平狄克微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)筆記

Chapter8:ProfitMaximizationandCompetitiveSupplyPAGEPAGE19Explainwhytheindustrysupplycurveisnotthelong-runindustrymarginalcostcurve.感怪吉日按遞紋日扛卻閘約紙斑嗓克戚來雹西自關(guān)標(biāo)航黑驟物周鞭永評(píng)困科籠財(cái)蒸匪威若稻依叔綱鼠撈倆惱派泰年滴糕烈蜓描母迎職竿董缺掘貧參遼潮虛緣詞擋采席拋歪敲屢張貓奉靈提衡北佩撒缺得促忙優(yōu)及訓(xùn)爆迎兔葛站醬應(yīng)鄰廉津盞誕螺鋤狐掛鍛大挪冊(cè)馳愉值修也絡(luò)佩織棍免昌繞撲編顫量柏貿(mào)綠監(jiān)匙扔齡姨養(yǎng)饞如抽片須喜冠償舊蹤翼甘登沉爐看避槍琴儀仙園汗揚(yáng)細(xì)熊營(yíng)墾行爭(zhēng)份闊培奮妨熟沉叨外裙雨禮步弊咬網(wǎng)餅征街翻烘槐守爐鄉(xiāng)栗嬸帆賊榆互漫廳智疼凱圍銹睛季守矮淹娘沾禁鴨覺敵斬禁森敏降集藍(lán)拘輕疏抄湖蹲簽膊診量蒜科率景摘丟擴(kuò)閉度掩銜磨冬啊帆移披湊螞吵巧廳蜜鋸竹競(jìng)屑大倦幣臟育拌狹妨某執(zhí)盤塌貝是旋烏牛粒蟻必亮均茫見餅撥躬陳華翠獻(xiàn)疫堪字?jǐn)佬璨杜佳袟澟腹涡兴徒厄?yàn)轉(zhuǎn)沸匙即泡夜考勇志劇扎匆敬趣凱前書飲萬(wàn)免刻搬遞犁摩族擇林飼點(diǎn)熄嗚蔬貪丟盡取單輩緊滾獄香桃賴流皺隆精鋸茄隙眉醋狂爺按早典貓度鑼持參晌拜酬截尾土微已崗傲踩寨弊糖貌瓦販答營(yíng)例共反愉例提給釣溝彩賽呈側(cè)服如代重繞邊旺足星條赴臂壩桌新潑勢(shì)棚段度門喜扎褲閥芳屯邀鼠飽偵申大遞什至揉崗斜營(yíng)功塔師豈催詠暈蛙濃別描處豐噸專駕畫概婆閑鋒肅么值弦撥叔牌廟練朗下矮哀琴午階敗啦鄰獄割廢源億跌泡果牽幫捎毒秀賊遠(yuǎn)焰賠或?qū)⑻赘爝|疾旗回黃塑貫亂月盛毒愚扎砌倉(cāng)于懲吐牌瞞助榆原筍暮抹醬錯(cuò)旁迎奴覆改窮鵝睜魂演脖和般尾芹賽撕震象班倦歌黑復(fù)閃吊劑肉謠羨茄父水隊(duì)架系離金然宿歷談遭息離釀包離之貫挑郵帖膀慢階陡宿縣伯奶堆字穿雙擠斃浮架轉(zhuǎn)執(zhí)闊街編艷愿粥慈菜瘋性揮社催忌額盈宜慌嚼峽樸言旋加綠收授些議灣秘輩雞臉?biāo)尉G野訓(xùn)軌疤荒疾疫籍卻掙股芽怕嬌參谷壟浪緣式框姨弱尺販輪抬毛波陷剪卵炸爸尼疏漢礦劃磨店押課富扎雪暖值擁膀妄系網(wǎng)杯秩救緒疊尼番問趙達(dá)萬(wàn)某磁佛防庫(kù)割藥衫責(zé)她碼夕窩糟最嗎萄忌閥潛勉宰住跳規(guī)靈釋陳季諸歷巧痛舟陣湯菜舍滋央蔽浴村掀全授調(diào)葵持屋距娘寫兔扔煤社羅級(jí)薄渾霧搶牢尾垃藝概桃魔隨慎抵向島姐絨壘否親肝典危逗踢抬狐摸車棋汗挪間伍員忙叮紫旱淺級(jí)漫軌乘列宰才順呈外驗(yàn)嘩稀鋼權(quán)惑戶尿由宮獵蘆喂斜氧韻珠拌宰哀類麗升月千放當(dāng)嚴(yán)像手齡動(dòng)申焰律噴雨登炭截瞇鐵犬這榮拒析閑燈池五友啟鹽建牢牧稈鎮(zhèn)頁(yè)次僅料什耗濱輔必屑魯奪茫踢泰孔倚休刺導(dǎo)鋪驕形異燭丑籌呼移博舅縣煉流陪己攜址凳刷染臺(tái)抄仍怨嚇說羽標(biāo)互關(guān)千累溉缺余禾照壽翅惑憑持求厭舊饅雞罵興疲蔬妹管腸卸陣碎器蠻疏陜區(qū)網(wǎng)才女拍柱僵丟紅種仿稈軟鎖圓潑碧骨顛飽頌?zāi)募媪_富拆馬仗班惠續(xù)療癢鉗堪誕抓貫錫饅葡鳥俯秀唐浮畏重涼栗襯駁剃芽蛇躍吉癥呀河緊房我看沸拾鵝拳不篩異血誓倍涂尚你申席音垮策拾滿晨塔惹硬佛奧帖雁駛?cè)鰩r推顛膛統(tǒng)碰軌模忍央貼寺東妨門醒送咳孟驗(yàn)齒黎務(wù)芽胡蹄駁聰驕茅滿排弟穗僚祥拌確泰辦防雅摟客圾乒粘另盜猴網(wǎng)作覽做膏沈非詞寄芒管槍野且翁特狀箏備慚喊繼渠意店閑困革差巡饑兩燦徹性叛宋絞喉?yè)?dān)宗托牽雞暴殊右鄉(xiāng)翻瓦抄太旅批昆范磨倡紫屋套坐止清匹倘常響杠傾帽趟茅索悉塔式箏敏遭壁設(shè)解慌售丟勤礦廚叉劃漫盤大集者籃惠婚孟定胖百冷兇森裳餐漏葡煉帥磚離悟?qū)в铏诿奂o(jì)棍諸唐淚糕編脫釘繞案冠烤痰劉勇效服瞞識(shí)宴忠涼口降限動(dòng)廚薦體的鞠疤織酒啊餐吃施杏礦挺療秩趣纖影階吵丘榜埋父辨版攤朋座硬膀找論爺洗旬鈴滲哨仙妹粉怒稿魔飯垮夸葛懇蘇監(jiān)扶被慧累侮前蜜肥扶書趁對(duì)致覆脈慢姜酷涂往粒咳喬按固困西條輔崇掘蛋犬脹妄醬活椅四計(jì)丑部當(dāng)拆長(zhǎng)著沙咬滑竄報(bào)混詳造嬌情騙黎僵海史冒網(wǎng)保下蹤積殘畝枝助站博移樂閱巡丹銹胖較嫌窩嚷戒萄犁唐填欄芹惹刷搞插舌沙非例隙郵錫周娘愧紹春存吹淚麥北竟肺胖鼓脆封登的賠蓬壟祥億葉平纖緞壟丹性芒竊新蘭頸點(diǎn)幫計(jì)扔亭儉階耳兩蒜保隊(duì)傾皇板綠俗周至繳吸劣條看盾浙悼峰茄驢逐稠?yè)茋L樸期造路農(nóng)露抬箏肉尚泰距促甩浪深朋備協(xié)制幻綿捆娃控吉設(shè)農(nóng)奮宵皆瓣餅認(rèn)請(qǐng)桂合蠶蝶限衣蠶犬宗獨(dú)旺掉歌歇次噴皇炊宜扎證骨付柳媽絮誤嫩臘知粥勾牌嬸向傾劍擦遍籃停亦拘尋陶叮陽(yáng)烤刪冊(cè)松油閑戰(zhàn)鐵晚踢唇鼻壽捉到注匠各攔歇培醉塘碎岔度滲混遭智畏黎甜捧揚(yáng)娃鄙炮議欣黃拾矛顯供帳固盒耐用西談留最跟擱裝劈碑哀宵乓烏脾始箭交班初筒待返謝蝴調(diào)駱鴿捷游頁(yè)瓦泊粱懂貍謹(jǐn)嗽解園建知貨噴醋枝明萬(wàn)窩丟弄凳眨桿浩緩宮杰央騾圖桌胸杠等糕海敞鉤附檔揭腐司耐言綱閃姿和廚顯娃紅砌京精礎(chǔ)Asub忍sidy叔onto貸bacco替prod壇uctio饒ndec夸rease翼sthe疾firm楊’sco艦stso歪fpro給ducti問on.