wěn)地流過(guò)與二I種平

穩(wěn)的水流被稱為層流。然而，當(dāng)魚快速移動(dòng)時(shí)，其周圍的水流就變得湍急起來(lái)。這種亂流使摩擦加大，降

低了魚的速度。

海豚的皮膚彈性很大，可以隨著水波的波形而彎曲。實(shí)際上，水波是被卷進(jìn)了海豚皮膚的皺褶處。這樣，

其余的水就以層流的方式從其身邊平穩(wěn)地流過(guò)。其他動(dòng)物快速游動(dòng)時(shí)，由于受到亂流的阻礙，其速度就降

低了；但是，海豚卻能夠以破紀(jì)錄的速度在水中快速穿行。

其他的低速動(dòng)物

并不是所有的動(dòng)物都能像鯊魚和海豚一樣快速地游動(dòng)。在運(yùn)動(dòng)效率方面最大的輸家可能是蠟蝙（鼻涕蟲）。

它看起來(lái)就像沒(méi)有殼的蝸牛，口會(huì)留下一條細(xì)細(xì)的蹤跡。它要使用大量的能量制造粘滑的粘

液，以便在其上爬行。移動(dòng)同樣的的距離，老鼠只需要其所耗費(fèi)能量的十二分之一。

科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，由于姑蛤（鼻涕蟲）利用能量的效率很低，所以它的生活必然受到一定的限制。換句話說(shuō)，

它們都被迫把自己束縛在很小的區(qū)域之中來(lái)搜尋食物和尋找合適的生活條件。人類曾經(jīng)面臨過(guò)這樣的問(wèn)題

嗎

【答案解析】

1.【解析】［D］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題，本題是一種排除選擇題。根據(jù)題干中的中心詞“movementtodosomething”，

可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)題“MovingtoSurvive”下第二段的前兩句話，“Liketheshark,mostanimalsuse

movementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenowterritories”。該

句與題干是一種同義轉(zhuǎn)換，選項(xiàng)A、B和C在原文中均有提及，所以不是正確選項(xiàng)；答案D在原文沒(méi)有提

及，所以是正確答案。

2.【解析】［B］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干考查汽車、火箭和潛艇的例子是為了說(shuō)明什么，其中的“examplesof

automobiles,rocketsandsubmarines”是關(guān)鍵詞,可以將答案定位在文章小標(biāo)題'MovingtoSurvive”下第三段

的前兩句話，“Humanshavetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutinjustaboutany

kindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayas

themoon”,第二句話所舉例子正是為了說(shuō)明第一句話的內(nèi)容，這與B項(xiàng)意思一致，而其它選項(xiàng)在文中均未

提及。

3.【解析】［A］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。分析題干，本題考查鯊魚在水中快速游動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵是在什么。其中的“key”

是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)題“SkinIstheKey”下首段的第一句話，“Thebiologistsdiscoveredthatthe

skinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimal5shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater”,這與選項(xiàng)A完全一

致，所以直接選擇A即可。其它選項(xiàng)在文中均有提及，但是都不符合題干的要求.

4.【解析】［D］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中的“theDukeUniversityscientists”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案定位在小標(biāo)

題“SkinIstheKey”下第二段的第一句話，"TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreatest

stretchingoccurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming”。這與選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容完全一致，所以答案選

D項(xiàng)，而其它選項(xiàng)原文均為提及，為干擾項(xiàng)。

5.【解析】［C］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中“abeltedradialtire”是關(guān)鍵詞，可以將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題“Source

ofEnergy”下第一段的第三句話,“Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,too,istheareajustunderthe

shark'scollagenRadials'"。其中的"justas"和“so”正說(shuō)明了兩者的相似之處在于"inflatedbypressure"，所以

答案應(yīng)該是C。選項(xiàng)A和B是兩者的不同之處，選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

6.【解析】［A］屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“alaminarflow"，所以可以將答案鎖定在文章小標(biāo)題

“DolphinHasSpeedRecord”下,根據(jù)該節(jié)第一段的倒數(shù)第三、四句話，“Normallywhenafishorotherobject

movesslowlythroughthewater,thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminar

flow。題干是對(duì)這兩句話的改寫，所以正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思均不符合“alaminar

的定義，與題干要求不符。

7.【解析】［C］屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。題干中“aslug”和“amouse”均為關(guān)鍵詞，可以直接定位在小標(biāo)題“OtherAnimals

LessEfficient”下第一段的第二句話，“Itusessomuchenergy...amousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonly

onetwelfthasmuchenergy^o題干是對(duì)該句的同義改寫，所以正確答案是C12times,其它選項(xiàng)均與原文內(nèi)

容不符。

8.【解析】feelingthevibrationsofastrugglingprey鯊魚靠感受獵物游動(dòng)的震動(dòng)來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)獵物。

9.［解析］collagenfibers在SkinIstheKey中，第二、三句話，Thefibersarecalledcollagenfiberso

10.【解析】somefantasticinvoluntarychanges在SourceofEnergy中，第二段倒數(shù)第一句話就是本題答案。

Passage3

Work-lifebalance:Waystorestoreharmonyandreducestress

Findingwork-lifebalanceintoday'sfrenetically（瘋狂）pacedworldisnosimpletask.

Spendmoretimeatworkthanathome,andyoumissoutonarewardingpersonallife.Thenagain,whenyou

facechallengesinyourpersonallife,suchascaringforanagingparentorcopingwithmaritalproblems,

concentratingonyourjobcanbedifficult.