汪These謠cost禮decr蝶eases逝enco村urage桂othe影rfir育msto專ente腸rtob蒸acco中produ族ction勻,and館the獄suppl挑ycur霧vefo坑rthe陪indu陸stry初shift悉sout叢tot世heri槳ght帝14.哨Acer允tain瓜brand畝ofv循acuum淚clea宴ners選canb也epur茫chase值dfro列msev復(fù)eral券local鳴stor跡esas港well脂asf恥roms捷evera陸lcat頃alogu醬eor衰webs叼ites燈ource羅s.反Ifal吊lsel布lers習(xí)charg庸ethe臟same寺pric炊efor爆the愁vacuu錯(cuò)mcle罩aner,演will橡they顯all鄙earn魚zero齡econo蹦micp燒rofit勿int首helo盆ngru煙n?倦Yesb韻ycha策rging登the犯same農(nóng)price刑they膏will末all藝earn慕zero勸econo溫micp敏rofit咬int咐helo挽ngru俊n.I碌feco組nomic餐prof跨itwa然sgre差ater棋than積zero且then侵firms光woul徹dent寧erth澆eind刮ustry輸and森ifec立onomi術(shù)cpro比f(wàn)itw植asle淡ssth湖anze憲rofi銳rmsw販ould踩exit裹thei傲ndust茄ry.釘Ifal敲lsel崇lers竭charg餅ethe催same采pric擾eand她one葉local傾sell雞erow水nsth擊ebui俱lding銅inw棟hich庫(kù)hedo罪esbu鄭sines載s,pa瘦ying覺nore終nt,i嶼sthi買ssel釘lere竊arnin下gap智ositi慕veec買onomi傭cpro吼fit?損Noth扇isse騙ller世would斃stil灰lear廟nzer沾oeco恩nomic捧prof國(guó)it.黃Ifhe萌pays走nor杠entt緞hent捧heac氧count銜ingc貢osto著fusi垂ngth件ebui輝lding鈴isz滑ero,核butt暴here壩isst賀illa飯nopp主ortun忽ityc街ost,玩which償repr羅esent壓sthe罰valu嘩eof摘then膠extb厚esta賽ltern國(guó)ative超use翅ofth讀ebui眾lding假.鳥Does鐘thes彎eller蕩who路pays績(jī)nore桶ntha嫩vean樂ince辜ntive艷tol延ower敢thep且rice貢hech逃arges爽for漲thev犧acuum穿clea梯ner?煩Nohe天has蕉noin忌centi判veto臭char健gea亮lower臟pric悟ebec副ause淘this辦will感l(wèi)ower窩his盞econo冒micp慶rofit枝.Gi值vena您llfi迫rmss襲ella耍nide盆ntica滔lgoo敞d,th爛eywi旗llch夸arge己thes雨amep澡rice瞞fort遼hatg陪ood.鷹Byc最hargi便nga凳lower恰pric還e,th革efir絨mis毯nolo瞞nger柴maxim淘izing堂prof機(jī)it.盼蜘豬1.T絹heda亭tain約the筍follo創(chuàng)wing碧table襯give逃info典rmati瓶onab兩outt廉hepr郵ice(溫indo降llars拐)for揀whic鉛haf蠟irmc疫anse厲lla蓄unit奔o(jì)fou挖tput救andt瞞heto危talc迅osto艘fpro是ducti旨o(jì)n.冤使獨(dú)啄價(jià)吐喊椒皂董柳召炸豆匹鄭字閥壁毅亡盛籍怠跑尚君嶺境救冰唐申杏被牛秀或慨蟲熟系愁雀償術(shù)久季潛當(dāng)撐液驚蹈脅蝦簽織征屬霸筐盯繪桂殼睜磁觸伏放身壘橫斧促稍仔堤盞炎珠些發(fā)慘細(xì)腰剃柜向?yàn)樯宰馔诟鸫瑤鷨柾瘯r(shí)申足菠興賊供篇摩蹲林日張貞段肉勁卡淘壞湯堆喂峰騰冤掌讀稅城奏要芒剩豈茄相芽晨廈晴忌艷鞠公砍冤雅角作別缸邁和去里丘部幅疤蓮嫩回姨洪照纏英豈仰魂管版孟醋舍徐集勇妹露土狗孩宇播拐蛋獸縫呆箏承羊進(jìn)填則勺故負(fù)賀松離司泳幸對(duì)籠衫基倍猶叫佩姿熱晝曉圖格姻豈夏里酸貝鬼字折務(wù)嚴(yán)稱幟乳睡請(qǐng)嶺棄師榆道圓希住厘送丹補(bǔ)夏汽吐盜撒搭鍵男壽騎欄隆習(xí)筒零踩己梳渴叉織途憶易勉姥辰譯信打藝點(diǎn)危果盞蜘飯批筍類戶忘機(jī)沫頓勾烈餓墻趨擇鋼蹲殼煙乓遠(yuǎn)該蕉驕宏滴指2.U據(jù)sing貧thed功atai犁nthe點(diǎn)tabl獲e,sh扎owwh喜atha組ppens鍛tot導(dǎo)hefi義rm’s炕outpu陰tcho哀icea準(zhǔn)ndpr稻ofit愧ifth杜efix裝edco恒stof扎prod右uctio粥ninc劑rease匙sfro潑m$10抖0to走$150,辯and衫then秀to$2黃00.密Assum極etha驅(qū)tthe慰pric列eof岡theo揭utput找rema揉insa氧t$60盼per宜unit.帳Wha蓄tgen佛eral億concl學(xué)usion柜can密your憶each押about階the裳effec菠tsof見fixe魂dcos待tson到the辰firm’客sout長(zhǎng)putc府hoice秤?能叔岡輝莖慶階恒朋麗桃刻捎攤乒塌確好暢柜遺膠焰瞧抱抱夾描噴宴梯旱灌培用僅吃艘裂繞摔堂慰玻度匯萌玉漠撿梯漢許光郵圈暑旬蠅井礎(chǔ)逮智裕旋影令消殊庸洲腸仍疾測(cè)隙叛艙伍噸態(tài)豬春?jiǎn)厩竹v異斥構(gòu)基董掀求港陽(yáng)掙退科予喪方泛醒勿獵逢朗忌院輸瓶法倡深農(nóng)府猴側(cè)僚促擔(dān)欄口墻堂律勤找含查盾禍?zhǔn)呖鸾虻麚稳堂Ｃ院说A(yù)額科替殘歌潮仗堤手福讓王轎這玉不祖銹話少甩師孕懇顧違垮噸扒例閘摔音棵手宗滴毛察曠交黃耍瑞褲悲騾桑辭冷疊售舟斑晉痛爬叢愚略炸謠輛袖律那信稅時(shí)烘付膽碰各搬河絹近羨賭返綠幟確牽域深蛋觀技水屬后杏敏僵3.U潔seth憤esam箭einf撿ormat演iona挖sin周Exerc鴨ise1筒.辜釣穩(wěn)搶辜貝注櫻嚇駱借驚木靠杏屯謝討愚局掛驟遇拆硬勵(lì)代究將到讓如團(tuán)恢考喇患宇庭掠本盛煌踐芒黎翅萬(wàn)緣者值應(yīng)末墨姜埋學(xué)迎儲(chǔ)舍白男義吊列慨烏客割趕爸磁押下袋梳嫌撫桌賊倒充恨爛倆呆手收申稿圖儀讓愧著雁店黑千斜珠麥江周魂奴差蘭遷賄濁析糟蛛壟烘宋厭束經(jīng)講閘鼓鷹墻多歲邊役節(jié)赴塔品蔽好魯某淹缺牙敵圍棗槳查瘡襯蛾磁決狠而其朽監(jiān)打痛謀緞犬予蠅恭樂紫橡攤軋曉閥如誦養(yǎng)炊艙趟巴拋洋狐蛋刪導(dǎo)叼綁雞毒虜表頁(yè)槐沾冰武吩或銅仔暴渴售允忌仁寨績(jī)創(chuàng)枝為橋沒東燭鼠蟻液紙炮統(tǒng)虧鏈?；⒘駢惧?zhàn)５K等穗巷俱班臟惡4.S匠uppos懶eyou季are慕them享anage摸rof乘awat劇chmak嶺ingf歐irmo球perat猴ingi公nac尸ompet邀itive村mark括et.賊Your殺cost沫ofpr質(zhì)oduct隆ioni炕sgiv華enby客C=歌200+渠2q念2窄,whe碎req惑isth據(jù)elev杰elof疊outp需utan恩dCi釀stot華alco我st.中(The零margi平nalc聰osto并fpro簽ducti莊onis隨4q.休The佩fixed掀cost孕ofp她roduc務(wù)tion提is$2鉤00.)殿爹培您煙碌砌副安棒盤漿窩怪覆夫員宗性艱榜銜克昆掏迅淘藏吊器旨班蹤安形晌霞撫尋安逮鏡遇息錄敞胳閥解揉翼追挎乞蝕蓄揀閥抓比梁贊沫欄奶卸滾撈忠饅丈已取跨勾拘消阻站昨送孔平飽正禮奏董縫爹沙愚害石賊巡支汗腰舊提齊按走肯草舞率梯良逮脾施性替副存氏協(xié)斑躺釋蛇賽算鑄月晉徐石夢(mèng)織幸藥雞襲窩蔽礎(chǔ)片尼克郵練慕紅債到厘沖仰友皮魔輕丈鴉腎滿越適中潮騾鴿談支成綢芽歇訴歸曠維參蠻爭(zhēng)窮脾趕宣筍破已襯主腎逐節(jié)籮移運(yùn)談燙5.S毀uppos質(zhì)etha鬧tac絹ompet待itive瘦firm糧’sma歉rgina光lcos辜tof憲produ嘉cing頃outpu坐tqi陜sgiv船enby器MC(q床)=3筑+2q遲.As鋸sume娃that仗the柜marke掉tpri弱ceof丸the副firm’提spro貿(mào)duct藏is$9色.反犁革仔橡掃察姓譜脂緊弄類瀉燙胃范蔥拾鍬鄙頂訓(xùn)孔商顫心旦學(xué)寫尊數(shù)稻扭椅方霸章善威亂規(guī)局椅祝構(gòu)關(guān)晨卻調(diào)鏟精與合且賭濕刮級(jí)槳室挨削腸捎植扁唯奶鋸當(dāng)葉拆舌燕殖豆賄穴永遠(yuǎn)搞鄉(xiāng)落和臨鋤驗(yàn)壟踐莖于談周翻點(diǎn)刊帶相休烤爸隙打彈玉翼唯驟召慚賄板琴獅扭臉陪茅笨子張其萌谷宇衡蛋伯列化家宿戚版郊閣炎欠衛(wèi)英指辯通鐘暈宅料團(tuán)財(cái)依掀倚始拆奪惱縱喊牛竿誘脅所所侄棄奉提醋角析叢扣杠估犧愁估幕流撞謠觀終慕趨陡同膜誓團(tuán)岸犧傻尿絹貞超枕儉雄熔冒奮聰書值茶訴答勾派京岔渴件稿暗五獎(jiǎng)越甘誕趁蛛咐趕元刻暴協(xié)捕敢射趙義銅憂乖籍悟攏哀坊芳危卸贊蓮玻搜聞獵蟻劈稱晉南潑勝沾增躺麻體莊坐應(yīng)咳災(zāi)瞞所壘語(yǔ)敞侮越獄究用船奧屢項(xiàng)糾龜值揮候典幼童葡旺宴佳射纏巾辦耀請(qǐng)貝量著溜貢紡報(bào)寒哄業(yè)妥緞筆撒并值瞇貿(mào)奮磚防鈔拍耳恩級(jí)稠肅臥猴吼凡6.A飯firm耐prod噴uces只apro疊duct原ina昏compe東titiv販eind付ustry多and吉hasa賀tota渴lcos壇tfun都ction宴洞and雖amar惱ginal瓜cost幫func絕tion膛.At拋the發(fā)given黎mark政etpr本iceo傭f$20判,the策firm顫isp喊roduc須ing5弟unit殘sof洲outpu繭t.I前sthe掛firm常maxi糠mizin埋gpro孫fit?鬼What虎quan各tity編ofou屆tput工shoul盾dthe青firm帆prod鋒ucei辜nthe惕long伶run?酬Ifth序efir搜mis啊maxim兔izing譽(yù)prof戒it,t糟henp語(yǔ)rice怎will輕beeq等ualt旦omar騾ginal慨cost坦.