Whethertheproblemistoomuchfocusonworkortoolittle,whenyourworklifeandyourpersonallifefeel

outofbalance,stress——alongwithitsharmfuleffects—istheresult.

Thegoodnewsisthatyoucantakecontrolofyourwork-lifebalance—andgiveyourselfthetimetodothe

thingsthataremostimportanttoyou.Thefirststepistorecognizehowtheworldofworkhaschanged.Thenyou

canevaluateyourrelationshiptoworkandapplysomespecificstrategiesforstrikingahealthierbalance.

Howworkinvadesyourpersonallife

TherewasatimewhenemployeesshowedupforworkMondaythroughFridayandworkedeight-to

nine-hourdays.Theboundariesbetweenworkandhomewerefairlyclearthen.Buttheworldhaschangedand,

unfortunately,theboundarieshaveblurredformanyworkers.Here'swhy:

?Globaleconomy.Asmoreskilledworkersenterthegloballabormarketandcompaniesoutsourceormove

morejobstoreducelaborcosts,peoplefeelpressuredtoworklongerandproducemorejusttoprotecttheirjobs.

?Internationalbusiness.Workcontinuesaroundtheworld24hoursadayfbrsomepeople.Ifyouworkinan

internationalorganization,youmightbeoncallaroundtheclockfbrtroubleshootingorconsulting.

?Advancedcommunicationtechnology.Manypeoplenowhavetheabilitytoworkanywhere—fromtheir

home,fromtheircarandevenonvacation.Andsomemanagersexpectthis.

?Longerhours.Employerscommonlyaskemployeestoworklongerhoursthanthey'rescheduled.Often,

overtimeismandatory（強(qiáng)制4生的）.Ifyouhopetomoveupthecareerladder,youmayfindyourselfregularly

workingmorethan40hoursaweektoachieveandexceedexpectations.

?Changesinfamilyroles.Today'smarriedworkeristypicallypartofadual-careercouple,whichmakesit

difficulttofindtimetomeetcommitmentstofamily,friendsandcommunity.

Marriedtoyourwork

Itcanbetemptingtorackupthehoursatwork—especiallyifyou'retryingtoeamapromotionorsomeextra

moneyforachild'seducationoradreamvacation.Forothers,workingmorehoursfeelsnecessaryinorderto

managetheworkload.

Butifyou'respendingmostofyourtimeatwork,yourhomelifewilllikelypaytheprice.Considerthepros

andconsofworkingextrahoursonyourwork-lifebalance:

?Fatigue.Yourabilitytothinkandyoureye-handcoordinationdecreasewhenyou'retired.Thismeansyou're

lessproductiveandmaymakemoremistakes.Thesemistakescanleadtoinjuryorreworkandnegativelyimpact

yourprofessionalreputation.

?Family.Youmaymissoutonimportantevents,suchasyourchild'sfirstbikeride,yourfather's60th

birthdayoryourhigh-schoolreunion.Missingoutonimportantmilestonesmayhannrelationshipswithyour

lovedones.

?Friends.Trustedfriendsareakeypartofyoursupportsystem.Butifyou'respendingtimeattheoffice

insteadofwiththem,you'llfinditdifficulttonuiturethosefriendships.

?Expectations.Ifyouregularlyworkextrahours,youmaybegivenmoreresponsibility.Thiscouldcreatea

never-endingandincreasingcycle,causingmoreconcernsandchallenges.

Sometimesworkingovertimeisimportant.Ifyouworkforacompanythatrequiresmandatoryovertime,you

won'tbeabletoavoidit,butyoucanlearntomanageit.Mostimportantly,saynowhenyou'retootired,when

ifsaffectingyourhealthorwhenyouhavecrucialfamilyobligations.

Strikingthebestwork-lifebalance

Formostpeople,juggling（巧妙處理）thedemandsofcareerandpersonallifeisanongoingchallenge.With

somanydemandsonyourtime—fromovertimetofamilyobligations—itcanfeeldifficulttostrikethisbalance.

Thegoalistomaketimefortheactivitiesthatarethemostimportanttoyou.

Herearesomeideastohelpyoufindthebalancethat'sbestforyou:

?Learntosayno.Whetherit'saco-workeraskingyoutospearhead（充當(dāng)先鋒）anextraprojectoryour

child'steacheraskingyoutomanagetheclassplay,rememberthatit'sOKtorespectfullysayno.Whenyouquit

doingthethingsyouonlydooutofguiltorafalsesenseofobligation,you'llmakemoreroominyourlifeforthe

activitiesthataremeaningfultoyouandbringyoujoy.

?Leaveworkatwork.Makeaconsciousdecisiontoseparateworktimefrompersonaltime.Whenwithyour

family,forinstance,turnoffyourcellphoneandputawayyourlaptopcomputer.

?Manageyourtime.Organizehouseholdtasksefficiently.Dooneortwoloadsoflaundryeveryday,rather

thansavingitallforyourdayoffAweeklyfamilycalendarofimportantdatesandadailylistofto-doswillhelp

youavoiddeadlinepanic.Ifyouremployeroffersacourseintimemanagement,signupforit.

?Getenoughsleep.There'snothingasstressfulandpotentiallydangerousasworkingwhenyou're

sleep-deprived.Notonlyisyourproductivityaffected,butalsoyoucanmakecostlymistakes.Youmaythenhave

toworkevenmorehourstomakeupfbrthesemistakes.

?Communicateclearly.Limittime-cons