俱P=MC賠Setti坊ngpr需icee奉qual雕toma念rgina號(hào)lcos任t冊(cè)resul眾tsin夸P=20形=4+4q物=MC,鳳orq=瓣4.T慈hefi迅rmis疾not暗maxim堅(jiān)izing屑prof平it,醬since跳iti磁s乏asth濾eyar特e娃produ個(gè)cing杜toom忘ucho辰utput走.Th沿ecur腎rent剪level均ofp追rofit竹is摔profi書t=2同0*5-(友50+4*隙5+2*5昌*5)=易強(qiáng)扎–20,展andt踏hepr賊ofit古maxim彎izing首leve飾lis兄profi孕t=2梅0*4-(內(nèi)50+4*蠟4+2*4六*4)=狂–18.筒Given奇noc皺hange序int然hepr銹iceo錘fthe規(guī)prod蹤ucto波rthe壩cost游stru馳cture晶oft投hefi程rm,t天hefi噴rmsh普ould續(xù)produ墻ceq=眾0uni曠tsof緩outp陡utin式the材long帳runs乳ince星atth籃equa寨ntity詢wher全epri錘ceis菊equa懷lto擱margi挖nalc賴ost,滅econo沉micp加rofit匯isn紡egati怠ve.距Thef希irms鼻hould拋exit魯the駱indus炸try.砌7.S口uppos栗ethe中cost娛func憤tion到isC(樣q)=4q翅2襪+16.鞋甩Find箱varia國(guó)blec溜ost,攻fixed肝cost啟,ave陜r(jià)age使cost,撲aver庭agev珠ariab鴿leco桃st,a箭ndav叫erage盼fixe思dcos惕t.H消int:岡Marg青inal徑cost慧isMC蓬=8q.特Varia忌blec喜osti港stha王tpar碑tof申total穗cost猜that愚depe先ndso灑nq(旨)and裁fixe蠶dcos漆t(yī)is廣that除part宿ofto羨talc傾ostt騎hatd神oesn贈(zèng)otde陷pend遠(yuǎn)onq連(16).廣Show融the敢avera奔geco拉st,m管argin須alco北st,a括ndav晶erage投vari話able逗cost鎮(zhèn)curve男son族agra評(píng)ph.毀Avera看geco淺stis清u-sh切aped.唱Ave濤rage碎cost伍isre偶lativ卸elyl腦arge渣atfi應(yīng)rstb儀ecaus寄ethe帳firm若isn笑otab鬼leto放spre借adth艦efix黎edco豬stov筒erve誦ryma徑nyun牧itso遭fout崇put.恰Aso肝utput礎(chǔ)incr為eases太,ave唱rage蹲fixed集cost刊swil示lfal歌lrel吉ative擔(dān)lyra惱pidly筍.Av隨erage吊cost鹽will睛incr雕ease旗atso庸mepo偶intb卡ecaus賽ethe亮aver召agef竟ixed騙cost擱will犁becom椅ever療ysma見llan太dave噸rage配varia妹blec窄osti躬sinc克reasi佛ngas到qin墳creas星es.賀Avera此geva石riabl耍ecos請(qǐng)twil抽linc乎rease歲beca異useo情fdim素inish獎(jiǎng)ingr次eturn嘩sto著thev蘋ariab聲lefa叮ctor性labor灶.MC忽and絹AVCa欄reli積near,葉and詢both鴉pass讀throu豐ghth旨eori掉gin.尿Aver求agev利ariab建leco馳stis指ever稿ywher裹ebel州owav魔erage負(fù)cost踏.Ma倆rgina離lcos幸tis乞every新where攔abov旅eave炕rage撞varia煙blec藥ost.猛Ift衡heav妻erage庭isr孤ising顧,the敘nthe白marg拘inal則must里beab約ovet褲heav忙erage憑.Ma義rgina贈(zèng)lcos翁twil犬lhit書aver蓋agec吉osta浴tits鋤mini臣mump敘oint.騾Find鴨theo講utput盾that允mini塊mizes孫aver革agec賤ost.婚Them欺inimu漆mave蝶rage清cost鐘quant甚ityi統(tǒng)swhe庭reMC須ise梢qual莫toAC催:蔽Atwh湊atra頁(yè)ngeo嬌fpri繁cesw棋illt寒hefi猛rmpr鬼oduce嬸apo翻sitiv風(fēng)eout效put?倦Thef框irmw寫ills穗upply束posi蓮tive旅level朱sof穴outpu懂tas此long數(shù)asP=輸MC>AV甩C,or內(nèi)asl累onga晝sthe舍firm友isc獨(dú)overi峰ngit揉svar繞iable扎cost滔sof份produ騎ction咸.In士this張case杜,mar曲ginal稍cost臉ise尼veryw娃here挪above三aver神agev作ariab四leco斬stso浴the云firm璃will混suppl腰ypos描itive溜outp串utat論any寫posit誕ivep文rice.錫Atwh耍atra簽ngeo屢fpri象cesw愿illt挎hefi郵rmea腥rna跨negat刪ivep吳rofit江?映Thef綱irmw拌ille脫arnn鐘egati糊vepr膏ofit喘when旋P=MC<射AC,o盲rat械anyp秤rice妥below擇mini其muma賊verag未ecos垂t.I渾npar古tca斬bove巧wefo泳undt卻hatt盾hemi私nimum勻aver貞agec壯ostq桌uanti研tywa家sq=2劍.Pl彈ugq=谷2int衫othe年aver磨agec釀ostf摔uncti僚onto閉find傍AC=1緩6.T陣hefi身rmwi與llth蔑erefo藍(lán)reea弓rnne亮gativ粗epro帶fiti似fpri桿ceis壺belo漸w16.滑Atwh寄atra持ngeo顛fpri續(xù)cesw惜illt賴hefi第rmea富rna顆posit床ivep悲rofit宵?銜Inpa攝rte疤wefo耐undt秩hatt塔hefi當(dāng)rmwo付ulde淡arnn泳egati暗vepr彈ofit央atan促ypri已cebe完low1刑6.T事hefi持rmth贈(zèng)erefo玉reea糊rnsp韻ositi卸vepr寨ofit付aslo誦ngas蔽pric眉eis依above蒜16.抄8.A猾comp趁etiti蹈vefi季rmha麗sthe交foll都o(jì)wing宗shor架trun撕cost謹(jǐn)func鑒tion:黎.黎Find爆MC,A具C,an顯dAVC混and柳sketc漁hthe貨mon券agra播ph.幣Thef額uncti昨onsc胃anbe森calc喜ulate磚das腦follo按ws:侮Graph國(guó)icall綠y,al雨lthr愿eeco睡stfu選nctio失nsar蠟eu-s疾haped蜻int疲hatc濫ostd破eclin勞esin保itial爆lyas歉qin疊creas逮es,a殲ndth襯enco捏stin逗creas累esas鋪qin丙creas氧es.食Avera丟geva張riabl株ecos產(chǎn)tis辯below碰aver褲agec出ost.荷Marg鴿inal也cost數(shù)will緒bein郊itial鏈lybe題lowA算VCan順dwil慧lthe跨ninc賄rease員toh讓itAV雙Cat停itsm辰inimu販mpoi階nt.暗MCwi蠟llbe旅init微ially腫belo緞wAC押andw挺illa跨lsoh艷itAC底ati濟(jì)tsmi頭nimum汁poin園t.極Atwh圖atra赤ngeo營(yíng)fpri愚cesw役illt鳥hefi甩rmsu鎖pply思zero舉outpu體t?奏Thef微irmw砍illf寫indi濱tpro畫fitab侮leto太prod征ucei添nthe洽shor忘trun岸asl臥onga裝spri注ceis愚grea們tert誦hano胃requ勉alto溫aver保agev兼ariab剝leco本st.距Ifpr率icei制sles祖stha酬nave呈rage火varia杜blec命ostt糞hent都hefi鋸rmwi嶄llbe蜂bett阻erof誰(shuí)fshu令tting端down龍int眨hesh歸ortr限un,a支sit錘will朋only己lose捉itsf凈ixed乏cost牌andn袋otfi午xedp糟luss租omeo扮fvar賭iable檢cost哄.He預(yù)rewe缺need禍tof城indt趨hemi摸nimum快aver但agev討ariab扛leco暗st,w盈hich燭canb壩edon授ein悅twod掉iffer穩(wěn)entw室ays.勸You女cane宣ither瑞set智margi屑nalc因oste捷qual概toav貞erage集vari籍a(chǎn)ble亦cost,塊ory渠ouca嶼ndif隱feren再tiate騎aver些agev盞ariab熊leco沫stwi賀thre隸spect巡toq偷and艘sett盲hise溜qual臣toze始ro.壩Inbo澡thca磁ses,貢youc饞anso知lvef簡(jiǎn)orq她andt幼henp視lugi材ntoA諸VCto容find突the葉minim飯umAV秧C.H稱erew桃ewil殖lset司AVC畢equal帝toM糕C:乞Hence您,the沒firm餅supp褲lies剛zero茂outpu奇tif傅P<14.血Ident個(gè)ifyt俯hefi苦rm’s闊suppl伏ycur低veon玻your姑grap帽h.簽Thef即irms匆upply辛curv勺eis展theM輸Ccur矛veab妖ovet讓hepo品intw尚here倦MC=AV恢C.T糧hefi巨r(nóng)mwi賽llpr抓oduce厭att械hepo凈intw特here羊price耗equa眾lsMC知asl來onga枕sMC全isgr老eater躍than裁ore齡qual片toAV寸C.痛Atwh呆atpr殲icew割ould腎thef月irms色upply通exac歷tly6徐unit捆sof撐outpu享t?針Thef思irmm樓aximi旱z(mì)esp餅rofit妥byc拜hoosi偷ngth國(guó)elev截elof轎outp繞utsu情chth下atP=彩MC.籌Tofi輕ndth微epri明cewh振eret豎hefi風(fēng)rmwo集ulds晃upply牢6un亭itso該fout殘put,肝setq辯equa域lto奴6and梯solv牽efor概MC:放9.a尊.Su遇ppose敘屈that諸afir濃m鼠’spr唐oduct善ionf歇uncti沃onis克姑inth臘esho擋rtru蟻n,重wher湖e爬,慨ther探eare京fixe迫dcos盾tsof點(diǎn)$1,0耗00角億,亡and館xis盛thev鹽ariab庫(kù)lein擔(dān)put,匹whose妨搖andt軟heco泛stof欄x轎巧cost喊is$4述,000族peru勻nit工.Wh則atis衡the眉,wri徐tedo喜wnth瘡e達(dá)total袋c(diǎn)ost蓄ofp閃roduc鳴ing摟a橡some壤level品ofo啦utput般q.壞Inot專herw序ords,參iden贈(zèng)tify誕thet友otal母cost暈funct滿ionC鏡(q).爐慨Thet舍otal兩cost津funct恰ionC光(x)=屬fixe自dcos翼t+v里ariab扇leco剩st=勝1000躬+400腐0x.機(jī)Since捕the戒varia棟blei協(xié)nput伯costs陜$4,0摘00pe文runi煩t,t糠heva騾riabl昨ecos譜tis蚊4000綿times練the澡numbe溝rof泰units惡,or籍4000x父.No溪wrew章rite鞏thep偵roduc譽(yù)tion蠻funct判iont月oexp觸ress麥xin賴terms的ofq搖sot標(biāo)hat甲.We敢can彼then炒subst箭itute楊this桂into持the罩above潛cost恒func痰tion古tofi鞋ndC(藍(lán)q):.譽(yù)Write佛down脅the幫equat針ionf營(yíng)orth濤esup欺plyc仔urve.狼Thef葛irms秤uppli瘡esou越tput朵where葵P=MC熊sot燭hema輸rgina貴lcos萄tcur應(yīng)veis翻the加suppl界ycur暮ve,o杠r鄭.垂Ifpr以icei絮s$10賴00,h攝owma勻nyun急itsw取illt紹hefi泡rmpr峰oduce昂?Wh冠atis營(yíng)the青l(xiāng)evel將ofp鍋rofit國(guó)?Il兆lustr速ateo濁nac堡ostc尼urve帶graph蛛.學(xué)Tofi快gure茫this耍out,隆setp悅rice部equal多tom籌argin啊alco紋stto塑find減:.昆Profi佳tis境1000*假10.12徑5-(10負(fù)00+(4體000*1肉0.125腐*10.1扁25)/8班1)=候4062.昨5.G呈raphi玩cally羞,the專firm萄prod擔(dān)uces貞where看the滋price眉line籌hits生the陰MCcu桂rve.熟Sinc連epro編fiti剃spos雕itive腐,thi語(yǔ)swil瞧locc除urat窗aqu奪antit紡ywhe爹repr軍icei源sgre展ater狐than走avera寫geco徐st.增Tofi習(xí)ndpr絲ofit肉onth廉egra廚ph,t中aket陵hedi事ffere蠅nceo宿fthe勤reve萄nueb喝ox(p薦rice風(fēng)times啊quan歉tity)辜and脖thec處ostb守ox(a范verag綠ecos色ttim桃esqu寧antit壯y).華This壯recta啞ngle脊isth撒epro腰fita爸rea.倍10.純Suppo欠seyo注uare滋give竄nthe茂foll習(xí)owing孤info圖rmati火onab置outa陸part幟icula鵝rind閃ustry樸:升Assum呢etha咽tall衣firm餐sare制iden街tical泡,and距that失the榨marke霞tis怖chara紐cteri世zedb漸ypur還ecom孫petit奶ion.征Find底thee暫quili隊(duì)brium秤pric在e,th笛eequ氧ilibr頸iumq碑uanti遠(yuǎn)ty,t渠heou冊(cè)tput懸suppl更iedb暈ythe欠firm跟,and伸the塔profi偏tof擇thef狹irm.秀Equil終ibriu惹mpri文cean煤dqua逃ntity幻are炮found越bys填ettin意gmar危kets低upply揚(yáng)equa韻lto醒marke宣tdem殊and,趴soth尿at65煙00-10占0P=12豆00P.局Solv替eto挽find聰P=5a撲nd枯subst丑itute賣培plug騎back淡into骨eithe積requ主ation煎tof誤indQ憐=6000緣.To擠find撈the外outpu均tfor業(yè)the仁firm漸setp先rice燦equal折tom輕argin扒alco陰stso梳t(yī)hat添介and遣q=500聰.Pr拴ofit需ofth摘efir鏡mis茅total槽reve加nuem吩inus張total輸cost乏or每Not隆icet辦hats竊ince保thet奮otal懲outpu這tin慶them鏟arket叉is6雷000,辨andt練hefi備rmou窮tput遺is50久0,th公erem味ustb家e600昂0/500海=12f鉗irms蝶inth頃eind悲ustry脹.捧Would擋you大expec僚tto究seee怎ntry悲into配orex炭itfr呢omth偶eind樸ustry味int題helo演ng-ru晝n?E喊xplai怎n.W槐hate釀ffect奉will面entr遇yor四exit糞have優(yōu)onma擴(kuò)rket斧equil型ibriu橫m?門Entry楊beca籮uset付hefi蛾rmsi義nthe竟indu照stry選arem尋aking衛(wèi)posi皇tive筋profi貓t.A探sfir屯msen境ter,瞧thes蹄upply峽curv屬efor掘the冊(cè)indus剝tryw隊(duì)ills飼hift哨down惠andt具othe田righ塞tand碗the槳equil破ibriu編mpri牽cewi煎llfa犁ll,a烘llel票seth縮esam撈e.T急hisw麻illr飲educe臂each衡firm蓬’spr踐ofit取down銹toze尖roun斧tilt覽here叢isno槐ince盛ntive舒for賠furth叛eren銅try.獎(jiǎng)What速isth勿elow雖estp破rice唯atwh瑞iche有achf葬irmw刑ould落sell賴itso幅utput容int悉helo柿ngru鴿n?I饞spro席fitp賄ositi裹ve,n株egati兵ve,o么rzer贊oat悉this連price彎?Ex滋plain盾.造Inth仿elon賭grun崇the給firm憶will赤nots晴ellf撐ora筆price朝that泊isb堆elow推minim尾umav譯erage擱cost其.At算any則price項(xiàng)belo絞wmin神imum兼avera漢geco銳st透,榴prof返itis程nega受tive剛andt摟hefi楚rmis稿bett扔erof剝fsel德ling便itsf有ixed剃resou襪rces匙andp臉roduc意ing標(biāo)n雙zer溝oout貢put.快Tof狀indt豈hemi被nimum綁aver波agec鹽ost桿,眨set娘margi戶nalc忙oste深qual柱toav燭erage刺cost娛and樓solve混for薯q:進(jìn)There往fore,芽the畢f(xié)irm決will困nots齒ellf告oran陪ypri尾cele云ssth輕an3.堤8in彎thel惑ongr晝un.紹What濁isth認(rèn)elow姓estp個(gè)rice露atwh卵iche妨achf絡(luò)irmw泥ould釣sell遙itso震utput采int屢hesh變ortr足un?結(jié)Ispr襲ofit哄posit酬ive,博negat使ive,購(gòu)orze齊roat畝this堤pric使e?E軍xplai舟n.睜Thef駱irmw坐ills趟ellf庭oran倡ypos辮itive憐pric歇e,be搏cause鏟ata禁nypo障sitiv巴epri枝cema竄rgina純lcos慘twil妥lbe堤above外aver毀agev賊ariab跌leco么st(A槍VC=q/興2000)遺.Pr炎o(hù)fit蝴isne山gativ邊eas蚊long孩aspr哭icei霸sbel劣owmi詳nimum佳a(bǔ)ver茄a(bǔ)gec夜ost,組oras姿long享asp嫂rice慨isbe匪low3鋤.8.詠11.申Suppo殲seth示ata案compe岡titiv預(yù)efir赴mhas盛ato銅talc遠(yuǎn)ostf若uncti版on稈and依amar妄ginal斤cost潔func撲tion街.If載the稀marke臂tpri只ceis遷P=$1單15pe粒runi料t,fi冠ndth襪elev陸elof奶outp俯utpr擊oduce愛dby直thef高irm.裂Find欠the裝level克ofp傾rofit席and樸thel務(wù)evel詳ofpr數(shù)oduce放rsur盤plus.萍Thef兵irms蝶hould榮prod淘u(píng)cew疫h(yuǎn)ere頸price波ise月qual猴toma軌rgina已lcos徹tso種that悅P=115北=15+4件q=MC煤andq膛=25.渴Prof源itis姻類.Pr矩oduce止rsur側(cè)plus克ispr肌ofit名plus謀fixed題cost寫,引whic膏his侄1250.饅Not缺etha想tpro半ducer掃surp逼lusc押anal劣sobe言foun近dgra飽phica跳llyb捐ycal設(shè)culat擊ingt錯(cuò)hear崇eabe層lowt開hepr吊icel蠶inea李ndab顆ovet尸hema帶rgina璃lcos強(qiáng)t(su儀pply)粗curv野e,so薯that閃PS=0摩.5*(1破15-15謹(jǐn))*25=憂1250.假12.字Anum驚bero期fsto忠reso泉ffer碼film開devel騰oping耳asa蛋serv設(shè)icet膝othe壩ircu諷stome阿rs.驢Suppo年seth轉(zhuǎn)atea棚chst孔o(hù)ret擱hato慮ffers參this野serv患iceh仙asa刃cost崇funct把ion策and誘amar悟ginal細(xì)cost黨題.理Ifth裹egoi叔ngra翅t(yī)efo能rdev勒elopi林nga探roll暫offi面lmis皆$8.5采0,is騎the護(hù)indus亦tryi錘nlon廳grun掙equi遼libri單um?乒Ifno美tfin券dthe輪pric裕eass味ociat拋edwi貪thlo勿ngru賀nequ皆ilibr果ium.保First眾find齒the求profi傻tmax搭imizi桃ngqu委antit貝yass違ociat筋edwi夏tha效price援of$梅8.50達(dá)byse共tting成pric灘eequ慣alto級(jí)marg粉inal違cost茂soth貝atMC若=0.5+劍0.16q魚=8.5=轉(zhuǎn)P,or雀q=50連.Pr喜ofit追isth死en8.投5*50-股(50+0頂.5*50傾+0.08考*50*5伍0)=$1姨50.罪Thei獸ndust五ryis武not焦inlo銀ngru凝nequ豈ilibr茅iumb鄙ecaus發(fā)epro董fiti落sgre疏ater袋than怠zero.陵In摸alon乞grun賺equi夾libri聽um,f葛irms更produ樸cewh泊erep些rice惕iseq疏ualt削omin魔imum崗avera堵geco潔stan欠dthe羅reis越noi才ncent像ivef枕oren駕tryo煉rexi慮t.T蟻ofin星dthe滿mini撇muma卸verag劈ecos杏tpoi敞nt,s筍etma側(cè)rgina愉lcos央tequ膊alto匯aver輝agec攏osta眼ndso勻lvef淚orq:境Tofi侮ndth某elon菠grun燈pric牲ein擦them禿arket賭,sub通stitu樂teq=堡25in擦toei植ther爸margi顯nalc騎osto蹈rave傘rage跨cost乞toge狀tP=$蛇4.50.帖Suppo抬seno劉wtha鞋tan葬ewte下chnol燃o(jì)gyi漏sdev麻elope踢dwhi億chwi很llre屢duce方thec購(gòu)osto運(yùn)ffil勿mdev界elopi行ngby渠25%.塞Ass勉uming植that梯the賽indus飽tryi曾sin鵝long私rune靈quili端brium豈,how蹤much伴woul韻dany映one倆store吃bew仁illin糕gto喉payt拴opur斷chase鋤this膨new袍techn巨ology踢?羨Then擔(dān)ewto蠶talc辯ostf貞uncti荒onan誕dmar窩ginal訊cost沃func處tion統(tǒng)canb答efou引ndby宣mult杠iplyi云ngth辛eold脖func疾tions掃by0半.75(呈or75歲%)an嬸dare日asf染ollow偏s:俱Thef窄irmw乖ills寸etma疫rgina減lcos思tequ注alto仗pric造e,wh侄ichi捐s$4.澇50in稈the胞long布rune片quili誠(chéng)brium咐.So膝lvef僅orq州tofi貍ndth贏atth反efir現(xiàn)mwil慢ldev來elop耳appro錦ximat途ely3李4rol途lsof貞film炒(rou脊nding嫌down弊).I未fq=3倉(cāng)4the憐npro娛fiti擾s$33境.39.隙This坦ist奸hemo強(qiáng)stth掉efir編mwou易ldbe央will捏ingt斑opay鹿for井then譯ewte島chnol鍬ogy.橋Note朝that痰ifa由llfi張rmsa施dopt投then解ewte瑞chnol扯ogya安ndpr蜘oduce盲more泉outp敲ut,t夠henp葡rice弄inth膀emar住ketw潮illf滔alla償ndpr壓ofit遠(yuǎn)fore闖achf吊irmw榮illb跡ered覆uced借toze就ro.測(cè)13.洲Consi掃dera睬city仍that尤has敬anum書bero取fhot彎dogs即stan超dsop砌erati打ngth肯rough泰outt鎮(zhèn)hedo開wntow蠻nare薦a.S頑uppos燕etha俯teac仆hven喊dorh形asa騎margi做nalc輝osto弓f$1.蒸50pe文rhot怎dog止sold,樸and濕nofi罩xedc烘ost.著Supp巷oset貍hema不ximum序numb幕erof島hot稠dogs障anyo挺neve斜ndor胃cans柿elli杰nad夾ayis顧100.徐Ifth充epri咸ceof紛aho還tdog極is$四2,ho爽wmay掉hot上dogs掠does拴each虹vendo叫rwan半tto核sell?慮Since哨marg刃inal言cost巧iseq描ualt堪o1.5乳and奇thep錯(cuò)rice彎iseq語(yǔ)ualt剪o2,轟theh澡otdo型gven央dorw遭illw穩(wěn)antt血osel減las慢many貓hotd控ogsa歐spos謊sible盒,or起inot玉herw響ords,青100黃hotd課ogs.多Ifth執(zhí)eind辭ustry渡isp品erfec歇tlyc舌ompet表itive仰will派the櫻price扒rema踢inat隆$2f壓ora苗hotd徑og?弓Ifno覽t,wh火atwi剩llth閉epri貨cebe法?鑄Thep獲rice萬(wàn)shoul閥dfal聰lto漏$1.50送sot哲hatp足rice蒙iseq狡ualt襯omar嶄ginal啞cost碌.Ea餅chho嫌tdog掃vend戒orwi該llha淘vean艙ince欲ntive闊tol